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A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP
Hitoshi Omori
Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceDepartment of Philosophy, Kyoto University
Prague Seminar on Non-Classical MathematicsInstitute of Computer Science
Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicJune 12, 2015
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 1 / 32
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Outline
1 Background
2 Logic: a dialetheic expansion of LP
3 Naive set theory: a rough sketch
4 Conclusion
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 2 / 32
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Outline
1 Background
2 Logic: a dialetheic expansion of LP
3 Naive set theory: a rough sketch
4 Conclusion
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 3 / 32
![Page 4: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The problem
Problem of naive set theory
It is proved by Russell that
Axiom (COMP) of naive set theory and
classical logic
are incompatible in the sense that theory turns out to be trivial.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 4 / 32
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The problem
Problem of naive set theory
It is proved by Curry that
Axiom (COMP) of naive set theory and
classical positive logic
are incompatible in the sense that theory turns out to be trivial.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 5 / 32
![Page 6: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Dialetheic approach!
Priest’s motivation
I wish to claim that (COMP) and (EXT) are true, and in fact that theyanalytically characterise the notion of set. [In Contradiction, p.30]
Call for dialetheias
There are true contradictions (dialetheias) such as R ∈ R ∧ ∼(R ∈ R).
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 6 / 32
![Page 7: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Dialetheic approach!
Priest’s motivation
I wish to claim that (COMP) and (EXT) are true, and in fact that theyanalytically characterise the notion of set. [In Contradiction, p.30]
Call for dialetheias
There are true contradictions (dialetheias) such as R ∈ R ∧ ∼(R ∈ R).
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 6 / 32
![Page 8: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Dialetheic approach!
Priest’s motivation
I wish to claim that (COMP) and (EXT) are true, and in fact that theyanalytically characterise the notion of set. [In Contradiction, p.30]
Call for dialetheias
There are true contradictions (dialetheias) such as R ∈ R ∧ ∼(R ∈ R).
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 6 / 32
![Page 9: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Dialetheism requires paraconsistent logic
Which paraconsistent logic?
Stanis law Jaskowski (1948)
Newton da Costa (1960s)
Alan Anderson & Nuel Belnap (1975)
Graham Priest (1979)
etc.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 7 / 32
![Page 10: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Dialetheism requires paraconsistent logic
Which paraconsistent logic?
Stanis law Jaskowski (1948)
Newton da Costa (1960s)
Alan Anderson & Nuel Belnap (1975)
Graham Priest (1979)
etc.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 7 / 32
![Page 11: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Dialetheism requires paraconsistent logic
Which paraconsistent logic?
Stanis law Jaskowski (1948)
Newton da Costa (1960s)
Alan Anderson & Nuel Belnap (1975)
Graham Priest (1979)
etc.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 7 / 32
![Page 12: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Dialetheism requires paraconsistent logic
Which paraconsistent logic?
Stanis law Jaskowski (1948)
Newton da Costa (1960s)
Alan Anderson & Nuel Belnap (1975)
Graham Priest (1979)
etc.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 7 / 32
![Page 13: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Dialetheism requires paraconsistent logic
Which paraconsistent logic?
Stanis law Jaskowski (1948)
Newton da Costa (1960s)
Alan Anderson & Nuel Belnap (1975)
Graham Priest (1979)
etc.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 7 / 32
![Page 14: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Dialetheism requires paraconsistent logic
Which paraconsistent logic?
Stanis law Jaskowski (1948)
Newton da Costa (1960s)
Alan Anderson & Nuel Belnap (1975)
Graham Priest (1979)
etc.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 7 / 32
![Page 15: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
A worry on da Costa’s systems by Priest
Priest’s criticism against da Costa systems and Boolean negation
And in da Costa systems, Ci , for finite i , an operator behaving likeclassical negation, ¬∗ can be defined. The usual arguments establishcontradictions of the form A ∧ ¬∗A, and so again the theoriesexplode. [PL, pp.350–351]
If one takes it that a dialetheic solution to the semantic paradoxes iscorrect, one must deny the coherence of Boolean negation. [DTBL,p.88]
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 8 / 32
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A worry on da Costa’s systems by Priest
Priest’s criticism against da Costa systems and Boolean negation
And in da Costa systems, Ci , for finite i , an operator behaving likeclassical negation, ¬∗ can be defined. The usual arguments establishcontradictions of the form A ∧ ¬∗A, and so again the theoriesexplode. [PL, pp.350–351]
If one takes it that a dialetheic solution to the semantic paradoxes iscorrect, one must deny the coherence of Boolean negation. [DTBL,p.88]
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 8 / 32
![Page 17: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
A worry on da Costa’s systems by Priest
Priest’s criticism against da Costa systems and Boolean negation
And in da Costa systems, Ci , for finite i , an operator behaving likeclassical negation, ¬∗ can be defined. The usual arguments establishcontradictions of the form A ∧ ¬∗A, and so again the theoriesexplode. [PL, pp.350–351]
If one takes it that a dialetheic solution to the semantic paradoxes iscorrect, one must deny the coherence of Boolean negation. [DTBL,p.88]
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 8 / 32
![Page 18: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
An observation
Priest can love da Costa! (Omori, 2015)
Take LP-based naive set theory (Restall, 1992).
Add the consistency operator to LP to get LFI1.
Keep the comprehension as it is in LP-based theory.
Naive set theory based on LFI1 is non-trivial by following the proof ofRestall!
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 9 / 32
![Page 19: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
An observation
Priest can love da Costa! (Omori, 2015)
Take LP-based naive set theory (Restall, 1992).
Add the consistency operator to LP to get LFI1.
Keep the comprehension as it is in LP-based theory.
Naive set theory based on LFI1 is non-trivial by following the proof ofRestall!
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 9 / 32
![Page 20: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
An observation
Priest can love da Costa! (Omori, 2015)
Take LP-based naive set theory (Restall, 1992).
Add the consistency operator to LP to get LFI1.
Keep the comprehension as it is in LP-based theory.
Naive set theory based on LFI1 is non-trivial by following the proof ofRestall!
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 9 / 32
![Page 21: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
An observation
Priest can love da Costa! (Omori, 2015)
Take LP-based naive set theory (Restall, 1992).
Add the consistency operator to LP to get LFI1.
Keep the comprehension as it is in LP-based theory.
Naive set theory based on LFI1 is non-trivial by following the proof ofRestall!
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 9 / 32
![Page 22: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Question: which logic shall we use?
