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The IUCN Species Survival Commission
A Global Strategyfor the Conservation of
MarineTurtles
Prepared by IUCN/SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group
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The IUCN Species Survival Commission
A Global Strategyfor the Conservation of
MarineTurtlesPrepared by IUCN/SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group
MTSG OfficersKaren Bjorndal: Chairman
George Balazs: Deputy Chairman
Marydele Donnelly: Program Officer
MTSG Executive CommitteeAlberto Abreu George Balazs
Karen Bjorndal Debby Crouse
Nat Frazer Colin Limpus
Neca Marcovaldi Dimitris Margaritoulis
Jack Woody
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Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Background and Mission of the IUCN/SSC Marine TurtleSpecialist Group 5
Individual Strategies
Research and Monitoring 6
Integrated Management for Sustainable Marine Turtle Populations 8
Building Capacity for Conservation, Research, and Management 10
Public Awareness, Information, and Education 12
Community Participation in Conservation 14
Regional and International Cooperation 16
Evaluation of the Status of Marine Turtles 18
Funding for Marine Turtle Conservation 20
Operation of the Marine Turtle Specialist Group 22
Appendices
Suggested Guidelines for Setting Priorities 24
Names and Addresses of Strategic Planning Participants 25
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1
IntroductionA s a g r o u p , m a r i n e t u r t l e s r e p r e s e n t a n a n c i e n t a n d d i s t i n c t i v e p a r t o f t h e w o r l d ' s b i o l o g i -
c a l d i v e r s i t y , f i r s t a p p e a r i n g m o r e t h a n 1 0 0 m i l l i o n y e a r s a g o . A s r e c e n t l y a s t h e 1 8 t h a n d
1 9 t h c e n t u r i e s m a r i n e t u r t l e s w e r e v e r y a b u n d a n t , w i t h s o m e p o p u l a t i o n s n u m b e r i n g
w e l l i n t o t h e m i l l i o n s . B u t i n t h e l a s t s e v e r a l h u n d r e d y e a r s , w e h a v e o v e r w h e l m e d t h e
s p e c i e s ' a b i l i t y t o m a i n t a i n t h e i r n u m b e r s w i t h i n t e n t i o n a l a n d a c c i d e n t a l c a p t u r e i n
f i s h e r i e s , d e s t r u c t i o n o f f o r a g i n g , n e s t i n g a n d r e s t i n g h a b i t a t s , a n d , m o s t r e c e n t l y , p o l l u -
t i o n o f t h e o c e a n s . T o d a y , f e w p o p u l a t i o n s o f m a r i n e t u r t l e s a r e u n a f f e c t e d ; m o s t a r e
d e c l i n i n g , o f t e n s e r i o u s l y . M a n y a r e e x t i n c t .
C u r r e n t l y , s e v e n s p e c i e s a r e c l e a r l y r e c o g n i z e d . T h e y i n c l u d e t h e g r e e n t u r t l e
( C h e l o n i a
m y d a s ) ,
l o g g e r h e a d
( C a r e t t a c a r e t t a ) ,
f l a t b a c k
( N a t a t o r d e p r e s s u s ) ,
h a w k s b i l l
( E r e t m o c h e l y s
i m b r i c a t a ) , l e a t h e r b a c k ( D e n n o c h e l y s c o r i a c e a ) , o l i v e r i d l e y ( L e p i d o c h e l y s o f i v a c e a ) , a n d
K e m p ' s r i d l e y ( L e p i d o c h e l y s k e m p i ) . M a n y s c i e n t i s t s a l s o c o n s i d e r t h e d i s t i n c t i v e ' b l a c k '
t u r t l e s o f t h e P a c i f i c c o a s t o f t h e W e s t e r n H e m i s p h e r e , s o m e t i m e s r e f e r r e d t o a s C h e l o n i a
a g a s s i z i , a s a n e i g h t h s p e c i e s . M o s t s p e c i e s h a v e c i r c u m g l o b a l a n d s u b t r o p i c a l o r t r o p i c a l
d i s t r i b u t i o n s .
