VOLUME I.

The American Citizen,fcfl published every Wednesday in the borough of Butler,\)y THOMIS ROBHSOS A C. K. AFFDBMO* on Main STREET,

(opposite to Jack * Hotel?offlce up stair* in the brick

"urmerlv occupied by Ell Yetter, as a storeTERMS:?SI 50 a year, ifpaid in advance, or within the

Urst nix ntdnthrt; or f'2 ifnot paid until after the expira-tion of the flrntsix months.

KATRS or AT»vr.RTt«»NO:? One nquare non., (tenllne«or

l«8S t) three Insertion® 2Kvery subsequent Insertion,per square, ????

ttaainem r-ards -»f 10 lines or lets firone year, inclu-

ding paper ®

Vard of 10 lines or le«-» 1 year without paper *w54 column f»r six months 'Vcolnmn fur one year ' ? *

for «ix months '»t o i\<, column for one ye"

( column for six month* r*'1 column for on- %--»r

For the Citizen.

A WARNING.

to TIIO9* *uo Alftiw THKin linrs TO CABOOSE Til V.*TRi:rTBAT Monr.

Ifyour boy's lore to swear and fight,And have some fun, .

Ansoona* they «re froqjyour night,I pun the publicstreets at night,And you can think itis allright,

Let 'em run.

Aye let em run, <1 «n tbe afraidThat e'er their steps will slack, ?

Ah no! they soon will learn the trade

Of garrotte, gag and cord and blade,To run

"

a muck in sin's crusade,

And curse the day that yon were made,To father nucha pack.

%

11.

Should e'er you meet a boy at night,Aprankish clown;

Ulaspheming4 >ud, and awful "tight,"Who jams at you with allhi* might,Ami says he's tpilin for for a fight,

Knock him down.Ayeknock him down, and never fear

About the deed you've done;Ah no! his parents are not nearTo shield the boy to.thein HO dear,No stop! an Idea striken me here;

You may be smiting, oh how queer.Your own dear drunken son.

111.

Well never mind, they are but boys,And maybe rude;

Hut then : kind sirs, you need not rare.Yourboys. lik«* you must learn to swear;

In doors at night ??why who could bear.Such solitude.

Ave let your boys at random run.Ami time alone will show;

That after all their drunken fun,And criminating deeds are dono,Whether or not, a hell they've won:Would you not grieve to account your son

A candidate for Woe!PBTKR PORITI'INK.

« OUMI \l< A i'IOXS.tor the Citizen.

Politics and Religion.?It is a veil known taut, that this subject

is exciting considerable attention, andhonest inquirers on every hand arc seek-ing a truthful and reasonable solution ofthe problem. Not pretending to be wise

above what is written, wc feel in dutybound to contribute our mite, in openingup this rather intricate subject.

Questions meet us at every step, con-

trary opinions and feelings, with number-

less unwarranted assertions, charges andwhat not, confront us in the daily avoca-

tions and business of lifej and all conies

f'rouie a civilized, christianized and pro-fessing community and people. Can all

be right? Does God's Holy spirit leadone man in one direction, and another inthe opposite course ? People whose in-terests and wall-being, nationally, social-ly and morally, are one and the satiie.?

We think not! Why then this jarring,jangling, clashing an 1eoufliction of opin-ions, theories and principles ? I lieremust be a cause ?an I a prolific source,

from whence all this flows. If we can

succeed in stripping..ff the ve;l,am) show-

ing this matter in its clear light, our ob-ject is gained.

The writer is not a polititician,neverex-pcets to be; is prone to look at everysubject from a moral standpoint, where hehas a chance of seeing. \\ ill the readerstep up onto the platformand take a lookat the subject?