If Priest can love da Costa . . .
Now we have even more options to choose an underlying logic!
What is logic?
In the context of considering formal theories, one may view propositionallogic as the most abstract structure in the following sense.
As an illustration, consider arithmetic.
First, strip off all the axioms unique to arithmetic. This leaves us withpredicate logic.
Second, ignore the internal structure of the sentences. This leaves uswith the propositional logic.
Then, in the case of classical arithmetic, we have > in propositional logic.But what is the characteristic feature of dialetheic theories?
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 10 / 32
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Question: which logic shall we use?
If Priest can love da Costa . . .
Now we have even more options to choose an underlying logic!
What is logic?
In the context of considering formal theories, one may view propositionallogic as the most abstract structure in the following sense.
As an illustration, consider arithmetic.
First, strip off all the axioms unique to arithmetic. This leaves us withpredicate logic.
Second, ignore the internal structure of the sentences. This leaves uswith the propositional logic.
Then, in the case of classical arithmetic, we have > in propositional logic.But what is the characteristic feature of dialetheic theories?
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 10 / 32
![Page 24: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Question: which logic shall we use?
If Priest can love da Costa . . .
Now we have even more options to choose an underlying logic!
What is logic?
In the context of considering formal theories, one may view propositionallogic as the most abstract structure in the following sense.
As an illustration, consider arithmetic.
First, strip off all the axioms unique to arithmetic. This leaves us withpredicate logic.
Second, ignore the internal structure of the sentences. This leaves uswith the propositional logic.
Then, in the case of classical arithmetic, we have > in propositional logic.But what is the characteristic feature of dialetheic theories?
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 10 / 32
![Page 25: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Question: which logic shall we use?
If Priest can love da Costa . . .
Now we have even more options to choose an underlying logic!
What is logic?
In the context of considering formal theories, one may view propositionallogic as the most abstract structure in the following sense.
As an illustration, consider arithmetic.
First, strip off all the axioms unique to arithmetic. This leaves us withpredicate logic.
Second, ignore the internal structure of the sentences. This leaves uswith the propositional logic.
Then, in the case of classical arithmetic, we have > in propositional logic.But what is the characteristic feature of dialetheic theories?
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 10 / 32
![Page 26: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Question: which logic shall we use?
If Priest can love da Costa . . .
Now we have even more options to choose an underlying logic!
What is logic?
In the context of considering formal theories, one may view propositionallogic as the most abstract structure in the following sense.
As an illustration, consider arithmetic.
First, strip off all the axioms unique to arithmetic. This leaves us withpredicate logic.
Second, ignore the internal structure of the sentences. This leaves uswith the propositional logic.
Then, in the case of classical arithmetic, we have > in propositional logic.But what is the characteristic feature of dialetheic theories?
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 10 / 32
![Page 27: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Question: which logic shall we use?
If Priest can love da Costa . . .
Now we have even more options to choose an underlying logic!
What is logic?
In the context of considering formal theories, one may view propositionallogic as the most abstract structure in the following sense.
As an illustration, consider arithmetic.
First, strip off all the axioms unique to arithmetic. This leaves us withpredicate logic.
Second, ignore the internal structure of the sentences. This leaves uswith the propositional logic.
Then, in the case of classical arithmetic, we have > in propositional logic.But what is the characteristic feature of dialetheic theories?
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 10 / 32
![Page 28: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Question: which logic shall we use?
If Priest can love da Costa . . .
Now we have even more options to choose an underlying logic!
What is logic?
In the context of considering formal theories, one may view propositionallogic as the most abstract structure in the following sense.
As an illustration, consider arithmetic.
First, strip off all the axioms unique to arithmetic. This leaves us withpredicate logic.
Second, ignore the internal structure of the sentences. This leaves uswith the propositional logic.
Then, in the case of classical arithmetic, we have > in propositional logic.But what is the characteristic feature of dialetheic theories?
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 10 / 32
![Page 29: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Question: which logic shall we use?
If Priest can love da Costa . . .
Now we have even more options to choose an underlying logic!
What is logic?
In the context of considering formal theories, one may view propositionallogic as the most abstract structure in the following sense.
As an illustration, consider arithmetic.
First, strip off all the axioms unique to arithmetic. This leaves us withpredicate logic.
Second, ignore the internal structure of the sentences. This leaves uswith the propositional logic.
Then, in the case of classical arithmetic, we have > in propositional logic.But what is the characteristic feature of dialetheic theories?
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 10 / 32
![Page 30: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Question: which logic shall we use?
If Priest can love da Costa . . .
Now we have even more options to choose an underlying logic!
What is logic?
In the context of considering formal theories, one may view propositionallogic as the most abstract structure in the following sense.
As an illustration, consider arithmetic.
First, strip off all the axioms unique to arithmetic. This leaves us withpredicate logic.
Second, ignore the internal structure of the sentences. This leaves uswith the propositional logic.
Then, in the case of classical arithmetic, we have > in propositional logic.But what is the characteristic feature of dialetheic theories?
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 10 / 32
![Page 31: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Question: which logic shall we use?
CL?
No, since we need to deal with contradictions.
FDE?
No, since we wish to take realistic attitude toward mathematics.
LP?
No, since we want to keep the possibility of truth-untruth talk.
LP plus ‘◦’?
No, since we want to reflect the presence of dialetheias, just as we havejust true and just false sentences.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 11 / 32
![Page 32: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Question: which logic shall we use?
CL?
No, since we need to deal with contradictions.
FDE?
No, since we wish to take realistic attitude toward mathematics.
LP?
No, since we want to keep the possibility of truth-untruth talk.
LP plus ‘◦’?
No, since we want to reflect the presence of dialetheias, just as we havejust true and just false sentences.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 11 / 32
![Page 33: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Question: which logic shall we use?
CL?
No, since we need to deal with contradictions.
FDE?
No, since we wish to take realistic attitude toward mathematics.
LP?
No, since we want to keep the possibility of truth-untruth talk.
LP plus ‘◦’?
No, since we want to reflect the presence of dialetheias, just as we havejust true and just false sentences.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 11 / 32
![Page 34: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Question: which logic shall we use?
CL?
No, since we need to deal with contradictions.
FDE?
No, since we wish to take realistic attitude toward mathematics.
LP?
No, since we want to keep the possibility of truth-untruth talk.
LP plus ‘◦’?
