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Achieving low-latency communications in future
wireless networks: the 5G NORMA approach
Alessandro Colazzo
Azcom Technology, Milan, Italy
2016/06/29 EuCNC 2016
EuCNC 2016
This work has been performed in the framework of H2020-ICT-2014-2 project 5G NORMA. The authors would like to acknowledgethe contributions of their colleagues, although the views expressedare those of the authors and do not necessarily represent theproject. This information reflects the consortium’s view, but theconsortium is not liable for any use that may be made of any of theinformation contained therein.
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5G NORMA Consortium
(Project Coordinator)
(Technical Manager)
5G NORMA in a nutshellEU funded R&D project within 5GPPP Initiative, aiming on building consensus on E2E mobile network architecture and rapid implementation
Duration July 1st, 2015 – Dec 31st, 2017 (30 months)
Project CoordinatorPeter Rost, Nokia
Connect to 5G NORMA Webpage: https://5gnorma.5g-ppp.eu/Twitter: 5G NORMA project @5G_NORMA 5GPPP: https://5g-ppp.eu/
Contact 5G [email protected]
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Outline• Motivation and objectives• Use Cases• Architecture • Innovations
– Soft-defined mobile network control– Flexible RAN
• Evaluation• Impact
Motivation and objectives
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Outline• Motivation and objectives• Use Cases• Architecture • Innovations
– Soft-defined mobile network control– Flexible RAN
• Evaluation• Impact
Motivation and objectives
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5G is not only about development of a new radio interface
The focus of 5G NORMA is on enabling new 5G business.
But 5G NORMA’s innovations will also help to increase wireless capacity, support very high terminal densities, lower latency, improve cost efficiency, lower energy consumption.
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3 Innovations enabling flexibility
Adaptive (de)composition and allocation of NFs
Joint optimization of RAN and CN
SW-defined Mobile Network Control (SDMC)
create the flexibility to
• adapt dynamically to daily fluctuations in traffic demand
• adapt to rapid load variations in small cells
• introduce new services and business models quickly
Joint optimization of mobile access and core network functions when located together in the network or
edge cloud
Adaptive (de)composition and allocation of mobile
network functions (c-plane and u-plane) between network
and edge cloud that depends on the service and deployment
Controller
Edge Cloud Network Cloud
RAN c-plane
5G NORMA interface
RAN u-plane
Software Defined Mobile network Control (SDMC) applies SDN principles
to mobile network functions
CN c-plane
CN u-plane
5G NORMA interface
Central Cloud
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Controller
Edge Cloud Network Cloud
RAN c-plane
5G NORMA interface
Tactile
Internet access
Vehicular
RAN u-plane
CN c-plane CN u-plane
5G NORMA interface
Tenant A Tenant B Tenant C
Mobile Network Multi-tenancy to support on-demand allocation of RAN and
CN resources in a fully multi-tenant environment
Multi-service- and context-aware adaptation of network functions to
support a variety of services and corresponding QoE/QoS requirements
Multi-service and multi-tenancy
Dedicated networks contained in slices can meet the need of different services and tenants:
• Service quality and performance
• Service-specific functionality
• Adaptation to available infrastructure
Central Cloud
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3. Joint optimization of mobile access/core network functions when located together
in the network or edge cloud
1. Software Defined Mobile network Control (SDMC)
applies SDN principles to mobile network
2. Adaptive (de)composition and allocation of mobile network functions (c-plane and u-plane) between network
and edge cloud that depends on the service and deployment
5 x 5G NORMA Innovations
5G NORMA interface
x
y
Controller
Tenant B Tenant CTenant A
Tactile
Internet Access
Vehicular
4. Multi-service- and context-aware adaptation of network functions
to support a variety of services and corresponding QoE/QoS requirements
5. Mobile Network Multi-tenancy to support on-demand allocation of edge
and network cloud resources in a fully multi-tenant environment
Edge Cloud Central Cloud
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Outline• Motivation and objectives• Use Cases• Architecture • Innovations
– Soft-defined mobile network control– Flexible RAN
• Evaluation• Impact
Use cases
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Use Cases selection and description
Use cases in 5G NORMA has been selected according to the following criteria:1. use cases are meaningful either from an
economic or from a societal viewpoint;2. use cases are not supported by 4G
technology or can be supported in a much more efficient way when introducing 5G technology;
3. use cases result in requirements that are relevant for the design of the 5G E2E network architecture;
4. use cases correspond to the use of the mobile networks to meet the needs of different market segments and verticals.