M a r i n e t u r t l e s h a v e a f a s c i n a t i n g l i f e h i s t o r y - t h e y a r e l o n g - l i v e d s p e c i e s t h a t m a t u r e l a t e
i n l i f e a n d m o v e g r e a t d i s t a n c e s d u r i n g t h e i r l i f e t i m e s . M a r i n e t u r t l e s a r e e x c e l l e n t n a v i g a -
t o r s , f r e q u e n t l y m i g r a t i n g h u n d r e d s o r e v e n t h o u s a n d s o f k i l o m e t e r s b e t w e e n f o r a g i n g a n d
n e s t i n g g r o u n d s . T h e y s p e n d t h e i r l i v e s a t s e a b u t r e t u r n t o l a n d t o r e p r o d u c e . A d u l t
f e m a l e s n e s t i n m u l t i y e a r c y c l e s , c o m i n g a s h o r e s e v e r a l t i m e s t o l a y h u n d r e d s o f e g g s
d u r i n g a n e s t i n g s e a s o n . A f t e r a b o u t 5 0 t o 6 0 d a y s o f i n c u b a t i o n , t h e h a t c h l i n g s e m e r g e
a n d h e a d f o r t h e o c e a n t o b e g i n l i f e a s p e l a g i c d r i f t e r s . W h i l e m a t u r i n g o v e r t h e c o u r s e o f
s e v e r a l d e c a d e s , t h e y m o v e i n a n d o u t o f a v a r i e t y o f o c e a n a n d c o a s t a l h a b i t a t s . T h i s o p e n
o c e a n e x i s t e n c e o f t e n f r u s t r a t e s o u r e f f o r t s t o s t u d y a n d c o n s e r v e t h e m . S u r v i v a l t o
a d u l t h o o d i s l o w .
P r e s e n t l y , a l l s p e c i e s e x c e p t t h e A u s t r a l i a n f l a t b a c k a r e l i s t e d i n t h e I U C N R e d L i s t a s
E n d a n g e r e d o r V u l n e r a b l e . A l l m a r i n e t u r t l e s a r e i n c l u d e d i n A p p e n d i x I o f C I T E S ( t h e
C o n v e n t i o n o n I n t e r n a t i o n a l T r a d e i n
E n d a n g e r e d S p e c i e s o f W i l d F a u n a
a n d F l o r a ) , a n d a l l s p e c i e s e x c e p t t h e
f l a t b a c k a r e l i s t e d i n A p p e n d i c e s I
a n d 1 1 o f C M S ( t h e C o n v e n t i o n o n
t h e C o n s e r v a t i o n o f M i g r a t o r y
S p e c i e s o f W i l d A n i m a l s ) . T h e r e c a n
b e n o d o u b t t h a t i f t h e s e m a g n i f i c e n t
a n i m a l s a r e t o b e s a f e g u a r d e d f r o m
e v e n t u a l e x t i n c t i o n , c o m p r e h e n s i v e ,
f o c u s e d a n d i n t e g r a t e d e f f o r t s m u s t
b e u n d e r t a k e n o n a g l o b a l s c a l e .
T o d a y t h o u s a n d s o f i n d i v i d u a l s i n
v o l u n t e e r a n d g o v e r n m e n t - s u p p o r t e d
m a n a g e m e n t a n d c o n s e r v a t i o n
p r o g r a m s t h r o u g h o u t t h e w o r l d a r e
w o r k i n g t o c o n s e r v e m a r i n e t u r t l e s .
A l t h o u g h m a r i n e t u r t l e s s p e n d t h e
m a j o r i t y o f t h e i r t i m e a t s e a , t h e s e
p r o g r a m s p r i m a r i l y f o c u s o n n e s t i n g
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b e a c h a c t i v i t i e s , a n e m p h a s i s t h a t h a s r e s u l t e d i n l a r g e g a p s i n o u r k n o w l e d g e a b o u t t h e s e a n i m a l s .