No, since we want to reflect the presence of dialetheias, just as we havejust true and just false sentences.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 11 / 32
![Page 35: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Question: which logic shall we use?
CL?
No, since we need to deal with contradictions.
FDE?
No, since we wish to take realistic attitude toward mathematics.
LP?
No, since we want to keep the possibility of truth-untruth talk.
LP plus ‘◦’?
No, since we want to reflect the presence of dialetheias, just as we havejust true and just false sentences.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 11 / 32
![Page 36: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Question: which logic shall we use?
CL?
No, since we need to deal with contradictions.
FDE?
No, since we wish to take realistic attitude toward mathematics.
LP?
No, since we want to keep the possibility of truth-untruth talk.
LP plus ‘◦’?
No, since we want to reflect the presence of dialetheias, just as we havejust true and just false sentences.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 11 / 32
![Page 37: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Question: which logic shall we use?
CL?
No, since we need to deal with contradictions.
FDE?
No, since we wish to take realistic attitude toward mathematics.
LP?
No, since we want to keep the possibility of truth-untruth talk.
LP plus ‘◦’?
No, since we want to reflect the presence of dialetheias, just as we havejust true and just false sentences.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 11 / 32
![Page 38: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Question: which logic shall we use?
CL?
No, since we need to deal with contradictions.
FDE?
No, since we wish to take realistic attitude toward mathematics.
LP?
No, since we want to keep the possibility of truth-untruth talk.
LP plus ‘◦’?
No, since we want to reflect the presence of dialetheias, just as we havejust true and just false sentences.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 11 / 32
![Page 39: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Outline
1 Background
2 Logic: a dialetheic expansion of LP
3 Naive set theory: a rough sketch
4 Conclusion
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 12 / 32
![Page 40: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Preliminaries
Definition
The languages L, L⊥ and L◦ consist of a denumerable set, Prop, and theset of logical symbols {∼,∧,∨,→}, {∼,∧,∨,→,⊥} and {∼,∧,∨,→, ◦}respectively.
Definition
CLuNs in L consists of the following axioms plus CL+:
A ∨ ∼A ∼(A ∧ B)↔(∼A ∨ ∼B) ∼(A ∨ B)↔(∼A ∧ ∼B)∼∼A↔A ∼(A → B)↔(A ∧ ∼B)
CLuNs⊥ in L⊥ consists of the following axioms plus CLuNs:
⊥ → A A → ∼⊥LFI1 in L◦ consists of the following axioms plus CLuNs:
◦A → ((A ∧ ∼A) → B) ∼◦A↔(A ∧ ∼A)
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 13 / 32
![Page 41: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Preliminaries
Definition
The languages L, L⊥ and L◦ consist of a denumerable set, Prop, and theset of logical symbols {∼,∧,∨,→}, {∼,∧,∨,→,⊥} and {∼,∧,∨,→, ◦}respectively.
Definition
CLuNs in L consists of the following axioms plus CL+:
A ∨ ∼A ∼(A ∧ B)↔(∼A ∨ ∼B) ∼(A ∨ B)↔(∼A ∧ ∼B)∼∼A↔A ∼(A → B)↔(A ∧ ∼B)
CLuNs⊥ in L⊥ consists of the following axioms plus CLuNs:
⊥ → A A → ∼⊥LFI1 in L◦ consists of the following axioms plus CLuNs:
◦A → ((A ∧ ∼A) → B) ∼◦A↔(A ∧ ∼A)
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 13 / 32
![Page 42: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Preliminaries
Definition
The languages L, L⊥ and L◦ consist of a denumerable set, Prop, and theset of logical symbols {∼,∧,∨,→}, {∼,∧,∨,→,⊥} and {∼,∧,∨,→, ◦}respectively.
Definition
CLuNs in L consists of the following axioms plus CL+:
A ∨ ∼A ∼(A ∧ B)↔(∼A ∨ ∼B) ∼(A ∨ B)↔(∼A ∧ ∼B)∼∼A↔A ∼(A → B)↔(A ∧ ∼B)
CLuNs⊥ in L⊥ consists of the following axioms plus CLuNs:
⊥ → A A → ∼⊥LFI1 in L◦ consists of the following axioms plus CLuNs:
◦A → ((A ∧ ∼A) → B) ∼◦A↔(A ∧ ∼A)
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 13 / 32
![Page 43: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Preliminaries
Definition
The languages L, L⊥ and L◦ consist of a denumerable set, Prop, and theset of logical symbols {∼,∧,∨,→}, {∼,∧,∨,→,⊥} and {∼,∧,∨,→, ◦}respectively.
Definition
CLuNs in L consists of the following axioms plus CL+:
A ∨ ∼A ∼(A ∧ B)↔(∼A ∨ ∼B) ∼(A ∨ B)↔(∼A ∧ ∼B)∼∼A↔A ∼(A → B)↔(A ∧ ∼B)
CLuNs⊥ in L⊥ consists of the following axioms plus CLuNs:
⊥ → A A → ∼⊥LFI1 in L◦ consists of the following axioms plus CLuNs:
◦A → ((A ∧ ∼A) → B) ∼◦A↔(A ∧ ∼A)
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 13 / 32
![Page 44: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Dialetheic extension of LFI1
Definition
A logic L is dialetheic iff for some A, `L A and `L ∼A.
Fact
LFI1 is not dialetheic.
Definition
Let dLP be a variant of LFI1 obtained by replacing
∼(A → B)↔(A ∧ ∼B)
by∼(A → B)↔(A → ∼B).
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 14 / 32
![Page 45: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Dialetheic extension of LFI1
Definition
A logic L is dialetheic iff for some A, `L A and `L ∼A.
Fact
LFI1 is not dialetheic.
Definition
Let dLP be a variant of LFI1 obtained by replacing
∼(A → B)↔(A ∧ ∼B)
by∼(A → B)↔(A → ∼B).
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 14 / 32
![Page 46: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Dialetheic extension of LFI1
Definition
A logic L is dialetheic iff for some A, `L A and `L ∼A.
Fact
LFI1 is not dialetheic.
Definition
Let dLP be a variant of LFI1 obtained by replacing
∼(A → B)↔(A ∧ ∼B)
by∼(A → B)↔(A → ∼B).