Use cases in 5G NORMA have been described by means of the following template: Use case description Physical Environment and Demand: Vertical sectors End-user Devices Benefits Relative to Legacy Networks End to End Business Model Requirements and KPIs Functional requirements Performance requirements KPIs
Sources
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5G-NORMA Use Cases selected
Industry Control
Enhanced Mobile Broadband
Emergency Communications
Vehicle Communications
Sensor Networks Monitoring
Traffic Jam
Real-time Remote Computing
Massive Nomadic Mobile Machine Type Communications
Quality-aware Communications
Fixed-Mobile Convergence
Blind Spots
Open Air Festival
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Why Network Slicing?
Meeting the requirements of such heterogeneous use cases needs purpose-built networks with specific topology = One dedicated network per service.
A network slice is a separate logical mobile network which delivers a set of services with similar characteristics and is isolated from other network slices.
Network slicing ‘requirements’• The infrastructure resources should be shared across many network slices• Some functions may be common to more than one network slice: RAN, HSS, mobility
management ...• Network slices isolation
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Outline• Motivation and objectives• Use Cases• Architecture • Innovations
– Soft-defined mobile network control– Flexible RAN
• Evaluation• Impact
Architecture
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5G NORMA Architecture Innovations and Views
• The “5 Innovations” of 5G NORMA1. Adaptive function (de)composition and
flexible placement
2. Joint optimization of access/core functions
3. Software defined mobile network control and orchestration (SDM C+O)
4. Multi-service and context-aware adaptation of network functions
5. Mobile network multi-tenancy
• Different architectural views for clarity– each highlighting specific aspects of 5G
NORMA architecture and innovations
Fun
ctio
nal
Vie
w
TopologicalView
Dep
loym
ent
Vie
w
ResourceView
SDM C+O
Function placement
Multi-service/ multi-
tenancy
Joint access/core optimization
Covering all layers: Control and Data Layer, Management & Orchestration, and Service
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How 5G Architecture should look like?C
on
tro
l La
yer
Fun
ctio
ns
Man
age
me
nt
& O
rch
est
rati
on
la
yer
Dat
aLa
yer
fun
ctio
ns
Serv
ice
laye
r
Dedicated data layer functions
Dedicated control layer functions
VNF
VNF VNF VNF
VNF VNF
PNF
PNF VNF
SDM Controller VNF
VNF
OSS
VIM
NBI
VNF VNF
SBI
EM
BSS & Policies decision
Applications & Services
NFV Orchestrator
VNF Manager
• Major consideration: e2e perspective of a network service
• Service Management: owned and operated by the tenant or the service provider, e2e ‘umbrella’ function
• SDM Controller is a key function in 5G NORMA. It controls the performances of PNFs and VNFs through its SBI. It exposes a NBI for ‘inserting/ reconfigure’ functions and resources assigned to the network slice. Time scale can be in the order of tens of milliseconds . In case that QoE/QoStargets cannot be met, the SDM-C may request re-orchestrationSDN-C and NF are owned and operated by service provider
• ETSI- NFV MANO seems sufficient in this simple case
• What about Network Slicing?
Template
Network Slice Blueprint Network graph
SLA template Service type, KPIs, etc
etc.