F u r t h e r m o r e , r e c e n t p o p u l a t i o n m o d e l l i n g s u g g e s t s t h a t c o n s e r v a t i o n o f e g g s a n d h a t c h l i n g s ,
w i t h o u t c o n c u r r e n t c o n s e r v a t i o n o f t h e o l d e r l i f e s t a g e s , m a y b e o f l i m i t e d v a l u e . C o n s e r v a t i o n
e f f o r t s a r e a l s o h a m p e r e d b y a l a c k o f c o o r d i n a t i o n o n a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l b a s i s . T h i s i s u n f o r t u n a t e
a s m a r i n e t u r t l e s a r e u n d e r a s s a u l t t h r o u g h o u t t h e i r l i v e s a s t h e y m o v e f r o m t h e w a t e r s o f o n e
n a t i o n t o a n o t h e r .
I n J u n e 1 9 9 4 , 1 9 m e m b e r s o f t h e M a r i n e T u r t l e S p e c i a l i s t G r o u p o f t h e S p e c i e s S u r v i v a l C o m m i s -
s i o n o f I U C N - T h e W o r l d C o n s e r v a t i o n U n i o n - f r o m 1 5 n a t i o n s a n d a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f t h e
I U C N S e c r e t a r i a t m e t i n P u e r t o V a l l a r t a , M e x i c o , w i t h t w o p r o f e s s i o n a l s t r a t e g i c p l a n n e r s t o d r a f t
a c o m p r e h e n s i v e g l o b a l s t r a t e g y f o r t h e c o n s e r v a t i o n o f m a r i n e t u r t l e s . T h e r e s u l t i n g d r a f t w a s
s e n t t o a l l m e m b e r s o f t h e M T S G a n d s e l e c t e d m e m b e r s o f t h e S S C f o r r e v i e w a n d c o m m e n t .
T h i s d o c u m e n t , A G l o b a l S t r a t e g y f o r t h e C o n s e r v a t i o n o f M a r i n e T u r t l e s , i s t h e p r o d u c t o f t h a t
s e s s i o n a n d r e v i e w .
T h e S t r a t e g y i s p r e s e n t e d i n n i n e p a r a l l e l s t r a t e g i e s , R e s e a r c h a n d M o n i t o r i n g ; I n t e g r a t e d M a n -
a g e m e n t f o r S u s t a i n a b l e M a r i n e T u r t l e P o p u l a t i o n s ; B u i l d i n g C a p a c i t y f o r C o n s e r v a t i o n , R e -
s e a r c h , a n d M a n a g e m e n t - P u b l i c A w a r e n e s s , I n f o r m a t i o n , a n d E d u c a t i o n ; C o m m u n i t y P a r t i c i p a -
t i o n i n C o n s e r v a t i o n ; R e g i o n a l a n d I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o o p e r a t i o n , E v a l u a t i o n o f t h e S t a t u s o f M a r i n e
T u r t l e s ; F u n d i n g f o r M a r i n e T u r t l e C o n s e r v a t i o n ; a n d O p e r a t i o n o f t h e M a r i n e T u r t l e S p e c i a l i s t
G r o u p .
S e v e r a l s t r a t e g i e s w i t h i n t h i s d o c u m e n t m a y b e c o n s i d e r e d a s t o o l s f o r i m p l e m e n t i n g o t h e r s t r a t e -
g i e s . F o r e x a m p l e , F u n d i n g , B u i l d i n g C a p a c i t y , a n d C o m m u n i t y P a r t i c i p a t i o n i n C o n s e r v a t i o n c a n
b e t o o l s f o r i m p l e m e n t i n g I n t e g r a t e d M a n a g e m e n t f o r
S u s t a i n a b l e M a r i n e T u r t l e P o p u l a t i o n s . H o w e v e r , e a c h
o f t h e s e t o o l s w a s e l e v a t e d t o s t r a t e g y s t a t u s t o f a c i l i t a t e
e f f e c t i v e d e v e l o p m e n t a n d u s e f o r a p p l i c a t i o n t o o t h e r
s t r a t e g i e s . T h e r e a d e r w i l l a l s o f i n d t h a t s o m e s t r a t e g i e s
i n t e r f a c e o r o v e r l a p . T h i s i s a p p r o p r i a t e , a s t h e i n t e n t i s
a c o m p r e h e n s i v e , u n i f i e d a p p r o a c h t o m a r i n e t u r t l e c o n -
s e r v a t i o n a n d m a n a g e m e n t .
