Air Products
Biogas and Hydrogen
London Boroughs SeminarRoland Birley MEng AIMechE
2
Contents
Waste issues in London
What is Biogas?
How can waste give us fuel?
The process and how AP makes it happen
Why Waste?
4
Why Waste?
Legislation– Landfill
• EU directive• 2025 35% target!• LATS
– Carbon– Renewables
Fuel / Power economies– Gas– Automotive fuel duty– Electricity
£€$
5
What is biogas?
Agriculture / Livestock
Kitchen waste
Wastewater
Compost
Landfill gas
60% Methane (“Natural gas”)
CO2
Other stuff
Anaerobic digestion
6
Why Air Products
?DirtyGas
ValuableFuel
Gas separation experience
R&D, IP
Prism®, Gemini®
Other technologies World’s Broadest Portfolio of Adsorption
Products
7
Adsorption
?DirtyGas
ValuableFuel
1000Nm1000Nm33/hr H2/hr H275Nm75Nm33/hr H2/hr H2 Prism ®Prism ®
8
Early Prism® Plants
Developed in the 1980s
US energy crisis heavy subsidies
Crisis ended AP sold business
AP Kept technology rights
Clean, high BTU gas
High reliability
Low maintenance
Palos VerdesPalos Verdes
GeminiGemini
9
KnowH2owDemonstrated
CaFCP, Washington
Las Vegas
Berlin H2 fuelling
Toulouse, France
Singapore, India
BerlinBerlin
Las VegasLas VegasSingapore
Waste andEnergySolutions
11
Option 1: Waste to vehicle fuel
CO2 neutral
No fuel tax
CC exempt
Approx 60% MSW is organic
London leads clean transport
London’s greenwaste
Digester(or other)
Compost
Biogas
TransportH2 / NG
Air Products
12
Option 1: Waste to vehicle fuel
London’s greenwaste
Digester (or gasifier)
Compost
Biogas
TransportAir
Products
London’ssewage
Local landfills
2M tonnes is 200k Nm³ annual methane prod’n
or 000’s vehicles filled per day
All carbon-neutral
13
Municipal waste (organic) = 28MM tonnes/year
Heating value = 10,000 GWh
Sorted local organic waste
Local energy
Fuel cell development
Option 2: Waste to Energy
UK
FC
Residual MSW could provide 20% of
total UK energy consumption in 2020.- Institute of Civil Engineers, Renewable Power Assoc. 2005
14
Waste to Natural Gas VehicleSorted kitchen waste = 40k tonnes/year = 4M Nm3/yr
biogas
+ Wastewater biogas ~ 9M Nm3/yr
+ Air Products gas cleanup plant (1500 Nm3/hr)
+ NGV Fuelling station
+ Small fleet converted to gas
Assume: Free organic waste & collection;
3 year payback ~ 0.5 €/l Diesel equivalent possible
Example: London Borough X
15
Waste to Energy Options
GreenWaste
ADAP
Prism®
NGfueller
NGV
NGGrid
PowerStation
SO/MCFC
Reformr
& PSAH2FC
AP H2 fueller
H2V
AD – Anaerobic Digestion
Prism® - Cleanup equipment
SO – Solid Oxide
MC – Molten Carbonate
FC – Fuel Cell
PSA – H2 purifier
NGV – Natural Gas Vehicle
H2V – Hydrogen vehicle
Air Products technology
16
Air Products Capabilities
GreenWaste
AD NGV
NGGrid
PowerStation
SO/MCFC
H2FC
H2V
Safety KnowH2ow
Experience
Integration
17
Summary
Waste problem energy solution
London has – Biogas sources– Applications
• Run cars• Power homes• Produce carbon-neutral Hydrogen!
Biogas + AP = Clean fuel
Good waste management + AP Good waste management + AP
= 2 sustainability issues solved= 2 sustainability issues solved
Join us.Join us.
Thank you
tell me morewww.airproducts.com