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The Basics of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Training Series
RAAC Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Task Force
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Adult Training Series Modules
Module One: Autism Defined, Autism Module One: Autism Defined, Autism Prevalence and Primary CharacteristicsPrevalence and Primary Characteristics
Module Two: Physical Characteristics of Autism
Module Three: Cognition and Learning in Autism
Module Four: Autism and Sensory Differences
Module Five: Communication and Autism
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Adult Training Series Modules
Module Six: Behavior Challenges and Autism
Module Seven: Understanding Behavior in Persons with Autism
Module Eight: Functional Behavior Assessment
Module Nine: Autism and Leisure Skills to Teach
Module Ten: Special Issues of Adolescence and Adulthood
Module Eleven: Safety and Autism
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Autism Spectrum Disorder Defined
An Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a brain-based or neurobiological disorder of development.
ASD causes differences in the way the brain processes
ASD affects understanding and use of language to interact and communicate with people.
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Big Idea
ASD is a brain-based disorder that results in differences in the way individuals understand and interact with their world.
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Effects of ASD on Individuals
ASD affects:
the way a person relates to people, events, and objects in the environment.
the way a person responds to sensory stimuli such as pain, hearing, taste, smell, etc.
the way a person learns and thinks.
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Different Types of ASD
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Autistic Disorder
Biggest Challenges: Difficulties with social interaction. Difficulties with communication. Restricted interests and activities
that they like to do over and over again.
Repetitive behaviors, such as rocking or arm flapping.
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Autistic Disorder Continued
Other Characteristics: Usually behaviors can be seen by
three years of age. Some children develop regularly
the first years, then begin to lose their learned skills.
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Asperger Syndrome
Biggest Challenges:
Difficulty with social interactions. Individuals appear to understand directions
even when they don’t. For example, we may think they are being uncooperative.
Individuals like to talk a lot about things that really interest them.
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Asperger Syndrome Continued
Other Characteristics:
Intelligence ranges from average to well above average, so they may appear really smart, but cannot do everyday things independently.
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PDD-NOS(Pervasive Developmental Disorder - Not
Otherwise Specified)
Diagnosis often made when a person does not meet the criteria for a specific diagnosis (i.e. Autism, Asperger).
There is generally an overall impairment in communication, social interactions, and individuals may have restricted interests.
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Who Gets ASD?
All races, nationalities and socioeconomic groups
Boys are more likely to be diagnosed with ASD
More common within families
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Prevalence of ASDLeukemia 1 in 25,000
Muscular Dystrophy 1 in 20,000
Pediatric Aids 1 in 8,000
Childhood Cancer 1 in 7,000
Polio (1952 peak rate) 1 in 4,000
Hearing Impairment 1 in 900
Visual Impairment 1 in 800
Down Syndrome 1 in 800
Juvenile Diabetes 1 in 500
Cerebral Palsy 1 in 400
Autism Autism (per Centers for Disease Control (CDC) March 2011)
1 in 1101 in 110
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Why are more people diagnosed today?
Better rules for diagnosis
Asperger Syndrome added to ASD in 1994
Increased awareness of ASD
People believe there are more services for an individual if the person has a diagnosis of ASD.
Wrong diagnosis
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There are no two persons with autism exactly alike
“If you’ve met one person with autism, you’ve met one
person with autism.” Stephen Shore, Adult with Autism
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Quick Facts about Autism
Autism is the most common developmental disability, affecting 1 in 110 births … most recent March 2011 Centers for Disease Control (CDC) study.
A decade ago the rate was thought to be 4-5 in 10,000.
4 children with autism are born in the USA every hour … 35,000 per year.
Autism is 4 times more common in boys than in girls.
Autism is often under-diagnosed in children – typically diagnosed by age 3-7.
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Autism Facts ContinuedAutism is the fastest growing serious
developmental disability in the US, growing 10-17% per year.
Cost of autism is estimated at $35-$90 billion – 90% of that is spent on adult services.
Recent estimate (by Harvard) is that cost is $3.2M/person over their lifetime.
The costs are expected to more than double in the next decade.
For more information, see: www.autism-society.org or www.autismspeaks.org.
““The greatest underserved disability group” The greatest underserved disability group”