When we look at the raging strife go-ing on between north and south, at theterrible bitterness of parties and of party

spirit, at the blood shed, sorrow and mis-cry of many thousands of our fellows on

every side, we are constrained to bei.e\ethe world has gone mad, and as it were,by our consent, have set u|>on each otherto kill and destroy all within their reach.Hut the subject still wears a more gloomyaspect, when we reflect that these sec-

tions and contending parties all profess to

worship the same God, be influenced by

the same spirit; guided*by the same vol-ume of inspiration, nay more, belongingto the same religious societies, luejnbcrs ofthe game churchs, professing the same

faith and practicing the same religiousprecepts. Still farther. Each contending

section, party and army, have Chaplains,Bibles, religious books, tracts &c., to in-spire their soldiers with bravery and car-

nage. Each have their days of fasting,prayer and devotional exercises?each in-voking Gov s blessing. Each imploringhis aid against the common enemy. ?

Jfmc must the eye of the all seeing Gml,look down upon this strange combination

of religious ditplay, or devotional oppo-sition. Why is it, are we in earnest ? are

\u25a0we sincere ? do we devoutly wish for whatwe pray? if so, can our prayers be ans-

wered? can one God supply such oppo-site extremes of desires? truly a Philoso-pher might bo puzzled, and exclaim :'?Whom the God's would kill, they firstmake mad.'"

Now let us see if we can account forthie strange comedy:

Ist. We lay down a few fundamentalprinciples, which you will do well to ex-

amine. Ifthey are good and true, thepwe may safely build upon them?if false,then the structure must fall, no matterbow fine or costly the buildinp.

AMERICAN CITIZEN."

Let us have Faith that Right makes Might; and in that Faith let us, to the end,dare to do our duty as we understand it"? A- LINCOLN.

BUTLER, BUTLER COUNTY, PA., WEDNESDAY, APRIL 13,1864.

Speech of Hon. J. K. Moorhead,Delivered IntheHouse of Representatives, March *26,18#4.

Sir. MOORHEAD said:Mr. Chairman: My colleague from the

21st district [Mr. Dawson] has made con-

fessedly the ablest speech on the other sideof the House, and has stated with greatfrankness aud clearness the grounds pf

his opposition to the war. Although itwas

well answered by my colleague from the19th district. [Mr. Schofield.] I feel it in-

cumbent upon me togiveitsome attention,as our districts adjoin, have like interestsand feelings, and as special efforts havebeen made, by the circulation of his speechto affect the political sentiment of WesternPennsylvania. We both live at the headof the great channels of trade formed bythe Ohio and Mississippi rivers, and theirtributaries, down which the coal, lumber,and agricultural products, aud the manu-

factures of glass, steel, iron, copper,wood,&c., of our people were accustomed beforethe rebellion to float safely and withoutlet or hindrance, to the inhabitants ofthirteen States, aud oil through the GulfS.O foreign markets. Valuable as tho Fed-eral Union is to the people of other States,is is beyond all price to Pennsylvania, andespecially to bis constituents and mine,who alike love their country, are proud ofits history, believe in free government,hate slavery, are ready to die rather thansee their national flag dishonored at homeor abroad, and will not permit the destruc-tion of their Government by aristocraticslaveholders, who treat and speak of north-ern people?Democrats as well as Republi-cans?with more scorn, than they feel fortheir slaves on their plantations. Theblow of the traitors who made this war,fell first and heaviest on our constituencies,when they closed the navigation of the Mis-sissippi, seized and confiscated, property,

and de Iroyed trade more than sixty years

enjoyed, and forrestoration of the right to

which our people have been vigorouslyfighting for nearly three years. Ido this,Mr. Chairman, the more-readily, becausethe doctrines he announces, are the verysame which brought 011 the war, and if not

condemned by the people, would make thesouthern rebels our masters forever.

My colleague began his speech by re-

minding us iii glowing terms of the hap-py and prosperous state of the country"about ?eight years since," when he leftthese halls. He left two years before Mr.Buchanan become President. What was

its condition when Mr. Buchanan bandedthe Government to Mr. Lincoln ? Whyis my colleague silent as to the pregnantfact, that when Mr. Buchanan retired, thegloom of that awful period was such thatits mere remembrance comes like nil evilshadow over the heart of every patriot?