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 14 / 32
![Page 47: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
An excursion: connexive logic
Remark
The new axiom is not new, but used by Heinrich Wansing in developing asystem of connexive logic C. Connexive logics has theorems such as:
∼(∼A → A), ∼(A → ∼A): Aristotle’s theses,
(A → B) → ∼(A → ∼B): Boethius’ theses.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 15 / 32
![Page 48: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
An excursion: connexive logic
Remark
The new axiom is not new, but used by Heinrich Wansing in developing asystem of connexive logic C. Connexive logics has theorems such as:
∼(∼A → A), ∼(A → ∼A): Aristotle’s theses,
(A → B) → ∼(A → ∼B): Boethius’ theses.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 15 / 32
![Page 49: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
An excursion: connexive logic
Remark
The new axiom is not new, but used by Heinrich Wansing in developing asystem of connexive logic C. Connexive logics has theorems such as:
∼(∼A → A), ∼(A → ∼A): Aristotle’s theses,
(A → B) → ∼(A → ∼B): Boethius’ theses.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 15 / 32
![Page 50: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
An excursion: connexive logic
Remark
The new axiom is not new, but used by Heinrich Wansing in developing asystem of connexive logic C. Connexive logics has theorems such as:
∼(∼A → A), ∼(A → ∼A): Aristotle’s theses,
(A → B) → ∼(A → ∼B): Boethius’ theses.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 15 / 32
![Page 51: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Basic results (I)
Proposition
`dLP ∼¬A for any A where ¬A = A → ⊥ is a classical negation.
6`dLP ∼¬∗A for some A where ¬∗A = ∼A∧◦A is a classical negation.
Propsition
dLP is dialetheic and connexive. In particular, we have the followingtheorems:
`dLP (A ∧ ¬A) → B
`dLP ∼((A ∧ ¬A) → B)
`dLP ∼(∼A → A) (Aristotle’s thesis)
`dLP (A → B) → ∼(A → ∼B) (Boethius’ thesis)
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 16 / 32
![Page 52: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Basic results (I)
Proposition
`dLP ∼¬A for any A where ¬A = A → ⊥ is a classical negation.
6`dLP ∼¬∗A for some A where ¬∗A = ∼A∧◦A is a classical negation.
Propsition
dLP is dialetheic and connexive. In particular, we have the followingtheorems:
`dLP (A ∧ ¬A) → B
`dLP ∼((A ∧ ¬A) → B)
`dLP ∼(∼A → A) (Aristotle’s thesis)
`dLP (A → B) → ∼(A → ∼B) (Boethius’ thesis)
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 16 / 32
![Page 53: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Basic results (I)
Proposition
`dLP ∼¬A for any A where ¬A = A → ⊥ is a classical negation.
6`dLP ∼¬∗A for some A where ¬∗A = ∼A∧◦A is a classical negation.
Propsition
dLP is dialetheic and connexive. In particular, we have the followingtheorems:
`dLP (A ∧ ¬A) → B
`dLP ∼((A ∧ ¬A) → B)
`dLP ∼(∼A → A) (Aristotle’s thesis)
`dLP (A → B) → ∼(A → ∼B) (Boethius’ thesis)
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 16 / 32
![Page 54: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Basic results (I)
Proposition
`dLP ∼¬A for any A where ¬A = A → ⊥ is a classical negation.
6`dLP ∼¬∗A for some A where ¬∗A = ∼A∧◦A is a classical negation.
Propsition
dLP is dialetheic and connexive. In particular, we have the followingtheorems:
`dLP (A ∧ ¬A) → B
`dLP ∼((A ∧ ¬A) → B)
`dLP ∼(∼A → A) (Aristotle’s thesis)
`dLP (A → B) → ∼(A → ∼B) (Boethius’ thesis)
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 16 / 32
![Page 55: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Basic results (I)
Proposition
`dLP ∼¬A for any A where ¬A = A → ⊥ is a classical negation.
6`dLP ∼¬∗A for some A where ¬∗A = ∼A∧◦A is a classical negation.
Propsition
dLP is dialetheic and connexive. In particular, we have the followingtheorems:
`dLP (A ∧ ¬A) → B
`dLP ∼((A ∧ ¬A) → B)
`dLP ∼(∼A → A) (Aristotle’s thesis)
`dLP (A → B) → ∼(A → ∼B) (Boethius’ thesis)
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 16 / 32
![Page 56: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Basic results (II)
Theorem
dLP is complete with respect to the semantics in which the truth table forpropositional connectives are as follows:
A ∼A ◦At f tb b ff t t
A∧B t b ft t b fb b b ff f f f
A∨B t b ft t t tb t b bf t b f
A→B t b ft t b fb t b ff b b b
Remark
Semantic clauses for → in terms of Dunn semantics are as follows:
1 ∈ v(A → B) iff if 1 ∈ v(A) then 1 ∈ v(B).
0 ∈ v(A → B) iff if 1 ∈ v(A) then 0 ∈ v(B).
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 17 / 32
![Page 57: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Basic results (II)
Theorem
dLP is complete with respect to the semantics in which the truth table forpropositional connectives are as follows:
A ∼A ◦At f tb b ff t t
A∧B t b ft t b fb b b ff f f f
A∨B t b ft t t tb t b bf t b f
A→B t b ft t b fb t b ff b b b
Remark
Semantic clauses for → in terms of Dunn semantics are as follows:
1 ∈ v(A → B) iff if 1 ∈ v(A) then 1 ∈ v(B).
0 ∈ v(A → B) iff if 1 ∈ v(A) then 0 ∈ v(B).
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 17 / 32
![Page 58: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Basic results (II)
Theorem
dLP is complete with respect to the semantics in which the truth table forpropositional connectives are as follows:
A ∼A ◦At f tb b ff t t
A∧B t b ft t b fb b b ff f f f
A∨B t b ft t t tb t b bf t b f
A→B t b ft t b fb t b ff b b b
Remark
Semantic clauses for → in terms of Dunn semantics are as follows:
1 ∈ v(A → B) iff if 1 ∈ v(A) then 1 ∈ v(B).
0 ∈ v(A → B) iff if 1 ∈ v(A) then 0 ∈ v(B).
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 17 / 32
![Page 59: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Basic results (II)
Theorem
dLP is complete with respect to the semantics in which the truth table forpropositional connectives are as follows:
A ∼A ◦At f tb b ff t t
A∧B t b ft t b fb b b ff f f f
A∨B t b ft t t tb t b bf t b f
A→B t b ft t b fb t b ff b b b
Remark
Semantic clauses for → in terms of Dunn semantics are as follows:
1 ∈ v(A → B) iff if 1 ∈ v(A) then 1 ∈ v(B).
