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AIM: How have geologists learned about Earth’s interior? What are the characteristics of Earth’s crust, mantle and core?
OBJ: Given notes and activity sheet SWBAT describe techniques used to investigate Earth’s interior and the characteristics of Earth’s crust, mantle and core with 70% accuracy.b
DN: Hand-in Ecology and Solutions Activity Sheets; Distribute Inside Earth Textbooks
ACT: Text, read p. 6-13, Complete Earth’s Interior Activity Sheet; Review ResultsWork on Being A Scientist PacketWork on eSpark Assignment (iPads)
HW: Text, read p. 14-17; Work on Being A Scientist Packet; Interim Exam, Thursday, January 22.
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How have geologists learned about Earth’s Interior?
Rock Samples: drilling up to 12 km into Earth; tectonic faulting & uplift has revealed rocks from more than 100 km depth.
Seismic Waves: because rock layers have different densities, seismic waves move at different speeds through the rock layers. Geophysicists use this seismic wave data to construct a “picture” of the earth’s deep internal layers (e.g., crust, mantle, core)
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Seismogram
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Crust (outermost Earth layer)Crust: solid layer of rock. Two types:
•continental crust: forms the continent, granite in composition
•oceanic crust: forms the ocean floor, basalt in composition
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Mantle (thick middle layer)Mantle: hot rock nearly 3000 km thick
Lithosphere: rigid, solid rock consisting of the crust and hot uppermost mantle; 100 km thick
Asthenosphere: softer, hot, clay-like rock that can bend.
Lower Mantle: solid rock
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CoreCore: metal iron & nickel composition; liquid outer core and solid inner core; 3,486 km thick.
Outer core: the movement of the liquid outer core generates the Earth’s magnetic field.
Inner core: is solid because extreme pressure prevents the Fe, Ni atoms from spreading apart and becoming a liquid.
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Earth’s magnetic field created by movement of the outer liquid iron core
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Moving liquid metal created magnetic field in laboratory
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Earth’s magnetic field protects life from harmful solar winds
Sun (star)Earth
Earth’s magnetic field
Solar winds