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African Independence Notes
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When did African countries become independent?
• Between 1945 and 1990, more than 50 nations in Africa became independent.
• Different European nations gave up their colonies with different levels of struggle.
• Some just handed them over, others fought terrible wars before giving up.
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What is African Nationalism?
• The struggle fought by Africans to gain control over their own nations from the European empires.
• Nationalism is devotion to your country.
• The African part just makes it about Africa.
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What was the Pan-African Movement?
• It was a group that wanted to help all people of African decent all around the world.
• Many of the people who led African nations to independence were members.
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What effect did WWII have on imperialism in Africa?
• It made the European colonizers much weaker. They could not keep their colonies down.
• At the end of WWII, there were only a few independent African countries: Ethiopia, Liberia, Egypt (kind of), and South Africa (under racist white rule).
• Also, many Africans had helped in the war and wanted their reward: freedom.
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How did Europeans try to hang on to their empires?
• Sometimes through fighting.– France in Algeria– Britain in Kenya
• Trying to start governments in them friendly to the home country.– France in West Africa, became part of France– Britain in southern Africa, part of the
“Commonwealth”
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When did most African nations become independent?
• The 1960s.
• In the year 1960 alone, 17 countries became independent.
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What were some problems faced by independent African nations?
• Few roads, railroads, etc.
• Ethnic conflict
• Dependence on former colonizer.
• No business, just exporting of cash crops and mining products.
• Corrupt government, little rule of law.
• Some places are getting better today.
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