AIDS-Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome
Lecturer: Adelheid Cerwenka, PhD, D080, Innate Immunity
Sources: Janeway: Immunobiology, 5th edition
AIDS
Definition:
AIDS is the end-stage disease caused by infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
First recognized in 1981
• General mechanisms for recognition of viruses by the immune system
• Groupwork• History of AIDS, Epidemiology• Structure of HIV • The Immune system and HIV• AIDS and other diseases (Karposi Sarcoma)• Treatment of AIDS• Perspectives
AIDS-Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome
Innate immune response
Natural Killers
Macrophages
Dendritic Cells
T cells
A.) Direct recognition and elimination of
virus infected cells
Virus infected cell
Cytokines
Cell-cell contact
B.) Cross-talk with adaptive immunity
• Since 1981 the syndrome known
• Los Angeles: 5 people in hospital with Pneumocystis Pneumonia.
• 1983 Virus identified HIV-1 (NIH: Robert Gallo, Luc Montagnier, Pasteur), HIV-2
History
1.) How many people in the world are infected with HIV?
2.) In which part of the world is the highest incidence?
3.) How does transmission of HIV take place?
4.) What goes wrong with the immune system?
5.) Ideas for prevention and cure?
Group work
HIV Infection is spreading over all continents
16 mio died
3.4 mio people alive with AIDS
Sahara Africa: 7% infBotswana: 30% inf
6 mio newly infected16 000 newly each day
Course of inf:10% 2-3 years AIDS80% progress in 10 years
Routes of transmission/risk groups
Hemophiliac
Intravenous drug abusers
Homosexuals
Heterosexuals
Babies of infected mothers
• CCR5: (ligands RANTES, MIP1a, MIP1b): DC, Macrophages
• CXCR4 (SDF-1): activ. T cells
• DC-Sign (possibly traps virus before encounter of susceptible cells)
Coreceptors for HIV
• Problems: virus mutates, virus is hiding in storage sited (in mucosa, brain).
• CD4 T cells: help is missing
• CD8 T cells: Good in the beginning, later they can’t see the mutated virus,
• B cells: good, but Ab is directed against the initial virus
Immune response against HIV