It has been suggested he has been in a

deep sleep during the eight years he was

absent from political life. His speech fur-nishes strongevidence of it. Let me theninform him what he should know, andwhat many of his constituents do know,that not merely are we now, "in the midstof a revolution," but the country was inthe midst of a revolution whom Mr. Bu-chanan retired, and has been on the brinkof a revolution atdifferent times, for thirtyyears.

?Jackson suppressed treason in 1832.Jeff. Davis and *his fellow conspiratorsmade some signs of beginning a revolu-tion, under old Zach. Taylor in 1850, whenCalifornia was admitted as a free State;but the hero of Buena Vista squelched itby announcing that he would hang the firstrebel who dared to lift a hand against theUnion, and Jeff. Davis well knew he woulddo it. They prepared for it, while Piercelived in the White House, and Davis gov-erned the country. They .persevered whileBuchanan was President, and Floyd con-

trolled the army, until,between the 4th ofNovember, 1860, the day 1 incoln was elec-ted, and the 4th of March, 1861, the dayhe was inaugurated, every southern fort

except Pickens and Sumter, every armoryand arsenal, all the ordnance, arms, andammunition, all the custom-houses, postoffices, and mints, in a word all the prop-erty of the Federal Government in everyseceded State were seized by slaveholdingtraitors, without a blow being struck or a

shot being fired in their defense, and 30days before Buchanan's term expired,eight slaveholding States had openly re-

belled against the Government, cast off al-legiance to it and excluded its authority,hauled down iU .flag, captured its troops,arms, forts, ships, munitions of war, as-

sembled a congress at Montgomery, Ala.,adopted a constitution, elected a. President,prepared to raise armies, and organized a

confederacy as a toreign and hostile gov-ernment, all under that Democratic rulewhich my colleague is so anxious to re-

store, and all done by Democratic leaders!What did Mr. Buchau.au do to preveutthese great crimes ? Nothing ! What didthey propose to do ? Nothing! Ontheoth-er hand, they resisted everything that look-ed like protecting the public property, andpreserving the. nation's honor.

his commands to break every yoke, andlet the oppressed go free, and in open vio-lation of the good common sense of everyenlightened man and woman, they haveconstantly paraded bofore us, to cover

their guilt, the old Mosaic laws, regula-ting servitude, as authority for the vilestoppression known to exist in the enlight-

ened world, and indeed but little if anymore revolting, to be found among themost degraded aud barberous nations ofthe earth, trying if possible to throw thequilt of their iniquityin the very face ofJehovah, and make him the author audupholder of all sin, and indeed many inour own part of the country take the verysame ground, and plead for the institutionas a divine rite. "0 when will foolsunderstand knowledge." O, why pervertthe very pitience and long suffering ofGod, into a cloak of concealment for theprotection of the most disgusting andHell deserving vice of the age? But to

return to our design.Ifeligion being humbled befoie politics,

and politics being made the leaven of so-

c ety and of the church?true Godlinessor piety fle I from their religion, and leftit a body without a soul?a stinking car-

cass. Loathsome in the sight of honestenlightened men. Loathsome it must be.in the eyes of a just and Holy God, who

«lnts always abhorred oppression. SeeEel. 7th. and 7th.?Psalms, 72d, 4th,54th, 3d. 12th, stli, 02d, and 10th. Isialisth, 7th, 3iid. aud 15th. Luck. 17th, sth,and 10th. Mai. 3d, and sth. James 2d,these are a few of the many pasages ofscripture truth to be found bearing uponthis subject, which Ibeg my readers to

consider, who are in favour of the lovelyinstitution of American slavery? foulblot upon our land offreedom.

Tis Strange that our Eclesiastics andlearned men of the south, forgot the Mo-saic year of Jubilee. Why was it, thatin the fiftieth year of American Indepen-dence, "Liberty was not proclaimedthroughout all the land unto all the in-habitants thereof." Lev. 25th, 10th.?Why hold so strenuously to one part ofMosaic Law, and reject another oil thevery same subject?tis evident that dis-honesty exists somewhere. How will we

answer to God. who knows the secrets ofour hearts, and the motives by which weare actuated, for our glaring ignorance ordishonesty in this affair of public interest?Let us look the matter fair in the face, audnot yield to prejudices and party spiritlonger.

