Download - Africa: Water
AFRICAWATER
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BruceMcCormackBruceMcCormackConsulting
PresentationatWaternomics ConferenceINSIGHT,UniversityofGalway,Galway,Ireland
31January2017
AFRICAWHAT’SGOINGON
Population
POPULATIONGROWTH-
1.2b2.5b(2016approx.)34years(2050est.)
….38mannually….
WORLDPOPULATION2100(guestimate)
UN2100estimateAfrica…3.5b
Europe….700m
FERTILITYRATES
WHAT’SGOINGONUrbanisation
GLOBALURBANLEVELS…2011…
URBANISATIONLEVELS
….estimated450mrural>urbanpopulationadditionby2050(UNEP2016)….….another13mannually….
CITYSIZES2050FORECAST
….urbangrowthrate2010-15=4.2%pa(doublein17years)….….2014UNHABITATestimate203mlivinginslums….
FORMALURBANDEVELOPMENT….lotsofit
BUT……62%ofAfricapopulationliveininformalsettlements(urban&rural)
(UNHabitat2013)
CapeTown,SAfrica Lagos,Nigeria
INFORMALSETTLEMENT…majorexpandingissue…
KIBERA,NAIROBI
KIBERA
…approx.250000people…
KIBERAWATERCOURSES
KIBERAWATER&SANITATIONINFRASTRUCUTURE
WHAT’SGOINGONEconomy
GROSSDOMESTICPRODUCT2016
GDPPERCAPITA2015
ACCESSTOELECTRICITY(2010)
REALGDPGROWTH2016(IMF)
MASSIVEMISSMATCH
POPULATION2050 GDPNOW
WHAT’SGOINGONWater
VERYDRY…VERYDRY
WETMIXED
DRY&VERYDRY….MIXED
VARIATIONVARIATION
VARIATIONVARIATION
VARIATION VARIATIONVARIATION
VARIATION
VARIATION
VARIATIONVARIATION
WATERISSUES…someQUALITY------------------------------------------------------• SEDIMENTATION … eg overgrazing
• EUTROPHICATION…biodiversityloss,fishinglosses
• CHEMICALS,HEAVYMETALS• SOLIDWASTE…litter,medical,etc.
• SEWAGE …urbanareasparticularly
• WETLANDLOSS…water&biodiversitylossimplications
• RIVERBANKVEGITATIONLOSS• ZOONOSES ….potentialglobalthreats• GROUNDWATERQUALITY…pitlatrines• ETC…
QUANTITY----------------------------------------------------------• CAPTURE>STORAGE>DISTRIBUTION>USAGEISSUES…inefficienciesateachstage
• CLIMATECHANGE…bigchallenge• DESERTIFICATION …creeping
• VARIABILITY…floods/droughts• AQUIFERUSAGE…bigpotentialinsomeareas
• DAMS …canradicallyimpactonflows/availabilitydownstream+biodiversityimpacts
• ETC…
DEATHSDUETOWATERBORNEDISEASES
+- 970000…..PERANNUM+- 97000…..ANNUALLY……approx.GalwayCity2016populationdyingeachmonth ……
THECHALLENGETOUS….ALLOFUS….
HereinIrelandHereinEurope
Globally
SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTGOALS- WATERGOAL
ENSUREAVAILABILITYANDSUSTAINABLEMANAGEMENTOFWATERANDSANITATIONFORALL
TARGETS• 6.1By2030,achieveuniversalandequitableaccesstosafeandaffordabledrinkingwaterforall• 6.2By2030,achieveaccesstoadequateandequitablesanitationandhygieneforallandendopendefecation,payingspecial
attentiontotheneedsofwomenandgirlsandthoseinvulnerablesituations• 6.3By2030,improvewaterqualitybyreducingpollution,eliminatingdumpingandminimizingreleaseofhazardouschemicals
andmaterials,halvingtheproportionofuntreatedwastewaterandsubstantiallyincreasingrecyclingandsafereuseglobally• 6.4By2030,substantiallyincreasewater-useefficiencyacrossallsectorsandensuresustainablewithdrawalsandsupplyof
freshwatertoaddresswaterscarcityandsubstantiallyreducethenumberofpeoplesufferingfromwaterscarcity• 6.5By2030,implementintegratedwaterresourcesmanagementatalllevels,includingthroughtransboundarycooperationas
appropriate• 6.6By2020,protectandrestorewater-relatedecosystems,includingmountains,forests,wetlands,rivers,aquifersandlakes
• 6.aBy2030,expandinternationalcooperationandcapacity-building supporttodevelopingcountriesinwater- andsanitation-relatedactivitiesandprogrammes,includingwaterharvesting,desalination,waterefficiency,wastewatertreatment,recyclingandreusetechnologies
• 6.bSupportandstrengthentheparticipationoflocalcommunitiesinimprovingwaterandsanitationmanagement
WHATSHOULDGOON(techperspective)
LOWTECH HIGHTECH…AND…
TECHNOLOGYLEAP…..itspossible
TECHNOLOGYLEAP…..itshappenedbefore
VISIONandPOLICYFRAMEWORK
…technologyseenasakeydriver…
OURTODO LIST
VIA…..
---IRELANDInc------ EUROPEANUNION---
--- OWNORGANISATION---
USEWATERNOMICS….…andotherknowledge/expertise
ITSCOMPLEX….noteasy….orquick
…butpossible…………
THANKYOU