![Page 1: Acute BVDV infections in non bovine species...• 2 to 4 week old white tail fawns Free of BVDV and antibodies to BVDV • 3 groups – 4 inoculated with Deer 1 (BVDV 2 strain) –](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043014/5fb0d77e749a3b234f2e52fc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Acute BVDV infections in non bovine species
J.F. Ridpath, K.M. Lager, A. Vincent, J.D. Neill
NADC/ARS/USDA, Ames, IAC.C.L. Chase and C.S. Mark
South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD
![Page 2: Acute BVDV infections in non bovine species...• 2 to 4 week old white tail fawns Free of BVDV and antibodies to BVDV • 3 groups – 4 inoculated with Deer 1 (BVDV 2 strain) –](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043014/5fb0d77e749a3b234f2e52fc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
BVDV BVDV targets the targets the immune immune systemsystem
BB
BB
BB BB
BB
TT TT
TTBB
TT
TTTT
plasmaplasmacellcell
BB
![Page 3: Acute BVDV infections in non bovine species...• 2 to 4 week old white tail fawns Free of BVDV and antibodies to BVDV • 3 groups – 4 inoculated with Deer 1 (BVDV 2 strain) –](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043014/5fb0d77e749a3b234f2e52fc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Typical progression of acute infection in cattle
• Biphasic fever– First peak days 3 to 5, 2nd peak days 6 to 12
• Viremia– Virus isolated from buffy coat, serum and nasal swabs
between days 3 and 11
• Lymphocyte drop– Days 6 to 9
• Platelet drop (only with highly virulent)– Days 9 to 11
• Depression– Days 9 to 13
• Clinical disease– Days 9 to 13
• Recovery
![Page 4: Acute BVDV infections in non bovine species...• 2 to 4 week old white tail fawns Free of BVDV and antibodies to BVDV • 3 groups – 4 inoculated with Deer 1 (BVDV 2 strain) –](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043014/5fb0d77e749a3b234f2e52fc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
WBC at Day Six Post Infection
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
Virus
% B
asel
ine
valu
e
BVDV2-28508-5BVDV2-296BVDV2-BRSVBVDV2-1373
![Page 5: Acute BVDV infections in non bovine species...• 2 to 4 week old white tail fawns Free of BVDV and antibodies to BVDV • 3 groups – 4 inoculated with Deer 1 (BVDV 2 strain) –](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043014/5fb0d77e749a3b234f2e52fc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
3 viruses from field
• Two viruses from apparently “PI” deer
• One virus from acute outbreak of BVDV in pigs–High morbidity and death loss
![Page 6: Acute BVDV infections in non bovine species...• 2 to 4 week old white tail fawns Free of BVDV and antibodies to BVDV • 3 groups – 4 inoculated with Deer 1 (BVDV 2 strain) –](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043014/5fb0d77e749a3b234f2e52fc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
BVDV isolated from deer
• Isolated from two separate deer in South Dakota – submitted and found negative for CWD
• IHC similar to that seen with bovine PI
Deer 2BVDV1b-NY-1
BVDV1a-NADL
BVDV1a-Singer
BVDV1a-C24v
95.9%
86.8%
94.5%
84.1%
63.3%
BVDV2-890
BVDV2-296c
Deer 1
94.9%85.4%BVDV2
BVDV1b
BVDV1aBVDV1
![Page 7: Acute BVDV infections in non bovine species...• 2 to 4 week old white tail fawns Free of BVDV and antibodies to BVDV • 3 groups – 4 inoculated with Deer 1 (BVDV 2 strain) –](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043014/5fb0d77e749a3b234f2e52fc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Acute study in deer
• 2 to 4 week old white tail fawnsFree of BVDV and antibodies to BVDV
• 3 groups– 4 inoculated with Deer 1 (BVDV 2 strain)– 4 inoculated with Deer 2 (BVDV 1b strain)– 2 sham inoculated
• 3.5 mls 5.6x106 TCID/ml by oral/nasal route
• Temp daily, blood samples baseline, 3, 6, 9, 11, 13 days post inoculation
![Page 8: Acute BVDV infections in non bovine species...• 2 to 4 week old white tail fawns Free of BVDV and antibodies to BVDV • 3 groups – 4 inoculated with Deer 1 (BVDV 2 strain) –](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043014/5fb0d77e749a3b234f2e52fc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• No overt clinical disease• Input virus isolated on day 6 from both
groups• Both inoculated groups exhibited fever
and averaged > 50% decrease in circulating lymphocytes
• Fawns infected with BVDV 1 (type 2 BVDV) had statistically significant decreases in platelets.
Acute study in deer
![Page 9: Acute BVDV infections in non bovine species...• 2 to 4 week old white tail fawns Free of BVDV and antibodies to BVDV • 3 groups – 4 inoculated with Deer 1 (BVDV 2 strain) –](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043014/5fb0d77e749a3b234f2e52fc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Treatment group Number of days avg. temp for group > 102.5
Highest avg. daily temperature for group
Highest individual temperature recorded for group
Inoculated with Deer 1 isolate
7 103.5 104
Inoculated with Deer 2 isolate
6 103.5 105
Sham inoculated (control)
0 102.2 102.5
![Page 10: Acute BVDV infections in non bovine species...• 2 to 4 week old white tail fawns Free of BVDV and antibodies to BVDV • 3 groups – 4 inoculated with Deer 1 (BVDV 2 strain) –](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043014/5fb0d77e749a3b234f2e52fc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Circulating lymphocytes
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Baseline day 3 day 6 day 9 day 11 day 13
sampling date
% control 24272% control 20633
![Page 11: Acute BVDV infections in non bovine species...• 2 to 4 week old white tail fawns Free of BVDV and antibodies to BVDV • 3 groups – 4 inoculated with Deer 1 (BVDV 2 strain) –](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043014/5fb0d77e749a3b234f2e52fc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Pig virus experiment
•4 week old CD/CD pigs
•3 mls 106 TCID/ml oral/nasal route
•Observed for overt clinical disease
•Blood samples collected days 0, 3, 7, 9, 14 for counts
![Page 12: Acute BVDV infections in non bovine species...• 2 to 4 week old white tail fawns Free of BVDV and antibodies to BVDV • 3 groups – 4 inoculated with Deer 1 (BVDV 2 strain) –](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043014/5fb0d77e749a3b234f2e52fc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Day 3 Day 7 Day 9 Day 14 Day 16
Inoculated
Control
![Page 13: Acute BVDV infections in non bovine species...• 2 to 4 week old white tail fawns Free of BVDV and antibodies to BVDV • 3 groups – 4 inoculated with Deer 1 (BVDV 2 strain) –](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043014/5fb0d77e749a3b234f2e52fc/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Variant BVDV1b Mab panels
BindingBindingNo BindingNo Binding
![Page 14: Acute BVDV infections in non bovine species...• 2 to 4 week old white tail fawns Free of BVDV and antibodies to BVDV • 3 groups – 4 inoculated with Deer 1 (BVDV 2 strain) –](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043014/5fb0d77e749a3b234f2e52fc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Conclusions
• Decrease in lymphocytes observed with three different viruses in two different species
• Suggests possible immune suppression
![Page 15: Acute BVDV infections in non bovine species...• 2 to 4 week old white tail fawns Free of BVDV and antibodies to BVDV • 3 groups – 4 inoculated with Deer 1 (BVDV 2 strain) –](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043014/5fb0d77e749a3b234f2e52fc/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Thanks to
• Elizabeth Driskell• Margaret Walker• Adam Hansen• Bruce Grey• Nate Hansen• Sagar Goyal