But now in conclusion, what has poli-tics become in the south by this improp-er mixing ? Ans. Rebellion ! What is II e-

j bell ion ? Ans. Sacrilege] And are we

ti it vending our steps to such a result,when we suffer party feelings and preju-

ices torule our better judgments, embit-ter our social intercourse, distract anddestroy our love to each other, in the samechurch, divide us in our efforts for good,perhaps cause us to leave our church, andfind a home where political spirits conjte-

ncnial to our own are found, or bring dis-turbance into the church in sotne way or

other; perhaps charge the preacher for

bringing politics into the church,in preach-ingagainst national sin and praying fortho Government, when thefruth is "thouart the irtan" who has brought your poli-tics into the church. The preacher onlybrings the influence of the church, andhis own, to bear on-politics; purifyingpolitics, squaring them by the eternalrule, which will ucver fail, and this isright, just what God deigns; that we shallbring his religion into even/ principle, andavocation of human life, and human af-fairs ; sanctifying and renovating every,part thereof, so that we may be cleansedfrom all unrighteousness, and properlyqualified to take our proper position insociety, and exert a salutary influence on

every hand. There isthCn,a wide differ-ence between mixing politics with reli-gion, and mixing religion with politics;perhaps you say, "we can't see it." Ionce could not see the difference between"a solid half foot, and half a solid foot;""but when I became a man, I put awaychildish things," and when I saw that thefigures would produce the difference, Igave up that it must be right, so try thefigures on thi% according to the rule ofDivine truth, and sec if. it does not pro-ducolhe same result.

PIONEER.

EPITAPH in in English Church-yard :"Sacred to the memory of Miss MarthaGrinn; she was so very spare within, sheburst the outward shell of sin, and hatch-ed herself a cherubim."

A NEW remedy for the asthma consistsof frankincense to be smoked in a pipe.Having tried it, wc say to all asmetics,

'? put that in your pipe and smoke it."

IF you want to be a " swell" of the firstwater, get the dropsy.

Sir, so widespread was treason, so faith-less the President, that all hope was ex-

hausted except the single one that histerm would expire before all was lost.?Thank God ! Abraham Lincoln becamePresident before the cause of the JJnionwas totally ruined, and then the work ofrescue began.

My colleague, in a speech of twenty-ninepages, says not a word in denunciation ofthese rebel insults and outrages, nor doeshe show any sympathy with those of hisneighbors whose blood has enriched everybattle-field in defense of their country, andwhose bones are before Richmond andCharleston,at Antietam, Gettysburg, Vicks-burg and Chattanooga, and whose heroicvalor lias protected his home and minefrom threatened invasion by his late polit-ical friends. Nor has he any charges to

make against anybody except of "madnessand folly" against the people, and railingagainst the Government, the Quakers andAbolitionists. The rebellion is tenderlymentioned as an "illjudged rebclliou"?no crime in it?llo blood on the rebels'hands; only a mistake in judgment, a badguess as to time and result! Sir, I do not

think my colleague has allowed his goodfeelings to find expression in his speech;but it was made to aid in restoring the Dem-ocratic rule, its errors and fallacies shouldbe pointed" <mt.

My colleague sees no prospect of theend. He says "nearly three years of civ-il war have now discharged their relent-less fury upon our unhappy country, andwe are yet apparently as far from any sat-

isfactory adjustment of our differences as

when we first flew toarms." Sir, Ibroad-ly deny this extraordinary statement. Itis the policy of the rebels, and those whosympathize with them to undervalue theresults already accomplished, and to dis-courage the public feeling of the North.Jeff. Davis says the South cannot be con-

quered , and my colleague deliberately shutshis eyes to the astonishing resnfyi alreadyattained. The rebellion is in its last agonies;immense regions have been reclaimed, sev-

eral States are returning to their allegiance,and 011 every hand there is hut one indica-tion, and that of the increasing power ofthe Union and tho increasing weakness ofthe rebellion. My colleague should see

this; but there is none so blind as he whowiljnot see. His doctrine as to the true