T h r e e r e c u r r e n t t h e m e s o f t h e s t r a t e g y s e s s i o n w e r e
i n t e g r a t i o n o f m a r i n e t u r t l e c o n s e r v a t i o n a n d m a n a g e -
m e n t , t h e n e e d t o i n v o l v e l o c a l p e o p l e w h o u t i l i z e t u r t l e s
i n t h e i r c o n s e r v a t i o n , a n d t h e r e s t o r a t i o n / m a i n t e n a n c e o f
t h e r o l e s o f m a r i n e t u r t l e s i n t h e i r e c o s y s t e m s . T h e s e
i s s u e s h a v e b e e n w i d e l y d i s c u s s e d a m o n g m a r i n e t u r t l e
c o n s e r v a t i o n i s t s f o r a n u m b e r o f y e a r s a n d n e e d s o m e
c l a r i f i c a t i o n t o a v o i d p o s s i b l e m i s i n t e r p r e t a t i o n i n t h e
S t r a t e g y .
T o d a t e , o n e s h o r t c o m i n g o f a c t i v i t i e s t o p r o m o t e m a -
r i n e t u r t l e c o n s e r v a t i o n h a s b e e n o u r f a i l u r e t o a d d r e s s
c o n s e r v a t i o n i s s u e s i n a s y s t e m a t i c a n d u n i f i e d w a y . T h e
c o n c e p t o f i n t e g r a t e d m a n a g e m e n t i s c r u c i a l t o m a r i n e
t u r t l e c o n s e r v a t i o n i n s e v e r a l w a y s : 1 ) m a r i n e t u r t l e
m a n a g e m e n t s h o u l d b e i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o c o a s t a l m a n -
a g e m e n t r e g i m e s t o e n s u r e t h a t h a b i t a t q u a l i t y a n d e c o -
s y s t e m f u n c t i o n s a r e m a i n t a i n e d ; 2 ) m a r i n e t u r t l e m a n -
a g e m e n t s h o u l d b e i n c l u d e d a t l o c a l , r e g i o n a l a n d g l o b a l
l e v e l s s o t h a t t h o s e p e o p l e d i r e c t l y a f f e c t e d
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b y m a n a g e m e n t , a s w e l l a s t h o s e w h o h a v e i n f l u e n c e
o v e r r e g i o n a l a n d g l o b a l a c t i v i t i e s , a r e i n v o l v e d ; a n d 3 )
m a n a g e m e n t o f a n y m a r i n e t u r t l e s p e c i e s o r p o p u l a t i o n
s h o u l d b e i n t e g r a t e d a c r o s s i t s e n t i r e g e o g r a p h i c r a n g e
s o t h a t a c t i v i t i e s i n o n e p a r t o f t h e r a n g e d o n o t u n d e r -
m i n e c o n s e r v a t i o n m a n a g e m e n t i n o t h e r a r e a s o f i t s
r a n g e .
