JT Wunderlich PhD
Thanks to REDUCED COSTS of producing PV’s, and INCREASED EFFICIENCIES, most developed nations are increasingly using them to generate electricity !
- And 3rd-world countries, and remote locations away from a power grid, can use them for standalone systems
https://www.pv-magazine.de/2020/07/09/pilotprojekt-pv-sued-zur-photovoltaik-ueberdachung-fuer-autobahnen-gestartet/
ACTIVE SOLAR DESIGN (CH 8)Active means using technology
DECREASING COSTS of Photovoltaics (PV’s)
https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/is-CSP-doomed.
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Cadmium telluride (CdTe) photovoltaics describes a photovoltaic (PV) technology that is based on the use of cadmium telluride in a thin semiconductor layer designed to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity. Cadmium telluride PV is the only THIN FILM technology with lower costs than conventional solar cells made of crystalline silicon in multi-kilowatt systems. On a lifecycle basis, CdTe PV has the smallest carbon footprint, lowest water use and shortest energy payback time of any current photo voltaic technology. CdTe's energy payback time of less than a year allows for faster carbon reductions without short-term energy deficits.
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Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants produce electricity from the HEAT of the sun instead of by the PhotoVoltaic (PV) effect
https://solartribune.com/solar-power-plants/
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Solar-tower-concentrating-solar-power-plant-47_fig2_236594355
DECREASING COSTS of Photovoltaics (PV’s)
https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/is-CSP-doomed.
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JT Wunderlich PhD
JT Wunderlich PhD
INCREASED PV-CELL EFFICIENCIES
https://www.reutersevents.com/renewables/pv-insider/perovskite-cells-set-cut-pv-costs-manufacturing-ramps
JT Wunderlich PhD
ATOM: Smallest particle of a substance that can exist by itself or be combined with other atoms to form a molecule MOLECULE: Smallest particle of a substance that retains all properties of the substance and is composed of one or more atomsFrom: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/atom
:
CRYSTAL LATTICE STRUCTURE: a unique arrangement of atoms or molecules in a crystalline liquid or solid.[1] A crystal
structure describes a highly ordered structure, occurring due to the intrinsic nature of molecules to form symmetrical
patterns. A crystal structure can be thought of as an infinitely repeating array of 3D 'boxes', known as unit-cells.From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure
Anatomy of an Atom (Bohr Model); electrons circling a nucleus containing protons and neutrons.From: http://www.freethought-forum.com/forum/showthread.php?t=24978&garpg=2
Electrons are in shells (Energy Levels) around nucleus, with a certain number of electrons that fit into each shell. The outer shell is called the valence shell.
From: http://www.anatomyfacts.com/muscle/anatomy.htm
JT Wunderlich PhD
PERIODIC TABLE is a grid of every element that exists, arranged in order of atomic number, the number of protons each atom has in its nucleus. The rows are called PERIODS and all have the same number of shells; and the columns called GROUPS which all have the same number of electrons in their outermost shell. Hydrogen (H) is the first element because it has just one proton in its nucleus. Helium (He) is second, because it has two. As you go across a period, atoms get heavier, but also get smaller because the number of electron shells stays the same across the period, but the number of protons in the nucleus increases. The stronger, attractive force from the positively charged protons sucks the negatively charged electrons tighter into the centre.From http://www.infoplease.com/dk/science/encyclopedia/periodic-table.html
A SEMICONDUCTOR can be either a single element (like Silicon, Si), or a compound (like Galium Arsenide, GaAs) Semiconductors are not conductors of electricity like gold (a metal), and not an insulator which prevents electricity from flowing. Semiconductors are useful because they can be “doped” to control electrical properties and to make transistors, the basic building blocks of computers.
JT Wunderlich PhD
The Doping of SemiconductorsThe addition of a small percentage of foreign atoms in the
regular crystal lattice of silicon or germanium produces
dramatic changes in their electrical properties, producing
p-type semiconductors. Impurity atoms with 5 valence
electrons produce n-type semiconductors by contributing
extra electrons.
N-Type Semiconductor The addition of pentavalent
impurities such as antimony, arsenic or phosphorous contributes free electrons,
greatly increasing the conductivity of the intrinsic semiconductor. Phosphorous may
be added by diffusion of phosphine gas (PH3).
P-Type Semiconductor The addition of trivalent
impurities such as boron, aluminum or gallium to an intrinsic semiconductor creates
deficiencies of valence electrons, called "holes." It is typical to use B2H6 diborane
gas to diffuse boron into the silicon material.