chitracterof tho government is a specimenbrick of the genuine Calhoun mould. He"finds no difficulty in a divided allegi-ance," and ho "holds that allegiance to

bind the citizen in equal degree to the gov-ernment of the State aud to that of thenation, both proceeding from the same

source ?the pcoplcof the several States."This doctrine has deluded multitudes intotreason, has undermined the Federal Gov-ernment, brought on this war, and sacri-ficed the lives of thousands of our people.General Jackson in his day denounced it,and warned the country against it; andeven Mr. Buchanan, in his last annualmessage, declared it"to bo inconsistentwith the history as well as the character ofthe Federal Constitution." It means thatwe have no national Government; thatunder the Constitution there is no Union; jbut only a knot of States that way be tiedor untied atpleasure; that there is no suchthing as a citizen of the United States,and 110 national flag to shelter him.

But Mr. Chairman, the most cruel fea-ture of my colleague's speech is thatwhich, openly proclaiming his approval ofMr. Buchanan's course, impliedly censuresthat of the gTeat old patriot jvhom he andI, once and again, but, vainly, labored to

make President of the United States?General Lewis Cass; whose patriotism andstatesmanship revolted the tucklingpolicy of Mr. Buchanan, and who, whenhis proposition to garrison the southernforts and maintain possession of the pub-lic property was refused, promptly tender-ed his resignation and withdrew from theCabinet. If Mr. Buchanan's policy was

wise, General Cas's was unwise; If Mr.Buchanan was faithful in his high posi-tion, General Cass was mistaken in judg-ment; if Mr. Buchanan properly met thogreat duties of the hour then Gen. Cass

utterly failed to appreciate the difficulties.But not so. I can never subscribe to

such a sentence of condemnation againstan old friend whom Ihave long admired;whom I now revere as among the worth-iest statesman the country lias ever had,and whose claim to the love and gratitudeof posterity rest, in my judgment, more

firmly upon his unshakan fidelity whentreason was so general, than even upon hisbrilliant records of both civil and milita-ry service. About the time he retiredfrom the Cabinet he was filled with gloomand anguish at the threatening aspect ofpublic affairs, as ho fully comprehendedthe great and growing dangers whichthreatened the ship of state. His impres-sive exclamation at the time, in my pres-ence, Wu.s: "We are lost, we arc destroy-.>'l; r»ir jrrvnt "nd be

First then, there must be a ruling ele-

ment in religion, to make religion right;that element must be vital Godliness or

piety, unless this element be in our reli-gion, it will be no better than the religion

of Boodah, Juggernautt orGuadaniah. ?

This principle is the same to religion, thjitLeaven is to the meal. Gal. sth and 9th.Itgives it life; Itis life) without it reli-gion is a dead, loathsome carcass, a bar-ren idea, a forgery, a libel?proof, see

heathen mythology, human sacrifices, &c.2nd. This true religion , must be the

ruling element in daily life, in society andin politics. The same to these that theLeaven is to the meal. Now if this rulewere followed, there could be no war, fortrue religion leads to peace, quiet, liberty,equ il rights, and to love our neighbor as

ourselves, and this religion is not many,but one? the. religion of Christ.

Having laid these foundation princi-ples, I proceed to build my argument,atid here notice that, this religion may besafely brought into every avocation of hu-man life, into every principle of humangovernment, every good institution, and isproductive of good in each and every de-partment, for it sanctifies the whole mass,

purifies the whole economy of nature.The contrary cannot be truthfullysaid,

we cannot bring anything else into our

religion of our worldly, selfish or com-

mon affairs, without producing disastrousresults. Religion will not stand that kindof mixing, and right here is the grandsource of all our troubles, asm shall show.Religion can stand alone, it has stood foreighteen hundred years, amid the scorn,

contempt, caresses, fawnings, corruptions,persecutions of Kings, Emperors, courts,

populaces, nations and people, and standsout at the present hour inbold relief, fromthe dark clouds of national sorrow, to

show us our way out of this dire conflict,and will it be thought presumption in nie.