F o r a n u m b e r o f y e a r s m a n y p e o p l e h a v e d e b a t e d
w h e t h e r d e c l i n i n g p o p u l a t i o n s o f m a r i n e t u r t l e s s h o u l d
b e e x p l o i t e d . M o s t r e c o g n i z e t h e s i g n i f i c a n c e o f m a r i n e
t u r t l e s i n t h e c u l t u r a l a n d s o c i a l l i v e s o f m a n y c o a s t a l
p e o p l e a n d t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f t h e s e a n i m a l s a n d t h e i r
e g g s a s a s o u r c e o f p r o t e i n . T o o f r e q u e n t l y , h o w e v e r ,
w i d e u s e b y a g r o w i n g h u m a n p o p u l a t i o n , c o u p l e d w i t h
t h e m i g r a t o r y n a t u r e a n d s l o w r a t e s o f n a t u r a l i n c r e a s e
o f t h e s e a n i m a l s , h a s r e s u l t e d i n m o s t u t i l i z a t i o n b e i n g
n o n - s u s t a i n a b l e . C l e a r l y , f a i l u r e t o s t o p o r r e v e r s e
t h e s e d e c l i n e s w i l l r e s u l t i n t h e e v e n t u a l e x t i n c t i o n o f
m a r i n e t u r t l e p o p u l a t i o n s . A l t h o u g h t h i s S t r a t e g y r e c -
o g n i z e s t h a t u t i l i z a t i o n o f m a r i n e t u r t l e s o c c u r s i n
m a n y a r e a s a n d d o e s n o t o p p o s e a l l u s e , i t d o e s n o t
s u p p o r t n o n - s u s t a i n a b l e u s e . T h e r e a r e m a n y a r e a s
w h e r e c o m p l e t e p r o t e c t i o n h a s b e e n n e c e s s a r y f o r t h e
m a n a g e m e n t o f m a r i n e t u r t l e s , a n d t h i s i s a n i m p o r t a n t
o p t i o n f o r c o n s e r v a t i o n p l a n n i n g .
B e c a u s e t h e r e a r e i n h e r e n t d i f f i c u l t i e s w i t h e x p l o i t a -
t i o n , t h e r e i s a n e m p h a s i s i n t h e S t r a t e g y o n t h e n e e d t o
i n v o l v e t h e l o c a l p e o p l e w h o u t i l i z e m a r i n e t u r t l e s i n
t h e i r c o n s e r v a t i o n a n d m a n a g e m e n t . A t t h e h e a r t o f t h e
d e b a t e i s m a k i n g a p p r o p r i a t e d e c i s i o n s a b o u t u s e , a n i s s u e w h i c h i s h a r d t o r e s o l v e g i v e n o u r
i n c o m p l e t e k n o w l e d g e o f t h e s e s p e c i e s a n d t h e a m o u n t o f t i m e r e q u i r e d f o r t h e e f f e c t s o f o v e r e x -
p l o i t a t i o n t o b e n o t e d . T h i s S t r a t e g y a d v o c a t e s i n f o r m i n g a n d i n v o l v i n g l o c a l p e o p l e i n t h e d e c i -
s i o n - m a k i n g p r o c e s s w h i l e c o n t i n u i n g t o b a s e m a n a g e m e n t d e c i s i o n s o n s c i e n c e .
M a r i n e t u r t l e s s e r v e i m p o r t a n t f u n c t i o n s i n t h e e c o s y s t e m s i n w h i c h t h e y a r e f o u n d , a l t h o u g h t h e
d e t a i l s o f t h o s e f u n c t i o n s m a y b e h a r d t o c l a r i f y w h e r e p o p u l a t i o n s c u r r e n t l y a r e s e r i o u s l y d e -
p l e t e d . F o r e x a m p l e , s e a g r a s s b e d s w h e r e g r e e n t u r t l e s g r a z e r e g u l a r l y a r e m o r e p r o d u c t i v e , n u t r i -
e n t s a r e c y c l e d m o r e r a p i d l y , a n d t h e g r a s s b l a d e s h a v e a h i g h e r p r o t e i n c o n t e n t , t h u s b e n e f i t i n g
o t h e r s p e c i e s . F u r t h e r m o r e , s o m e p o p u l a t i o n s o f m a r i n e t u r t l e s , w h o s e f e e d i n g a r e a s m a y b e h u n -
d r e d s o r e v e n t h o u s a n d s o f k i l o m e t e r s f r o m t h e i r n e s t i n g b e a c h e s , s e r v e a n i m p o r t a n t r o l e i n n u t r i -
e n t c y c l i n g b y t r a n s p o r t i n g m a s s i v e q u a n t i t i e s o f n u t r i e n t s f r o m t h e s e f e e d i n g g r o u n d s t o t y p i c a l l y
m o r e n u t r i e n t - p o o r c o a s t a l a n d i n s h o r e h a b i t a t s i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f t h e n e s t i n g b e a c h e s .