0 ∈ v(A → B) iff if 1 ∈ v(A) then 0 ∈ v(B).
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 17 / 32
![Page 60: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Further results (I): functional completeness
Definition
A matrix 〈A,D〉 where A = 〈V, f1, . . . , fn〉, is functionally complete iffevery function f : Vn → V is definable by superpositions of f1, . . . , fn alone.
Theorem (S lupecki)
A (]V ≥ 3) is functionally complete iff in A
(i) all unary functions on V are definable, and
(ii) at least one surjective and essentially binary function on V isdefinable.
Theorem
The matrix complete with respect to dLP is functionally complete
Remark
The variant of CLuNs⊥ (cf. Cantwell) is strictly weaker than dLP.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 18 / 32
![Page 61: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Further results (I): functional completeness
Definition
A matrix 〈A,D〉 where A = 〈V, f1, . . . , fn〉, is functionally complete iffevery function f : Vn → V is definable by superpositions of f1, . . . , fn alone.
Theorem (S lupecki)
A (]V ≥ 3) is functionally complete iff in A
(i) all unary functions on V are definable, and
(ii) at least one surjective and essentially binary function on V isdefinable.
Theorem
The matrix complete with respect to dLP is functionally complete
Remark
The variant of CLuNs⊥ (cf. Cantwell) is strictly weaker than dLP.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 18 / 32
![Page 62: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Further results (I): functional completeness
Definition
A matrix 〈A,D〉 where A = 〈V, f1, . . . , fn〉, is functionally complete iffevery function f : Vn → V is definable by superpositions of f1, . . . , fn alone.
Theorem (S lupecki)
A (]V ≥ 3) is functionally complete iff in A
(i) all unary functions on V are definable, and
(ii) at least one surjective and essentially binary function on V isdefinable.
Theorem
The matrix complete with respect to dLP is functionally complete
Remark
The variant of CLuNs⊥ (cf. Cantwell) is strictly weaker than dLP.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 18 / 32
![Page 63: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Further results (I): functional completeness
Definition
A matrix 〈A,D〉 where A = 〈V, f1, . . . , fn〉, is functionally complete iffevery function f : Vn → V is definable by superpositions of f1, . . . , fn alone.
Theorem (S lupecki)
A (]V ≥ 3) is functionally complete iff in A
(i) all unary functions on V are definable, and
(ii) at least one surjective and essentially binary function on V isdefinable.
Theorem
The matrix complete with respect to dLP is functionally complete
Remark
The variant of CLuNs⊥ (cf. Cantwell) is strictly weaker than dLP.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 18 / 32
![Page 64: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Further results (II): Post completeness
Definition
The logic L is Post complete iff for every formula A such that 6` A,extension of L by A becomes trivial, i.e. `L∪{A} B for any B.
Theorem (Tokarz)
If L is complete with respect to a matrix which is functionally complete,then L is Post complete.
Corollary
dLP is Post complete.
Remark
Unlike other systems of paraconsistent logic in the literature, dLP shares alot of properties with CL.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 19 / 32
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Further results (II): Post completeness
Definition
The logic L is Post complete iff for every formula A such that 6` A,extension of L by A becomes trivial, i.e. `L∪{A} B for any B.
Theorem (Tokarz)
If L is complete with respect to a matrix which is functionally complete,then L is Post complete.
Corollary
dLP is Post complete.
Remark
Unlike other systems of paraconsistent logic in the literature, dLP shares alot of properties with CL.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 19 / 32
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Further results (II): Post completeness
Definition
The logic L is Post complete iff for every formula A such that 6` A,extension of L by A becomes trivial, i.e. `L∪{A} B for any B.
Theorem (Tokarz)
If L is complete with respect to a matrix which is functionally complete,then L is Post complete.
Corollary
dLP is Post complete.
Remark
Unlike other systems of paraconsistent logic in the literature, dLP shares alot of properties with CL.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 19 / 32
![Page 67: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Further results (II): Post completeness
Definition
The logic L is Post complete iff for every formula A such that 6` A,extension of L by A becomes trivial, i.e. `L∪{A} B for any B.
Theorem (Tokarz)
If L is complete with respect to a matrix which is functionally complete,then L is Post complete.
Corollary
dLP is Post complete.
Remark
Unlike other systems of paraconsistent logic in the literature, dLP shares alot of properties with CL.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 19 / 32
![Page 68: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Outline
1 Background
2 Logic: a dialetheic expansion of LP
3 Naive set theory: a rough sketch
4 Conclusion
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 20 / 32
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Setting up the theory
Formulating naive set theory
Let N be the set of all instances of the comprehension schema along withthe axiom of extensionality stated as follows:
(COMP) ∃x∀y(y ∈ x ≡ A(y))
for each A in which x is not free, and
(EXT) ∀x∀y((∀z(z ∈ x ≡ z ∈ y)) ⊃ x = y)
where x = y := ∀z(x ∈ z ≡ y ∈ z) and A ≡ B := (A ⊃ B) ∧ (B ⊃ A).
Remark
If we formulate (COMP) in terms of ↔, then the triviality is back.
The biconditional ≡ is quite weak.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 21 / 32
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Setting up the theory
Formulating naive set theory
Let N be the set of all instances of the comprehension schema along withthe axiom of extensionality stated as follows:
(COMP) ∃x∀y(y ∈ x ≡ A(y))
for each A in which x is not free, and
(EXT) ∀x∀y((∀z(z ∈ x ≡ z ∈ y)) ⊃ x = y)
where x = y := ∀z(x ∈ z ≡ y ∈ z) and A ≡ B := (A ⊃ B) ∧ (B ⊃ A).
Remark
If we formulate (COMP) in terms of ↔, then the triviality is back.
The biconditional ≡ is quite weak.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 21 / 32
![Page 71: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Setting up the theory
Formulating naive set theory
Let N be the set of all instances of the comprehension schema along withthe axiom of extensionality stated as follows:
(COMP) ∃x∀y(y ∈ x ≡ A(y))
for each A in which x is not free, and
(EXT) ∀x∀y((∀z(z ∈ x ≡ z ∈ y)) ⊃ x = y)
where x = y := ∀z(x ∈ z ≡ y ∈ z) and A ≡ B := (A ⊃ B) ∧ (B ⊃ A).
Remark
If we formulate (COMP) in terms of ↔, then the triviality is back.