to assert, that if we ever reach the shoreof our troubles, the goal of peace, r. ligi-gion, true and undefilod, must be our pilotor guide? Thank God then, that we havea President, who earnestly calls ground

him this hallowed influence, in his ap-peals to us for our prayers, sympathies,sermons and general co-operation, in thefearful struggle for our national existence.God bless him and give wisdom, is our

fervent prayer, and ice will try to give thenation light, it is our imperative duty,and solemn promise. Now to see wherewe have run oft" the track, and the ob-struction?but if we bring into our reli-gion as a ruling element drunkenness for

although in other respects,it may bo said we are good hearted, kind,affectionate, good citizens, &c. Vet where

his pernicious practice or evil habit prevails, it becomes the ruling passion or

element of the man's life. IIis social iu-ercsts hapincss &c., as well ns mental

culture and moral principles, give way to

its overpowering influence, and the man

presents to the eye of even the casual ob-server, a wreck of character. Can we

mistake the cause, had lie m ide religion,true religion, the ruling element of hislife, the passion would have been restrain-ed, overcome. The habit broken up, andinstead of a wreck of character, you Woulddiscover a man of moral worth. Thesame thing may be said of every vice ofwhich as a people we are guilty, let citherfraud, lying, stealing, Sabbath breaking,gambling, incest or even speculation, (forthis is a kind of polite fraud) be indulgedin tis a practice, and the passions of our

carnal natures, such as anger, wrath, mal-ice, evil speaking jealousy, prejudice, in-ordinate love for earthly objects, covetous-

ness, &c., be cherished by us and "rolledas a sweet morsel under our tongues."?Itwill become the leaver or moving pow-er of the soul, and will finally subvertevery moral principle which we may haveimbibed, and our profession become a

stink in the nose of every intelligent man

or woman acquainted with our course.?

Hut you inquire, what has all this to dowith politics? Ianswer by stating factspatent in our country's history, as a sec-

tion, the southern people have made Poli-tics, (not religion) the i-uliug element ofsouthern society. Slavery the leaven ofpolitics and politics the leaven ofsociety.Religion has been humbled befor it, madeto give place. Proof, sec a few ichite men

present at every religious meeting, or elsethe meeting pronounced unlaicfid. Seelearning prohibited the slave ; see the mar-

riage institution ignored ; fornication andbasterdy, common in every quarter, pro-fessing christians selling their oicn Jiesh andblood into perpetual slavery. Does thechurches, or religion of the south upholdthe abuses you inquire, certainly in a ma-

jorityof cases, there are noble exceptionsof course, but the majority of southernchurches and professing christians haveyielded, yea sanctioned, and have giventheir influence to perpetuate and extendthis God dishonoring, Heaven daring in-

stitution. Notwithstanding the denuncia-tions of Jehovahs word against oppression,

ruined. Itmight.be saved?it might b«saved. Ihave tried to save it, but ean dono more." Glorious words !? betokening

the great heart of a brave, clear, patrioticstatesman, who would have saved the coun-try, the public property, and subdued therebellion had HE been I'iesident in placeof Mr. Buchanan. As he was not, andthe President would do nothing, he leftthe Cabinet. Yet my colleague indorsesMr. Buchanan and his policy, thus impli-edly casting censuresand blame upon Gen-eral Cass. Iresent the imputation, andappeal with confidence from his words to

the judgment of a free people, who willbeHived, despite theopen treachery of Buchan-an, or the covert treacheij' of his allies andfriends.

I have alluded to the fact that the rebel-lion is not a new thing in American his-tory ; all remember how promptly Jacksonput down one, and Taylor nipped anotheriu the bud- Lincoln has aroused the loy-alty and patriotism of the country to sub-due the last and worst; and we who arethus this day engaged, are but followingthe teachings of those departed patriotsaround whom a united country threw itsprotecting arms, and upon whose memoriesit continues to lavish its praise. " TheUnion, it must and shall be preserved,"was the motto of Jackson; it is the heart-work of Lincoln. The rebellion of 1832was invoked against existing legislation,this, much loss justifiable, and more wick-ed, was inaugurated in the absence of of-fensive, legislation in fact at the moment

when all legislation was not only harmless,but harmonious on the late disputed terri-torial question, when by the confession ofthe ablest of their leaders, the slavehold-ers of the South nad no cause to justifysecession,* and when by the truth of his-tory, there was no actual grievance what-ever. This is most vigorously and clearlypresented by the following extract from a

s]>eech of Alexander 11. Stevens, deliver-ed in theseeessionconvention of Georgia,January, 1801:

