ALVINE DISCHARGE

DISEASE

Definition Causative Agents

Signs and Symptoms Diagnosis Prevention Treatment

Cholera Acute, entero-toxin mediated GI infection caused by gram negative rod Vibrio cholerae

Profuse, watery diarrhea after 24-72 hours of ingestion of contaminated food and drinksVomitingRice-watery stoolsDistended abdomenSingns of dehydration

Stool cultureDarkfield microscopy (shooting star motility)immunoflourescence

HygieneImmunization

IV therapy and fluid replacementantibiotics

Hepatitis A fairly common systemic disease marked by hepatic cell destruction, necrosis and autolysis, leading to anorexia, jaundice and hepatomegaly

Hepatits A,B,C,D,E,G virus

FatigueAnorexiaMalaiseDepressionAtralgiaMyalgiaPhotophobiaNauseaVomitingJaundicepruritis

Detection of antibody against Hep A

Standard precaution

ImmunoglobulinAdequate restHigh caloric dietHigh protein diet

Dysentery (Bacillary

Dysentery)

Acute intestinal infection that causes high fever and acute, self-limiting diarrheas w/ tenesmus; it may also cause electrolyte imbalance and dehydration

Shigella dyseteriae

NauseaAbdominal painDiarrheaHyperactive bowel soundsSigns of dehydration

Stool exam and cultureDAT

Contact precautionsNutritional supportantibiotics

Salmonellosis

Caused by gram-negative bacilli of the Genus salmonellaEnterocolitis and bacteremia are common in children and elderly patients

Salmonella typhiEnteritidis Choleraesuis

NauseaVomitingDiarrheaFeverChillsAnorexiaAnaemiaBlood or stool cultureWidal’s test

Antibiotics