Agronomy 101
Otherwise known as:Manure Happens
Topics
• Manure Characteristics Nutrient content N-P-K Factors affecting nutrient content of
manure Differences amongst animal species Sampling requirements and methods Application equipment
Topics
• Record and manure management
Nutrient Budgets Worksheets
7020.0300 Definitions
• Subp. 4. Animal manure or manure.
“Animal manure” or “manure” means poultry, livestock, or other animal excrete or mixture of excrete with feed, bedding, precipitation, or other materials.
https://www.revisor.mn.gov/rules/?id=7020.0300
7020.0300 Definitions
• Subp. 13b. Manure – contaminated runoff
“Manure-contaminated runoff” means a liquid that has come into contact with animal manure and drains over land from any animal feedlot, manure storage area, or animal land application site.
https://www.revisor.mn.gov/rules/?id=7020.0300
7020 and NPDES Definitions
• Solid Manure
7020.2125 Manure Stockpiling Sites Subp. 1, item B.
• Manure must not be placed on a stockpiling site unless a three-to- one horizontal-to-vertical ratio can be maintained or the manure has at least, a 15 percent solids content
https://www.revisor.mn.gov/rules?id=7020.2125
7020 and NPDES Definitions
• NPDES Permit language
Solid Manure (15 percent or more solids, and handled as a solid) Winter Application
Liquid Manure is considered to be any Manure that does not meet the definition of “solid Manure” provided in item 3.
http://www.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/view-document.html?gid=13482
Manure Sampling Requirements
• NPDES = annually• Storage area for 100 au or more = once every 4
years• 300 au or more farms = for 3 consecutive years
than once every 4 years• 7020.2225 LAND APPLICATION OF MANURE.• Subp. 2.Manure nutrient testing requirements.• https
://www.revisor.mn.gov/rules/?id=7020.2225
Manure Sampling Recommendations
• Composite samples How is the manure handled/managed Housing – bedding – equipment Liquid or solid manure Storage system agitated Custom hauler
• Best time to sample – when applying manure• Recommend annual sampling • Recommend running averages• http://www.mn.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/ecs/nutri
ent/manure/mnnutr6.pdf
Reference Materials
• Beer and Baking
• U of M and Dept of Ag– Nutrient & Manure Management Tables and– Nutrient Management Tables
• Excellent reference materials
Nitrogen Availability and Loss, as Affected by Method of Manure Application and Animal Species Year Available % of Total Nitrogen Available Per Year
Broadcast Incorporation Timing Injection After 96 hrs. 12 to 96
hrs. Within 12 hrs.
Sweep Knife
Beef Year 1 25 45 60 60 50 Year 2 25 25 25 25 25 Lost 40 20 5 5 10 Dairy Year 1 20 40 55 55 50 Year 2 25 25 25 25 25 Lost 40 20 10 5 10 Swine Year 1 35 55 75 80 70 Year 2 15 15 15 15 15 Lost 50 30 10 5 15 Poultry Year 1 45 55 70 70 70 Year 2 25 25 25 25 25 Lost 30 20 5 5 5
Liquid Manure Application Equipment
Double disks manure applicator
Double disks manure applicator
Sweep injection manure applicator
Sweep injection manure applicator
Knife injection manure applicator
Broadcast solid manure applicators
• Typically used with solid manure and semi-solid manures
• End gate spreaders are used with dry manure and bedded pack manure
• Side-slingers used with semi-solids or slurry manures
End gate spreader
Side-slinger spreader
or Toyota Cowrolla
Nutrient Budgets
• Method to calculate amount of manure and or fertilizer to apply to planned crop Calculations use MN-extension formulas Variables include:
Crop rotation and yield goals Manure analysis and method of application Fertilizer use
Beer & Baking or Balancing your Checkbook
Nutrient Budgets crop needs
• Crop rotation = nutrient recommendation
Table 1. Crop Nitrogen Recommendations Crop to Be Grown Yield Crop Last Year
Crop 2 Years Ago Max N Needs
Corn Any Corn No Alfalfa 180 Corn Any Corn Alfalfa 130 Corn Any Soybeans No Alfalfa 140 Corn Any Alfalfa Any 80 Corn Silage Any Corn Corn 180 Corn Silage Any Corn Alfalfa 130 Corn Silage Any Alfalfa Any 80 Wheat 60 – 90 bu Corn No Alfalfa 110 Wheat 60 – 90 bu Soybeans No Alfalfa 90 Oats 81 – 100 bu Corn No Alfalfa 70 Oats 81 – 100 bu Soybeans No Alfalfa 30 Sweet Corn 8 - 9 tons Corn Any 120 Sweet Corn 8 - 9 tons Soybeans Any 90
Nutrient Budgets availability
• Type of animal and method of application = nutrient availability
Nutrient Budgetswhat’s in your account
• Calculate any 2nd year manure credit• Based on previous years total manure
nitrogen applied
Nutrient Budgets Example
• Corn following corn = 180 pounds of nitrogen• Finishing swine manure analysis for N-P-K:
– 58-44-40 pounds/1000 gallons• Method of manure application:
– Broadcast immediate incorporation with disks:• Nitrogen availability =75%• Starter fertilizer credit: 5 – 10 – 0 pound N-P-K
How many #s of N are available?