Service Management
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Dat
aLa
yer
fun
ctio
ns
Dedicated data layer functions
Co
ntr
ol
Laye
r Fu
nct
ion
s Dedicated control layer functions
Network Slicing based architectureSe
rvic
ela
yer
Dedicated data layer functions
Dedicated control layer functions
VNF
VNF VNF VNF
VNF VNF
PNF
PNF VNF
SDM Controller VNF
VNF
NBI
VNF VNF
SBI
BSS & Policies decision
Applications & Services
Man
age
me
nt
& O
rch
est
rati
on
la
yer
EM
OSS
VIM
EM
SDM Orchestrator
VNF Manager
Template
Network Slice Blueprint Network graph
SLA template Service type, KPIs, etc
etc.
• Service Management: owned and operated by the tenant or the service provider
• SDM Orchestrator: owned and operated by the service provider that operates the slice for the tenant (tenant and service provider may be the same)There is one instance per slice
• The VNF Manager is owned and operated by the service provider. There are multiple VNF-M instances per slice (typically per vendor)
• The Virtual Infrastructure Manager (VIM) is owned and operated by the infrastructure provider. one VIM per cloud (e.g. one for the edge and one for the central cloud)
Service Management
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5G NORMA ArchitectureSe
rvic
ela
yer
BSS & Policies decision
Applications & Services
Man
age
me
nt
& O
rch
est
rati
on
la
yer
EM
OSS
Service Management
VIM
EM
SDM Orchestrator
VNF Manager
Co
ntr
ol
laye
r
Common control layer functions
Dat
ala
yer
Dedicated data layer functions
Dedicated control layer functions
VNF
VNF VNF VNF
VNF VNF
PNF
Common data layer functions
PNF VNF
SDM-X
SBI
SDM-CVNF
VNF
NBI NBI
VNF VNF
SBI
Template
Network Slice Blueprint Network graph
SLA template Service type, KPIs, etc
etc.
• Service management
• manages an e2e slice instance
• handles the infrastructure allocation across network slices
• ‚dispatches‘ VNFs and PNFs
• Manages sharing policies
• VNFs and PNFs fully integrated
• Separation between dedicated and common NFs
• Multi-tenancy supported at service interface
D
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Topological view• Concrete illustration of
network deployment and function placement
• Shows mapping of functions to geographical locations
• May be used to display per instance/per location properties
– functions allocated
– space demand
– link capacity and latency
Virtual NW
Virtual NW
Edge Cloud
Bare Metal
Edge Cloud
Central Cloud
VNFVNF
PNF
VNF
Controllers
Bare Metal
PNF
VIM
VIM
VIM Agent
VIM AgentVIM AgentVIM Agent
VIM AgentVIM AgentVIM Agent
OrchestratorOrchestrators
NF ManagerEM&VNF Managers
ControllerControllers
NF ManagerEM &VNF Managers
Controllers
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Outline• Motivation and objectives• Use Cases• Architecture • Innovations
– Software-defined mobile network control– Flexible RAN
• Evaluation• Impact
Software-defined mobile network control
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SDMC: Flexible Service Creation
5G NORMA interface
x
y
Controller
New Scheduler policies
SDMC
UE1
UE5UE3
UE2
UE4
Legacy Scheduler
UE1
UE2
SDMC allows flexible scheduler reconfiguration. New services, like low latency ones (autonomous driving) are easily supported while reducing the
service creation time from 90 hours to 90 minutesUE1
UE2 UE3
UE4
UE5
Service-Aware Scheduler
Edge Cloud Central Cloud
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Outline• Motivation and objectives• Use Cases• Architecture • Innovations
– Soft-defined mobile network control– Flexible RAN
• Evaluation• Impact
Flexible RAN
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Flexible function allocation
• Flexible placement of network functions
Nodes: general purposeprocessors
Virtualized NetworkFunctions (VNFs)
U
U-plane CN
C-plane CN
U-plane RAN
C-plane RANC
U
C
U C U C
Internet access
U C U C
tactile Internet
U C U C
Vehicular communications
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CN/RAN split• Flexible CN/RAN split
– As a result of the flexible network allocation, CN and RAN functions no longer (necessarily) reside in different nodes
– The borderline between CN/RAN is blurred– CN and RAN functions may be co-located in the edge
cloud or in the network cloud
• CN/RAN interface– The optimal CN/RAN interface may depend on the
