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Influence of urbanization on
the road infrastructure safety
Zhang Tiejun [email protected]
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China Free of High Risk Roads Page 2
Outline
1 Urbanization and road safety
2 Challenge
3 Safety audit and countermeasures
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China Free of High Risk Roads
0%
4%
8%
12%
16%
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Increa
se a
ga
inst
la
st y
ear
GD
P (
10
0 m
illi
on
RM
B)
Absolute Number
Increase against Last Year
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
US
doll
ar
GDP GDP per capita
Annual increase rate of Chinas GDP reached 10.37% from 2003 to
2012,and GDP per capita from $ 1 273 increased to $ 6 091.
1 Urbanization and road safety
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China Free of High Risk Roads
1 Urbanization and road safety
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Mo
tor v
eh
icle
s o
wn
ers
hip
(10
,00
0 u
nit
s)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Mot
or v
ehic
le o
wner
ship
per
1000
pop
ula
tion
Motor vehicle ownership Motor vehicle ownership
per 1000 population
By the end of 2012, the motor vehicle ownership reached 240 million, increasing 1.49 times than that of 2003, and the motor vehicle ownership per 1000 population increased from 75 units in 2003 to 177 units in 2012.
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50.57%
At 2011 ,urbanization rate beyond 50%
By the end of 2012, urban population beyond 712 million
1 Urbanization and road safety
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With the increasing urbanization
rate, the crash fatalities:
In first stage, crash fatalities
significantly increased
In second stage, crash fatalities
began to decrease
Future estimation: crash
fatalities will decrease slowly
6
60
00
07
00
00
80
00
09
00
00
10
00
00
11
00
00
sw
30 35 40 45czh
95% CI predicted sw
sw
1 Urbanization and road safety
Traffic fatality begin to concentrate at suburbs, highway passing
through village segments. for example, in one highway, beyond 45.7%.
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Village influence the vehicle operating speed:V85 decrease
nearly 20%
1 Urbanization and road safety
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1 Urbanization and road safety
Village influence the vehicle track: Vehicle especially truck and
bus tend to drive away from lane edge line
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Death rate of different travelers in urban area at Beijing(20062009*The
data quoted from Chen Yanyan, Beijing University of Technology
others
DEAD%
1 Urbanization and road safety
branch
roads
18%
sub
arterial
road
16%
arterial
road
60%
others
6%
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Outline
1 Urbanization and road safety
2 Challenge
3 Safety audit and countermeasures
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I. More focus on urban economy, land use and traffic
capacity than road traffic safety
II. Awareness of traffic safety needs to be enhanced
III.Road infrastructure can not fully satisfy the new
requirement, especially without adequate
consideration of pedestrians and cyclists.
IV.Lack of quantitative tools to support safety
management and design.
2 Challenge
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Poor safety awareness
2 Challenge- case
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Poor safety awareness
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Complicated traffic composition
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High speed limit
General segment:100km/h
intersection: 80km/h
Road function?
2 Challenge- case
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Big size intersection without effective
channelization, pedestrian crossing is unsafe.
2 Challenge- case
Intersection without special pedestrian signal
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Complex traffic compositionhigh truck proportion, signs and marketing lines are not
effective.
2 Challenge- case
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Insufficiently used overpass
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Insufficient signal design
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Bus station
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China Free of High Risk Roads Page 22
Outline
1 Urbanization and road safety
2 Challenge
3 Safety audit and countermeasures
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China Free of High Risk Roads
Safety audit and ChinaRAP tool
Safety audit guideline for
expressway and class 1 highways
Compliance analysis for design
standard
Analysis of the safety checklist
Analysis of speed consistency
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Safety audit and ChinaRAP tool
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Objectives
1.2 Audit extent
1.3 Documents used during the audit
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Description of the road
2.2 Key points to road safety audit
3 ROAD ALIGNMENT AND DRAINAGE
3.1 Horizontal and vertical alignment
3.2 Cross-section
3.3 Drainage system
4 GRADE INTERSECTIONS
4.1 General audit
4.2 Detailed audit
4.2.1 Intersection of Gandong Ave and Anshi Ave
4.2.2 Intersection of Gandong Ave and Zhanbeier Rd
4.2.3 Intersection of Gandong Ave and Zhanqian Ave
4.2.4 Intersection of Gandong Ave and Weier Rd
4.2.5 Intersection of Gandong Ave and Guihuasi Rd
4.2.6 Intersection of Gandong Ave and Jinni Ave
4.2.7 Other intersections
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Safety audit and ChinaRAP tool
5 TRAFFIC FACILITIES
5.1 TRAFFIC SIGNS AND MARKINGS
5.2 SAFETY PROTECTION FACILITIES
5.3 TRAFFIC MONITORING FACILITIES
6 PUBLIC TRAFFIC FACILITIES
6.1 PUBLIC TRANSPORT STATION
6.2 BUS STOP AUXILIARY FACILITIES
7 TRAFFIC FACILITIES FOR BICYCLE AND PEDESTRIAN
7.1 FOR BICYCLE
7.2 FOR PEDESTRIAN
7.3 ACCESSIBILITY FACILITIES
8 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
8.1 ROAD ALIGNMENT AND DRAINAGE
8.2 GRADE INTERSECTIONS
8.3 TRAFFIC FACILITIES
8.4 PUBLIC TRANSPORT FACILITY
8.5 BICYCLE AND PEDESTRIAN
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Risk assessment technique is a quantified decision-making tool to
improve safety at road network.
Draw a risk map, and define high risk
segments and roads.
Indentify causes of high risk, estimate
future risk changes.
Optimize the allocation of funds , and
choose the investment plan with best
B/C ratio.
Track investment effect, and evaluate the
actual safety effects.
Interactive design.
Safety audit and ChinaRAP tool
Infrastructure
safety goal
Design
drawing
The
original
road risk
assessment
Safety
design
concept
Design
drawing
risk
assessm
ent
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Special plan and
design for highway
segments passing
through villages
3 Safety audit and countermeasures
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Intergrated design to promote the use of overpass
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31
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CJJ37-2012
GB50647-2011
,
Put more consideration of vulnerable road user safety in road design
standard
3 Safety audit and countermeasures
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www.chinarap.net
Thanks
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China Free of High Risk Roads
Contact Details
Zhang Tiejun
Senior Engineer, RIOH
M: 139 1102 4196
A: RIOH, Beijing
Websites:
http://www.chinarap.net