From: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/dope.html#c3 :
Sharing of
election pairs
in a covalent
bonds bond
JT Wunderlich PhD
Silicon LATTICE STRUCTURE (un-Doped)From: http://www.irf.com/technical-info/guide/semi.html
Silicon LATTICE STRUCTURE (Doped)From: https://sites.google.com/site/reeetech/home/photovoltaic/silicon-cell
JT Wunderlich PhD
JT Wunderlich PhD
https://www.thesolarplanner.com/anatomy_pv_panel.html
JT Wunderlich PhD
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/In-photoelectric-effect-a-
material-emits-electrons-when-electromagnetic-radiation_fig3_221928565
https://www.livescience.com/58816-photoelectric-effect.html
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http://homework.uoregon.edu/pub/class/155/Canvas/pn.html
https://www.elprocus.com/photodiode-working-principle-applications/
https://courses.engr.illinois.edu/ece110/fa2020/content/courseNotes/files/?photodiodes
P-N JUNCTION
JT Wunderlich PhD
JT W
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http://engineering.electrical-equipment.org/power-quality/dc-danger-alert.html
http://www.dasstech.com/en/pv-inverter/
JT Wunderlich PhD
JT Wunderlich PhD
https://news.energysage.com/tesla-solar-panel-roof-the-next-
solar-shingles/
https://ecomarllc.com/649-2/
https://www.solstruction.com/
solar-wall
JT Wunderlich PhD
http://archive.glassonline.com/site/news/channelname/
Photovoltaic-glass/channel/19/id/27465
JT Wunderlich PhD
Other creative ways to use photovoltaics (PV’s)
https://architecturenow.co.nz/articles/harn
essing-sunshine-solar-architecture/
JT Wunderlich PhD
Other creative ways to use photovoltaics (PV’s)
https://architecturenow.co.nz/articles/harn
essing-sunshine-solar-architecture/
JT Wunderlich PhD
Other creative ways to use photovoltaics (PV’s)
https://architecturenow.co.nz/articles/harn
essing-sunshine-solar-architecture/
JT Wunderlich PhD
Other creative ways to use photovoltaics (PV’s)
https://architecturenow.co.nz/articles/harn
essing-sunshine-solar-architecture/
JT Wunderlich PhD
https://inhabitat.com/breaking-news-tesla-unveils-groundbreaking-new-solar-roof-system/
JT Wunderlich PhD
https://inhabitat.com/breaking-news-tesla-unveils-groundbreaking-new-solar-roof-system/
https://www.engadget.com/2016-11-19-six-innovative-solar-systems-that-go-beyond-standard-arrays.html
JT Wunderlich PhD
Other creative ways to use photovoltaics (PV’s)
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/285767538828502938/
JT Wunderlich PhD
Other creative ways to use photovoltaics (PV’s) –> GOOGLE “Solar Tree”
And MANY MANY MORE: https://www.google.com/search?q=solar+tree&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjm0bmfh9fsAhX7bDABHQ27Bl0Q2-cCegQIABAA&oq=solar+tree&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQDDIECAAQQzICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADoGCAAQBxAeULOfA1jHrQNgysIDaABwAHgAgAE1iAGGApIBATWYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mt
JT Wunderlich PhD
Other creative ways to use photovoltaics (PV’s)
https://www.industryweek.com/technology-and-iiot/energy/article/22020703/panasonic-joins-push-to-put-photovoltaics-
on-more-car-roofs
JT Wunderlich PhD
Other creative ways to use photovoltaics (PV’s)
http://cochlearimplantonline.com/site/batteries-will-no-longer-be-available-for-cochlear-implant-recipients/
JT Wunderlich PhD
1) Photovoltaics (all of above)
2) “SOLAR THERMAL HEATER,” for swimming pool -- using only water… No electricity involved .. other than pump• Just splice it into the existing filtration loop for the pool
https://www.cleanenergyauthority.com/solar-energy-
news/solar-pool-heaters-growing-business-061912
JT Wunderlich PhD
3) DOMESTIC “POTABLE” (i.e., drinkable)Solar THERMAL water heating
JT Wunderlich PhD
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdajPiQy628
4) VACUUM-TUBE
JT Wunderlich PhD
JT Wunderlich PhD
https://www.alternative-energy-tutorials.com/energy-
articles/solar-batch-water-heaters.html
NOTE:• All collector ORIENTATIONS are a function of Latitude• All collector SIZING is constantly changing with new technologies
JT Wunderlich PhD