The biconditional ≡ is quite weak.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 21 / 32
![Page 72: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Material biconditional: some remarks
Reading of material biconditional in dLP
A ≡ B iff A and B are in the same area:
This also explains the weakness of ≡ as well.
A comparison
1 ∈ v(A ≡ B) iff (1 ∈ v(A) & 1 ∈ v(B)) or (0 ∈ v(A) & 0 ∈ v(B)).
1 ∈ v(A↔B) iff (1 ∈ v(A) & 1 ∈ v(B)) or (1 6∈ v(A) & 1 6∈ v(B)).
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 22 / 32
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Material biconditional: some remarks
Reading of material biconditional in dLP
A ≡ B iff A and B are in the same area:
This also explains the weakness of ≡ as well.
A comparison
1 ∈ v(A ≡ B) iff (1 ∈ v(A) & 1 ∈ v(B)) or (0 ∈ v(A) & 0 ∈ v(B)).
1 ∈ v(A↔B) iff (1 ∈ v(A) & 1 ∈ v(B)) or (1 6∈ v(A) & 1 6∈ v(B)).
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 22 / 32
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Some possible enrichments
Definition
Let Ni be the set of all instances of the comprehension schema (COMP)along with one of the axioms of extensionality (EXTi) (1 ≤ i ≤ 5) statedas follows:
∀x∀y((∀z(z ∈ x ≡ z ∈ y)) → x = y)(EXT1)
∀x∀y((∀z(z ∈ x ↔ z ∈ y)) ⊃ x = y)(EXT2)
∀x∀y((∀z(z ∈ x ↔ z ∈ y)) → x = y)(EXT3)
∀x∀y((∀z(z ∈ x ≡ z ∈ y)) → x=+y)(EXT4)
∀x∀y((∀z(z ∈ x ↔ z ∈ y)) → x=+y)(EXT5)
where x = y := ∀z(x ∈ z ≡ y ∈ z) and x =+ y := ∀z(x ∈ z ↔ y ∈ z).
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 23 / 32
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Some results of possible enrichments (I): basics
Theorem
N and its variants Ni s based on dLP are non-trivial.
Proposition: ‘empty’ set
N `dLP ∃x∀y ∼(y ∈ x). Moreover, in N1 and N4, the ‘empty’ set isunique with respect to the equalities = and =+ respectively.
Proposition: ‘empty’ set is not empty!
N 6`dLP ∃x∀y¬(y ∈ x).
Proposition: universal set
N `dLP ∃x∀y(y ∈ x). Moreover, in N1 and N3, the universal set is uniquewith respect to the equality =, and in N4 and N5, the universal set isunique with respect to both equalities = and =+.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 24 / 32
![Page 76: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Some results of possible enrichments (I): basics
Theorem
N and its variants Ni s based on dLP are non-trivial.
Proposition: ‘empty’ set
N `dLP ∃x∀y ∼(y ∈ x). Moreover, in N1 and N4, the ‘empty’ set isunique with respect to the equalities = and =+ respectively.
Proposition: ‘empty’ set is not empty!
N 6`dLP ∃x∀y¬(y ∈ x).
Proposition: universal set
N `dLP ∃x∀y(y ∈ x). Moreover, in N1 and N3, the universal set is uniquewith respect to the equality =, and in N4 and N5, the universal set isunique with respect to both equalities = and =+.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 24 / 32
![Page 77: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Some results of possible enrichments (I): basics
Theorem
N and its variants Ni s based on dLP are non-trivial.
Proposition: ‘empty’ set
N `dLP ∃x∀y ∼(y ∈ x). Moreover, in N1 and N4, the ‘empty’ set isunique with respect to the equalities = and =+ respectively.
Proposition: ‘empty’ set is not empty!
N 6`dLP ∃x∀y¬(y ∈ x).
Proposition: universal set
N `dLP ∃x∀y(y ∈ x). Moreover, in N1 and N3, the universal set is uniquewith respect to the equality =, and in N4 and N5, the universal set isunique with respect to both equalities = and =+.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 24 / 32
![Page 78: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Some results of possible enrichments (I): basics
Theorem
N and its variants Ni s based on dLP are non-trivial.
Proposition: ‘empty’ set
N `dLP ∃x∀y ∼(y ∈ x). Moreover, in N1 and N4, the ‘empty’ set isunique with respect to the equalities = and =+ respectively.
Proposition: ‘empty’ set is not empty!
N 6`dLP ∃x∀y¬(y ∈ x).
Proposition: universal set
N `dLP ∃x∀y(y ∈ x). Moreover, in N1 and N3, the universal set is uniquewith respect to the equality =, and in N4 and N5, the universal set isunique with respect to both equalities = and =+.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 24 / 32
![Page 79: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Some results of possible enrichments (II): Russell and Curry
Fact
We get the following through (COMP).
If A(x) := ¬(x ∈ x), then N `dLP ∃x(x ∈ x ∧ ∼(x ∈ x)).
If A(x) := ∼(x ∈ x), then again N `dLP ∃x(x ∈ x ∧ ∼(x ∈ x)).
If A(x) := x ∈ x → B, then N `dLP ∃x(∼(x ∈ x) ∨ B).
Remark
Curry’s predicate now does not have anything to do with contradictions!
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 25 / 32
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Some results of possible enrichments (II): Russell and Curry
Fact
We get the following through (COMP).
If A(x) := ¬(x ∈ x), then N `dLP ∃x(x ∈ x ∧ ∼(x ∈ x)).
If A(x) := ∼(x ∈ x), then again N `dLP ∃x(x ∈ x ∧ ∼(x ∈ x)).
If A(x) := x ∈ x → B, then N `dLP ∃x(∼(x ∈ x) ∨ B).
Remark
Curry’s predicate now does not have anything to do with contradictions!
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 25 / 32
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Some results of possible enrichments (III): equality
Proposition
N `dLP ∀x(∼(x = x) → ∀y(∼(x = y))).
Proposition
N `dLP ∀x(x=+x ∧ ∼(x=+x)).
Remark
Maybe, this might be a reason to prefer = over =+. Moreover, if wedefine equality in terms of material biconditional defined by classicalnegation, then this will not be the case.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 26 / 32
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Some results of possible enrichments (III): equality
Proposition
N `dLP ∀x(∼(x = x) → ∀y(∼(x = y))).
Proposition
N `dLP ∀x(x=+x ∧ ∼(x=+x)).