" This step (of secession) once takencan never he recalled; and all the balefuland withering consequences that must fol-low will rest on the convention for allcoining time. When we and our posteri-ty shall see our lovely South desolated bythe demon of war, tohiah this act ofyourswill inemthbly invite and'call forth, whenour green fields of waving harvest shallho trodden down by the murderous sol-diery and fiery car of war sweeping overour land, our temples of justice laid inashes, all the horrors and desolation, of warupon us, who but this convention trillbeheld responsible fur it 112 and who but himwho shall have given his votefor this un-wise and illtimed measure, aa I honestlythink and believe, shall be held to strictaccount for this suicidal act by the pres-ent generation, and probably be cursed and jexecrated by posterity for all time to come,for the wijloand desolating ruin that willinevitably follow this act you now proposeto perpetrate. . Pause, Ientreat you. * *

What right has the North assailed? Whatinterest of the South has been invaded?What justice has been denied, and whatclaim founded in justice and right hasbeen withheld ? ('an either of you to-dayname one governmental act of wrong, de-liberately and purposely done by the Gov-ernment at Washington, of which theSouth has a right to complain ? Ichal-lenge the answer. * * *

" We have always had the control of theGeneral Government, and can yet if weremain in it, and are as united as we havebeen. We have had a majority of thePresidents chosen from the South, as wellas <Jie control and management of mostof those chosen from the North. We havehad sixty years of Southern Presidents tothirty-four, thus controlling the Kxccu-tivc Department. So of the judges ofthe Supreme Court, we have had'eighteenfrom the South, and but eleven -from theNorth; although nearly four-fifths of thejudicial business has arisen in the freeStates, yet a majority of the Court has al-ways been from the South. This we haverequired, so as to guard against any inter-pretation of the Constitution unfavorableto us. In like manner we have been equ-ally watchful to guard against OHr inter-ests in the legislative branch of Govern-ment. In choosing the presiding presi-dents (pro tern.) of the Senate, we havehad twenty-four to their eleven. Speak-ers of tho House, we have had twenty-three and they twelve. While the major-ity of the representatives, from theirgreater population have always been fromthe North, yet we have so generally se-cured the Speaker, because he, to a great-er extent, shapes aud controls the legisla-tion of the country * * * * *

Attorney Generals, wo have had fourteen,while the North have had but five. For-eign ministers, we have had eighty-six,and they but fifty-four.

* * We have had the princi-ple embassies, so as to secure the worldmarkets for our cotton, tobacco, and su-gar, on the best possible terms. We havehad a vast majority of the high offices ofboth army and navy, while a large pro-portion of the soldiers and sailors weredrawn from the North. Equally so ofclerks, auditors, comptrollers, filling theexecutive Departments. Tho recordsshow for the last fifty years that of threethousand thus employed, we have hadmore than two-thirds of the same, whilewe have had but one-third of the whitepopulation of the Republic. * *

A fraction over three-fourths of the reve-nve collected for oP tho Opr.

NUMBER 18.eminent has uniformly been raised fromthe North. Pause now while you can,gentlemen, and contemplate carefully,and candidly these important items. *

"For you to attempt to overthrow sucha Government as this, under which wehave lived for more than three quarters ofa century, in which wo have gained ourwealth, our standing as a nation, our do-mestic safety, while the elements of perilare around us, with peace and tranquilityaccompanied with unbounded prosperity,and rights unassailed, is the height ofmadness, folly, and wickedness, to whichI can neither lend my sanction nor myvote."