W i t h o u t a c t i v e i n t e r v e n t i o n a n d m a n a g e m e n t , m a r i n e t u r t l e p o p u l a t i o n s a r e e x p e c t e d t o c o n t i n u e
t o d e c l i n e t o e x t i n c t i o n . W i t h t h e r e s u l t i n g l o s s o f p r o d u c t i v i t y w i t h i n m a r i n e e c o s y s t e m s , w e c a n
e x p e c t a r e s u l t i n g d e c l i n e i n q u a l i t y o f l i f e f o r h u m a n p o p u l a t i o n s d e p e n d e n t o n c o a s t a l e c o s y s -
t e m s .
T o a v o i d c o n f u s i o n o v e r t h e d e f i n i t i o n o f t e r m s , w e e m p l o y t h e I U C N d e f i n i t i o n s u s e d i n t h e
d o c u m e n t C a r i n g f o r t h e E a r t h : A S t r a t e g y f o r S u s t a i n a b l e L i v i n g ( I U C N - T h e W o r l d C o n s e r v a -
t i o n U n i o n , U N E P - U n i t e d N a t i o n s E n v i r o n m e n t P r o g r a m , a n d W o r l d W i d e
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F u n d f o r N a t u r e , G l a n d S w i t z e r l a n d , O c t o b e r 1 9 9 1 ) . T h e t e r m s a n d t h e i r d e f i n i t i o n s a r e :
conservation: t h e m a n a g e m e n t o f h u m a n u s e o f o r g a n i s m s o r e c o s y s t e m s t o e n s u r e s u c h u s e i s
s u s t a i n a b l e . B e s i d e s s u s t a i n a b l e u s e , c o n s e r v a t i o n i n c l u d e s p r o t e c t i o n , m a i n t e n a n c e , r e h a b i l i t a -
t i o n , r e s t o r a t i o n , a n d e n h a n c e m e n t o f p o p u l a t i o n s a n d e c o s y s t e m s .
biological diversity: t h e v a r i e t y o f l i f e i n a l l i t s f o r m s , l e v e l s a n d c o m b i n a t i o n s . I n c l u d e s e c o -
s y s t e m d i v e r s i t y , s p e c i e s d i v e r s i t y , a n d g e n e t i c d i v e r s i t y .
ecosystem: a s y s t e m o f p l a n t s , a n i m a l s , a n d o t h e r o r g a n i s m s t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e n o n - l i v i n g c o m - p o n e n t s o f t h e e n v i r o n m e n t . s u s t a i n a b i l i t y : a c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f a p r o c e s s o r s t a t e t h a t c a n b e m a i n -
t a i n e d i n d e f i n i t e l y .
M a n y o f t h e i s s u e s a n d a c t i o n s o u t l i n e d i n t h i s S t r a t e g y m a y b e o u t s i d e t h e p u r v i e w o f t h e M a r i n e
T u r t l e S p e c i a l i s t G r o u p ( M T S G ) t o i m p l e m e n t . L i k e w i s e , a l l m e m b e r s o f t h e M T S G s e r v e o n a
v o l u n t a r y b a s i s , s o r e a d e r s o f t h i s S t r a t e g y a n d m e m b e r s o f t h e M T S G s h o u l d b e a w a r e t h a t t h e
M T S G c a n n o t c a r r y o u t a l l t h e a c t i o n s i n d i c a t e d e v e n t h o u g h t h e s e a c t i v i t i e s a r e n e c e s s a r y t o
e f f e c t m a r i n e t u r t l e r e c o v e r y . H o w e v e r , t h e M T S G i s a n i m p o r t a n t c a t a l y s t a n d c a n s e r v e t o g a l -
v a n i z e a c t i o n .