function allocation– If CN and RAN reside in the same locations, we can benefit
from exchanging large amount of data at low latencies– If CN and RAN reside in different locations, the interface
needs to be adapted to throughput/latency constraints– Even when co-located, different functionality can be
provided depending on the location of both functions
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Use case 1: Broadband Internet
• CN/RAN are co-located in the central cloud– A large amount of information can be exchanged with a low latency
• This gives an opportunity to optimize performance– Mobility and scheduling can be jointly optimized– Traditionally, mobility decisions are taken at the CN ignoring scheduling data,
and scheduling is then optimized taking mobility decisions as constraints– The traditional approach thus only provides sub-optimal performance (two
separate optimization problems instead of joint optimization)
U C U C
Edge cloud Central cloud
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Use case 2: Vehicular communications
• CN/RAN are co-located in the edge cloud– RAN functionality is place in the edge cloud to satisfy low latency
requirements – CN functionality may be co-located in the edge cloud as there are
no session continuity requirements
• The interface may be simplified– CN functionality may be limited in this use case as there is no need
for full-fledged mobility protocols
Edge cloud Central cloud
U C U C
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Use case 3: Tactile Internet
• CN/RAN functions are separated– Traditional split
• The interface involves signaling between different nodes– Communication between CN functions (e.g., mobility) and RAN
functions (e.g., scheduling) needs to be limited to avoid too high signaling overload
– Potentially high latencies also have an impact on the interaction between RAN and CN functions
Edge cloud Central cloud
U C U C
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Outline• Motivation and objectives• Use Cases• Architecture • Innovations
– Soft-defined mobile network control– Flexible RAN
• Evaluation• Impact
Evaluation
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5G NORMA Architecture design validation
Functional Requirement
Groups
Performance Requirements
(KPIs)
Multi-ServiceScenario framework
Multi-TenantScenario framework
V2X + mMTCTraffic Jam @
Open Air FestivalFlexible Service
Applications Simulation Models
Traffic Models
Use Cases (Service, Covergage,
Performance)
5G NORMAScenarios
Design principles
(Implementation support)
Combined use cases
5G NORMA scenarios evaluation by means of simulations and demonstrations
5G NORMA architecture validation based on identified requirements and design principles
Examples
Test Case
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PoC - Hardware Demo
Control Laptop
Control Interface
Driver’stablet
Toy car commanded
via low-latency LTE
Driver’s wireless commands via LTE
Azcom’s low-latency eNB+ EPC
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LTE eNB (standard deployment)
MME
S-GW, P-GW
eNB
4-cores DSP
GTP-U
ARM
MAC PHY
PDCPRLC
RRC
RRM/SON
NETCP
S1-AP
GTP-U
Eth L1
, MA
C S1-AP
Eth L1
, MA
C
UDP/IP
SCTP/IPEth
L1, M
AC
NAS
SCTP/IP
UDP/IP
OAM
CPRI
C-P messagesS1
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LTE eNB (low latency deployment)
MME
eNB
4-cores DSP
ARM
MAC PHY
PDCPRLC
RRC
RRM/SON
NETCP
S1-AP
Was GTP-U
Eth L1
, MA
C S1-APSCTP/
IP
Eth L1
, MA
C
NAS
SCTP/IP
UDP/IP
OAM
CPRI
C-P messages
S-GW, P-GW
GTP-U
SGito PDN
S1
SGito PDN
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Outline• Motivation and objectives• Use Cases• Architecture • Innovations
– Soft-defined mobile network control– Flexible RAN
• Evaluation• Impact
Impact
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Conclusions
5G NORMA will develop an innovative network concept
• allowing to support multiple services and tenants according to their specific needs,
• with great flexibility and adaptability
• covering RAN and data center infrastructure
• based on network slicing.
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Thank you!
https://5gnorma.5g-ppp.eu/
https://goo.gl/hGfa8
5G NORMA project @5G_NORMA
facebook.com/5GNORMA
https://5g-ppp.eu/