*The first question that presents itselfis, shall.the people of the South secedefrom the Union in consequence of thoelection of Mr. Lincoln to the Presidencyof the United States? My countrymen,Itell youfianhty, candidly, and earnest-ly, that Ido nut think they ought. In myjudgment, tWP election of no man, con-stitutionally chosen to that high office, issufficient cause for any state to seperatefrom the Union. It ought to stand by,and aid still in maintaining the Constitu-tion of the country. To make a point of*

resistance to the Government, to withdrawfrom it because a man has been constitu-tionally elected, putt us in the wrong. Weare pledged to maintain the Constitution.Many of us have sworn to support it.?Can we, therefore, for the mere election ofa m&u to the Presidency, and that, too,in accordance with tho prescribed formaof the Constitution, make a point of re-sistance to the Government without be-coming the breakers of that sacred in-strument ourselves?withdraw ourselvesfrom it? Would we not be in the wrong?Whatever fate is to befall this country, letit never be laid to the charge of the peo-ple of the South, and especially to thepeople of Georgia, that we were itntrue toour national engagements. Let the faultand the wrong rest upon others. If allour hopes are to be blasted, if the Repub-lic is togo down, let us%e found to thelast moment standing on the deck, withthe Constitution of the United Stateswaving over our heads. . Let the fanaticsof the North break the Constitution' ifsuch is their fell purpose. Let the re-sponsibility be upon them. I slull speakpresently more of their acts ; but let notthe South?letusnotbe the 0119* to e.>mm tthe aggression. Wc wont into the elec-tion with this people. Iho result was dif-ferent from what we wished; but thoelection has been constitutionally held.?Were we to make a point of resistance tothe Government and go out of the Unionon that account, the record would be madeup hereafter against us?Speech of Alex?andcr If. Sheens, before the legislatureof (leorgia, delivered November 14, 1860.

Sir, this rebellion was a cold-blooded,premeditated, infamous attempt of ambi-tious, desperate and wicked conspiratorsto destroy the Union, overthrow free Gov-ernment, establish a sectional ono over

the southern portion of it, and thus pre-pare the way by European intrigues foran aristocratic or monarchic forjn on thisland of freedom. The man who, in theloyal States tolerates, sympathizes with,or fails to check this movement, would, inrevolutionary times, have been denomina-ted a traitor. The -man who halts in hisfidelity, who quibbles about this techni-cality or that, who aids tho rebels by de-crying the power of tho Government to

suppress the rebellion, and by decryingits finances, should bo ranked and despis-ed as an Arnold who would soil his coun-

try.But it is said by these sympathizers

with treason, that it is the fault of thisAdministration and its friends that thiswar exists; that it is an unholy war, andshould be stopped, and that Mr. Buchan-an's policy was one of peace and concili-ation, whilst that of Mr. Lincoln's liasbeen one of usurpation and tyranny.

Whilst the answer of these allegations,

full and ample as it is. may bo importantto the future historian, I will not strip to

make it here as the war is upon us, andour present duties are to suppress it andits cau«f. It is waged for tho purpose of

dissolving this Government. It is enforc-ed by vast armies, which are kept in thefield by a military despotism of the most

relentless character. The great question

of the day B not by what process thiscondition of things has been reached, buthow to suppress the rebellion, how to beatback our rebel foes, how to save our peo-ple from spoilation and slaughter, ourcountry from division, our Governmentfrom overthrow?duties in whose; resenee

every other, political dufy ''hides its di-minished head." I have, Mr. Chairman,uniformly observed that the men whowaste their energies in discussing the past

are the least willing to meet the responsi-I bilities of the present, and rise to the

i stature which it demands of all loyal cit-izens.

Still, sir, Iam not willing to let so muchof that part of the charge remain Tinan-

swered, as it fixed upon the loyal Norththe responsibility of this war. The im-putation is wholly false. The slavehold-ers were the aggressors. They were stim-ulated to the heinous crime by hatred ofthe progress of free communities, by jeal-

ousies of their rising power, by onvy of

; their great superiority in every art andj pursuitof life, and of the higher civiliza-

' » :.?n in*"!!hrcnf m<' fire la-