A. 43.5#B. 35.6#C. 58.4#D. 40.3#
43.5#35.6#
58.4#40.3#
25% 25%25%25%
Nutrient Budgets Example
How many gallons of manure can be applied per acre?
A. 4150 gallons / acreB. 3500 gallons / acreC. 4000 gallons / acreD. 6050 gallons / acre
4150 gallons /
acre
3500 gallons /
acre
4000 gallons /
acre
6050 gallons /
acre
25% 25%25%25%
Nutrient Budgets Example
Nutrient Budgets Example
• 180 – 5# N in starter = 175 # nitrogen• 58# N in manure x 75% (available N)
= 43.5• 175 ÷ 43.5 = 4.022• 4.022 x 1000 = 4000 gallons/acre
2nd Budget Example
• Work thru the following example:• Crop rotation: corn following soybeans• Finishing swine manure: 58 – 44 – 40 per
1000/gals of N-P-K• Method of application: Sweep injection• 4,000 gallons of hog manure applied 2 years
ago• 5 gallons 28% in herbicide = 15# nitrogen
Manure Nutrients Short Form
How many gallons of manure can be applied per acre?
A. 3000 gallons / acreB. 1700 gallons / acreC. 2000 gallons / acreD. 3500 gallons / acre
3000 gallons /
acre
1700 gallons /
acre
2000 gallons /
acre
3500 gallons /
acre
25% 25%25%25%
Final Answer
• Corn on Beans• 180# N needed – 40#N from beans = 140#N• 140# N – last years manure 35# N = 105#N
– (4000 gallon x 15% = 35#N)• 105# N – Fertilizer application 15# = 80#N• 80#N / 46.4# N per 1000 gallon
– (58# N/ 1000 gallon x 80%)• = 1700 gallons per acre
3rd Budget Example
• Work thru the following example:• Crop rotation: corn following corn following
average alfalfa• Dairy manure: 10 – 3 - 6 (N-P-K pounds/ton)• Method of application: Broadcast
incorporated within 2 days at 25 tons/acre• Manure applied 2 years ago at 25 tons/acre
use same analysis (10-3-6)
How many ton can be applied per acre?
A. 32.5 ton per acreB. 17 ton per acreC. 19 ton per acreD. 21.5 ton per acre
32.5 ton per a
cre
17 ton per a
cre
19 ton per a
cre
21.5 ton per a
cre
25% 25%25%25%
Final Answer
• Corn on corn with alfalfa 2 years ago – 130#N– (180# - 50#N from alfalfa 2 years ago)
• 130#N – last years manure 62#N = 68#N– (25 ton x 10#N/ton x 15% = 62#N)
• 68#N needed / 4#N ton manure = 17 ton
Not a good day to visit the farm
Phosphorous
• High phosphorous soils - added requirements• Sensitive areas
– > 22 Bray– > 17 Olsen
• Over 300’ from sensitive areas– > 75 Bray– > 60 Olsen
• Interim permit required some cases
Applying Manure in Sensitive Areas
State requirements and recommended practices to protect water quality
Revised May 2005
Resource
Bray P1 (ppm)* < 22 22 – 75 76 – 150 > 150
Olsen (ppm)* < 17 17 – 60 61 – 120 > 120
More than 300 ft from lakes, streams, intermittent streams, protected wetlands, or unbermed drainage ditches
No phosphorus management requirements
No phosphorus management requirements
No phosphorus management requirements unless within 300 ft of tile intakes.
***Permit needed if manure is from feedlot with more than 300 au
Less than 300 ft from lakes, streams, intermittent streams, protected wetlands, or unbermed drainage ditches
No phosphorus management requirements
**Prevent long-term build-up of soil P
**Prevent long-term build-up of soil P
***Permit needed if manure is from feedlot with more than 300 au
**Prevent long-term build-up of soil P
***Permit needed if manure is from feedlot with more than 300 au
Crop Needs
Crop Removal
Example 1
• Soil sample – 72 ppm Bray• 450 AU Cattle site• Intermittent Stream• Average yield 210 bu corn/acre• Manure test – 12-14-10
Phosphorous Concerns?
• Over 300’ from sensitive area– No issue with phosphorus– Nitrogen limits
• Within 300” from sensitive area– Prevent phosphorus buildup– Utilize crop removal figures
Example 2
• Soil sample – 82 ppm Bray• 450 AU Cattle site• Intermittent Stream• Average yield 210 bu corn/acre
How many ton can be applied per acre?
A. Determined by Nitrogen limits
B. 6.2 ton per acreC. 5.1 ton per acreD. 5.7 ton per acre
Determ
ined by Nitr
ogen ...
6.2 ton per a
cre
5.1 ton per a
cre
5.7 ton per a
cre
25% 25%25%25%
Questions?