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A Revision of Historical Geology
Vicki Harder Mary Dowse
Department of Natural Sciences
Western New Mexico University
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Current Approach
• Geologic Principles
• History of Earth
Western New Mexico University
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The Problem
Students frequently don’t make the connection between the principles and history.
Western New Mexico University
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Big Ideas & Understandings
1. Science is based on evidence.
Western New Mexico University
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Big Ideas & Understandings
1. Science is based on evidence. 2. Earth has a long history.
Western New Mexico University
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Big Ideas & Understandings
1. Science is based on evidence. 2. Earth has a long history. 3. Earth has changed through time.
Western New Mexico University
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Big Ideas & Understandings
1. Science is based on evidence. 2. Earth has a long history. 3. Earth has changed through time.
4. The history of Earth is recorded in the sedimentary archives.
Western New Mexico University
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Significant Events
1. Formation of the Earth • Solar nebula • Differen.a.on of the Earth
• Atmosphere and oceans • Meteorite bombardment
Western New Mexico University
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Significant Events
2. Appearance of Life • Archean environment • Nature of early life
• Prokaryote to eukaryote
Western New Mexico University
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Significant Events
3. Snowball Earth 4. Oxygenation of the atmosphere 5. Rodinia
6. Cambrian explosion 7. Trilobites and brachiopods
Western New Mexico University
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Significant Events
8. Leaving the water 9. Formation of Pangea 10. Permian extinction
11. Dinosaurs, ammonites, and flowers 12. Cordilleran evolution
Western New Mexico University
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Significant Events
13. K-Pg extinction 14. Evolution of mammals 15. Evolution of hominids
16. Pleistocene glaciation
Western New Mexico University
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Western New Mexico University
Science is based on evidence!
Significant Events
Earth has a long history!
Earth has changed! History is
in the sediment
How do we know?
Lots has happened!
Poten.al for great change
Rocks tell a story
Evidence?
Observa.ons
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Revised Course Outline
• Introduction to Class • Introduction to HG
• Reading the Rocks • Precambrian: Archean
• Life
• Precambrian: Proteorzoic
• Geologic Time • Plate Tectonics
• Paleozoic Era • Mesozoic Era
• Extinctions
• Cenozoic Era
Western New Mexico University
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Revised Course Outline
Introduction to Class NEW: Google Earth exercise, measure from where they work or live to the department. REVISED: Superposition exercise to cover the scientific method.
Western New Mexico University
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Revised Course Outline
Introduction to Historical Geology NEW: Reference Letter
REVISED: Geologic time scale activities
Reading the Rocks: moved lithofacies exercise from Paleozoic.
Western New Mexico University
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Revised Course Outline
Precambrian: Archean NEW: Meteorite impacts
NEW: Chaos
Life
NEW: Evolution lab
Western New Mexico University
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Revised Course Outline
Precambrian: Proterozoic NEW: miniGEEBITT
NEW: Timeline (this was done for each era)
Plate Tectonics REVISED: Sea floor spreading activity converted to Google Earth exercise
Western New Mexico University
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Revised Course Outline
Paleozoic Era NEW: Cayuga Lake Basin correlation of outcrops
NEW: Biostratigraphy
Extinctions NEW: Mass extinction—needs revision
Western New Mexico University
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Revised Course Outline
Cenozoic Era NEW: Evolution of the Horse
NEW: Cenozoic climate analysis
Western New Mexico University
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Conclusions
• Student comprehension seemed to improve. • There was an emphasis on evolution but no
complaints.
• The activities were interesting to the students and instructor.
• Won’t go back to the old method.
Western New Mexico University