Remark
Maybe, this might be a reason to prefer = over =+. Moreover, if wedefine equality in terms of material biconditional defined by classicalnegation, then this will not be the case.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 26 / 32
![Page 83: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Some results of possible enrichments (III): equality
Proposition
N `dLP ∀x(∼(x = x) → ∀y(∼(x = y))).
Proposition
N `dLP ∀x(x=+x ∧ ∼(x=+x)).
Remark
Maybe, this might be a reason to prefer = over =+. Moreover, if wedefine equality in terms of material biconditional defined by classicalnegation, then this will not be the case.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 26 / 32
![Page 84: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Some results of possible enrichments (III): equality
Proposition
N `dLP ∀x(∼(x = x) → ∀y(∼(x = y))).
Proposition
N `dLP ∀x(x=+x ∧ ∼(x=+x)).
Remark
Maybe, this might be a reason to prefer = over =+. Moreover, if wedefine equality in terms of material biconditional defined by classicalnegation, then this will not be the case.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 26 / 32
![Page 85: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
A glance at further enrichment (I)
Problem
We still don’t have any clue for the truth-untruth perspective for ∈.
Idea
Add some ZFC axioms to talk about truth-untruth aspect of ∈?
However, we cannot add them directly:
Fact
N’ together with (SEP) based on dLP is trivial.
(SEP) ∀z∃x∀y(y ∈ x↔y ∈ z ∧ A(y))
Proof.
By the existence of universal set in N’.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 27 / 32
![Page 86: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
A glance at further enrichment (I)
Problem
We still don’t have any clue for the truth-untruth perspective for ∈.
Idea
Add some ZFC axioms to talk about truth-untruth aspect of ∈?
However, we cannot add them directly:
Fact
N’ together with (SEP) based on dLP is trivial.
(SEP) ∀z∃x∀y(y ∈ x↔y ∈ z ∧ A(y))
Proof.
By the existence of universal set in N’.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 27 / 32
![Page 87: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
A glance at further enrichment (I)
Problem
We still don’t have any clue for the truth-untruth perspective for ∈.
Idea
Add some ZFC axioms to talk about truth-untruth aspect of ∈?
However, we cannot add them directly:
Fact
N’ together with (SEP) based on dLP is trivial.
(SEP) ∀z∃x∀y(y ∈ x↔y ∈ z ∧ A(y))
Proof.
By the existence of universal set in N’.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 27 / 32
![Page 88: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
A glance at further enrichment (I)
Problem
We still don’t have any clue for the truth-untruth perspective for ∈.
Idea
Add some ZFC axioms to talk about truth-untruth aspect of ∈?
However, we cannot add them directly:
Fact
N’ together with (SEP) based on dLP is trivial.
(SEP) ∀z∃x∀y(y ∈ x↔y ∈ z ∧ A(y))
Proof.
By the existence of universal set in N’.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 27 / 32
![Page 89: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
A glance at further enrichment (I)
Problem
We still don’t have any clue for the truth-untruth perspective for ∈.
Idea
Add some ZFC axioms to talk about truth-untruth aspect of ∈?
However, we cannot add them directly:
Fact
N’ together with (SEP) based on dLP is trivial.
(SEP) ∀z∃x∀y(y ∈ x↔y ∈ z ∧ A(y))
Proof.
By the existence of universal set in N’.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 27 / 32
![Page 90: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
A glance at further enrichment (II)
A thought
We may consider the following formulations:
∀z∃x∀y(∀w(◦(w ∈ z)) → (y ∈ x↔y ∈ z ∧ A(y)))
∀z∃x∀y(∀w(◦(z ∈ w)) → (y ∈ x↔y ∈ z ∧ A(y)))
∀z∃x∀y((∀w(◦(w ∈ z)) ∧ ∀w(◦(z ∈ w))) → (y ∈ x↔y ∈ z ∧ A(y)))
∀z∃x∀y((∀w(◦(w ∈ z)) ∨ ∀w(◦(z ∈ w))) → (y ∈ x↔y ∈ z ∧ A(y)))
Problem I want to prove now:
Can we prove the relative non-triviality of extended system with respect toZF (or ZFC)?
Remark
If we can prove the above result, then dialetheic mathematics can be seenas an extension of classical mathematics!
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 28 / 32
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A glance at further enrichment (II)
A thought
We may consider the following formulations:
∀z∃x∀y(∀w(◦(w ∈ z)) → (y ∈ x↔y ∈ z ∧ A(y)))
∀z∃x∀y(∀w(◦(z ∈ w)) → (y ∈ x↔y ∈ z ∧ A(y)))
∀z∃x∀y((∀w(◦(w ∈ z)) ∧ ∀w(◦(z ∈ w))) → (y ∈ x↔y ∈ z ∧ A(y)))
∀z∃x∀y((∀w(◦(w ∈ z)) ∨ ∀w(◦(z ∈ w))) → (y ∈ x↔y ∈ z ∧ A(y)))
Problem I want to prove now:
Can we prove the relative non-triviality of extended system with respect toZF (or ZFC)?
Remark
If we can prove the above result, then dialetheic mathematics can be seenas an extension of classical mathematics!
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 28 / 32
![Page 92: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
A glance at further enrichment (II)
A thought
We may consider the following formulations:
∀z∃x∀y(∀w(◦(w ∈ z)) → (y ∈ x↔y ∈ z ∧ A(y)))
∀z∃x∀y(∀w(◦(z ∈ w)) → (y ∈ x↔y ∈ z ∧ A(y)))
∀z∃x∀y((∀w(◦(w ∈ z)) ∧ ∀w(◦(z ∈ w))) → (y ∈ x↔y ∈ z ∧ A(y)))
∀z∃x∀y((∀w(◦(w ∈ z)) ∨ ∀w(◦(z ∈ w))) → (y ∈ x↔y ∈ z ∧ A(y)))
Problem I want to prove now:
Can we prove the relative non-triviality of extended system with respect toZF (or ZFC)?
Remark
If we can prove the above result, then dialetheic mathematics can be seenas an extension of classical mathematics!
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 28 / 32
![Page 93: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
A Remark on expansions of FDE
Problem
The intuitive reading is lost in the biconditional of FDE.
Keep the intuition!
Another biconditional: A ≡∗ B := (A ∧ B) ∨ (∼A ∧ ∼B)
Remark
A ≡∗ A does not hold. A and A are not in the same area?
Theorem
Naive set theory based on FDE with Boolean negation using ≡∗ is trivial.
