Download - A Report by: Ballitoc, Beverley Macalisang, Marielle Valdez, Jeteeca Zapata, Diane Mauritz
A general process of administrative action It is to pursue one’s objectives through a
specific design
It is the creation of a delivery system of a policy. It is the process in which policies upheld by the
government are enacted upon by the pertinent agencies.
What happens (or should happen) when a bill becomes a law
What happens after a bill becomes a law
Carrying policies… into effect in an endeavor to accomplish their goals
Neither a routine nor a highly predictable process.
Government Agencies◦ perform most of the day to day work of the
government◦ Tasks: filling in the details, making policy more
precise and concrete, make more definitive adjustments among conflicting interest.
The Legislature◦ Can make policy as stringent or as vague as
possible◦ Senatorial Approval (Ex. Appointments)
The Judiciary◦ Some legislation is enforced primarily through
judicial action◦ Judicial interpretation and application of the Statute◦ Review of administrative decisions, rules and
regulations Pressure Groups
◦ Group struggle shifts from legislative to administrative arena.
◦ May complain to the Executive or Congress if a statute is not being implemented (in accordance to the intent of the Congress)
Community Organizations◦ Local level
A variety of participants may have a hand in administration of a given policy.Political PartiesCommunications MediaExecutive-staff agencies
Top-Down◦ Structural Approach◦ Procedural and Managerial Approach◦ Behavioral Approach◦ Political Approach
Bottom-Up
Alternative Approach
The top-down approach involves
understanding the goals and motivations of
the highest level initiators of policy and
tracking the policy implementation from the
lowest level.
The goals, motivations and the capabilities
of the lowest level implementers should be
understood and following the policy design
upward to the highest level initiators of
policy.
the organizational design and its relation to
policy design.
there must be appropriate organizational
structures for particular tasks and
environments.
focuses on the processes and procedure. The Procedural approach involves three
sequential steps in the implementation stage: (1) incorporate task sequences in a designed programme,
(2) mobilizing appropriate structures and staffing, and
(3) appropriate scheduling, monitoring, and control devices.
acknowledges the limitation in adjustments to structures and procedures.
recognizes that there is often a resistance to change.
There is a need to study and understand this resistance to minimize it as an impediment to implementation.
The main aim of this approach is to foster the trust of the people in the managers (of implementation).
AGENCY
Executive
Pressure Groups
Other Agencies Other Governments
Communications Media
Political Parties
Judiciary Congress
Four Classes of Implementation◦Policy and Policy Process (Procedural)
◦Organizations and their milieu (Structural)
◦Agents (Behavioral)
◦Conditions within the Implementation Environment (Political)
Assumption that policy meanings are shared by authors, implementers and managers A PRIORI
Too much focus on GOVERNMENTAL ENTITIES