Remark
If we keep dialetheic and anti-realistic attitude towards mathematics, thengetting an intuitive formulation of naive set theory will be not obvious.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 29 / 32
![Page 94: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
A Remark on expansions of FDE
Problem
The intuitive reading is lost in the biconditional of FDE.
Keep the intuition!
Another biconditional: A ≡∗ B := (A ∧ B) ∨ (∼A ∧ ∼B)
Remark
A ≡∗ A does not hold. A and A are not in the same area?
Theorem
Naive set theory based on FDE with Boolean negation using ≡∗ is trivial.
Remark
If we keep dialetheic and anti-realistic attitude towards mathematics, thengetting an intuitive formulation of naive set theory will be not obvious.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 29 / 32
![Page 95: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
A Remark on expansions of FDE
Problem
The intuitive reading is lost in the biconditional of FDE.
Keep the intuition!
Another biconditional: A ≡∗ B := (A ∧ B) ∨ (∼A ∧ ∼B)
Remark
A ≡∗ A does not hold. A and A are not in the same area?
Theorem
Naive set theory based on FDE with Boolean negation using ≡∗ is trivial.
Remark
If we keep dialetheic and anti-realistic attitude towards mathematics, thengetting an intuitive formulation of naive set theory will be not obvious.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 29 / 32
![Page 96: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
A Remark on expansions of FDE
Problem
The intuitive reading is lost in the biconditional of FDE.
Keep the intuition!
Another biconditional: A ≡∗ B := (A ∧ B) ∨ (∼A ∧ ∼B)
Remark
A ≡∗ A does not hold. A and A are not in the same area?
Theorem
Naive set theory based on FDE with Boolean negation using ≡∗ is trivial.
Remark
If we keep dialetheic and anti-realistic attitude towards mathematics, thengetting an intuitive formulation of naive set theory will be not obvious.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 29 / 32
![Page 97: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
A Remark on expansions of FDE
Problem
The intuitive reading is lost in the biconditional of FDE.
Keep the intuition!
Another biconditional: A ≡∗ B := (A ∧ B) ∨ (∼A ∧ ∼B)
Remark
A ≡∗ A does not hold. A and A are not in the same area?
Theorem
Naive set theory based on FDE with Boolean negation using ≡∗ is trivial.
Remark
If we keep dialetheic and anti-realistic attitude towards mathematics, thengetting an intuitive formulation of naive set theory will be not obvious.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 29 / 32
![Page 98: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
A Remark on expansions of FDE
Problem
The intuitive reading is lost in the biconditional of FDE.
Keep the intuition!
Another biconditional: A ≡∗ B := (A ∧ B) ∨ (∼A ∧ ∼B)
Remark
A ≡∗ A does not hold. A and A are not in the same area?
Theorem
Naive set theory based on FDE with Boolean negation using ≡∗ is trivial.
Remark
If we keep dialetheic and anti-realistic attitude towards mathematics, thengetting an intuitive formulation of naive set theory will be not obvious.
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 29 / 32
![Page 99: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Outline
1 Background
2 Logic: a dialetheic expansion of LP
3 Naive set theory: a rough sketch
4 Conclusion
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 30 / 32
![Page 100: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Conclusion
Summary
Under a specific understanding of logic:
Developed a dialetheic logic dLP. Recipe: take Priest, then first daCostize and second Wansingize it! ({∼, ◦,→}: functionally complete)
Sketched some of the results of naive set theories based on dLP
Big picture
We might be able to extend classical mathematics to accommodate someof inconsistencies without falling into triviality.
Future directions
Explore the theory further!
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 31 / 32
![Page 101: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Conclusion
Summary
Under a specific understanding of logic:
Developed a dialetheic logic dLP. Recipe: take Priest, then first daCostize and second Wansingize it! ({∼, ◦,→}: functionally complete)
Sketched some of the results of naive set theories based on dLP
Big picture
We might be able to extend classical mathematics to accommodate someof inconsistencies without falling into triviality.
Future directions
Explore the theory further!
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 31 / 32
![Page 102: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Conclusion
Summary
Under a specific understanding of logic:
Developed a dialetheic logic dLP. Recipe: take Priest, then first daCostize and second Wansingize it! ({∼, ◦,→}: functionally complete)
Sketched some of the results of naive set theories based on dLP
Big picture
We might be able to extend classical mathematics to accommodate someof inconsistencies without falling into triviality.
Future directions
Explore the theory further!
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 31 / 32
![Page 103: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Conclusion
Summary
Under a specific understanding of logic:
Developed a dialetheic logic dLP. Recipe: take Priest, then first daCostize and second Wansingize it! ({∼, ◦,→}: functionally complete)
Sketched some of the results of naive set theories based on dLP
Big picture
We might be able to extend classical mathematics to accommodate someof inconsistencies without falling into triviality.
Future directions
Explore the theory further!
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 31 / 32
![Page 104: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Conclusion
Summary
Under a specific understanding of logic:
Developed a dialetheic logic dLP. Recipe: take Priest, then first daCostize and second Wansingize it! ({∼, ◦,→}: functionally complete)
Sketched some of the results of naive set theories based on dLP
Big picture
We might be able to extend classical mathematics to accommodate someof inconsistencies without falling into triviality.
Future directions
Explore the theory further!
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 31 / 32
![Page 105: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Conclusion
Summary
Under a specific understanding of logic:
Developed a dialetheic logic dLP. Recipe: take Priest, then first daCostize and second Wansingize it! ({∼, ◦,→}: functionally complete)
Sketched some of the results of naive set theories based on dLP
Big picture
We might be able to extend classical mathematics to accommodate someof inconsistencies without falling into triviality.
Future directions
Explore the theory further!
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 31 / 32
![Page 106: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Conclusion
Summary
Under a specific understanding of logic:
Developed a dialetheic logic dLP. Recipe: take Priest, then first daCostize and second Wansingize it! ({∼, ◦,→}: functionally complete)
Sketched some of the results of naive set theories based on dLP
Big picture
We might be able to extend classical mathematics to accommodate someof inconsistencies without falling into triviality.
Future directions
Explore the theory further!
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 31 / 32
![Page 107: A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LPcintula/slides/Omori.pdf · A note on naive set theory in an expansion of LP Hitoshi Omori Post-doctoral Fellow of Japan Society for](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5eced9240e2bd5210370c429/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
DEKUJI!
Hitoshi Omori (JSPS & Kyoto U.) Naive set theory based on dLP Prague, June 12, 2015 32 / 32