R e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s f o r i m p l e m e n t i n g m a n y o f t h e s e a c t i o n s m a y l i e w i t h l o c a l n o n g o v e r n m e n t a l
o r g a n i z a t i o n s o r g o v e r n m e n t m a n a g e m e n t a g e n c i e s . I n t h e s e c a s e s , t h e M T S G s e e s i t s r o l e p r i -
m a r i l y a s p r o v i d i n g e x p e r t a d v i c e , e n c o u r a g e m e n t a n d f a c i l i t a t i o n , a n d w e u r g e l o c a l a n d s t a t e
o r g a n i z a t i o n s a n d a g e n c i e s t o i m p l e m e n t t h e n e c e s s a r y a c t i o n s i d e n t i f i e d h e r e .
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Background of the MarineTurtle Specialist Group
T h e M a r i n e T u r t l e S p e c i a l i s t G r o u p w a s f o u n d e d i n 1 9 6 6 i n r e s p o n s e t o a g r o w i n g r e c o g n i -
t i o n o f t h e e n d a n g e r e d s t a t u s o f m a r i n e t u r t l e s . S i r P e t e r S c o t t a s k e d A r c h i e C a r r t o c h a i r t h e
g r o u p a n d a p p o i n t g r o u p m e m b e r s . A r c h i e C a r r r e m a i n e d t h e c h a i r m a n u n t i l 1 9 8 4 , w h e n h e
s t e p p e d d o w n , a n d G r e n v i l l e L u c a s - t h e n C h a i r m a n o f S S C - a p p o i n t e d K a r e n B j o r n d a l a s
c h a i r m a n . T o m H a r r i s s o n , N i c h o l a s M r o s o v s k y , G e o r g e B a l a z s a n d K a r e n B j o r n d a l s e r v e d a s
e i t h e r c o - c h a i r m a n o r d e p u t y c h a i r m a n w i t h A r c h i e C a r r . K a r e n B j o r n d a l h a s w o r k e d w i t h
t w o d e p u t y c h a i r m e n : G . S t a n l e y d e S i l v a a n d G e o r g e B a l a z s .
T h e M T S G w a s a s m a l l g r o u p , r a n g i n g f r o m 1 5 t o 3 0 m e m b e r s , u n t i l 1 9 9 0 , w h e n t h e m e m -
b e r s h i p w a s e x p a n d e d t o o v e r 1 5 0 m e m b e r s . T o d a y , m e m b e r s h i p i s n e a r l y 2 0 0 w i t h i n d i v i d u -
a l s f r o m 4 7 c o u n t r i e s .
D u r i n g A r c h i e C a r r ' s c h a i r m a n s h i p , t h e M T S G o p e r a t e d w i t h a m i n i m u m o f s t r u c t u r e . P e t e r
P r i t c h a r d s e r v e d a s C o o r d i n a t o r o f M a r i n e T u r t l e C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o g r a m s f r o m 1 9 6 9 t o 1 9 7 3 .
I n r e s p o n s e t o t h e l a r g e r s i z e o f t h e g r o u p , a n E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e c o m p o s e d o f t h e c h a i r -
m a n , d e p u t y c h a i r m a n a n d s e v e n m e m b e r s w a s a p p o i n t e d i n 1 9 9 3 . I n 1 9 9 4 , M a r y d e l e D o n -
n e l l y b e c a m e P r o g r a m O f f i c e r u n d e r s u p p o r t p r o v i d e d b y a n a n o n y m o u s d o n o r t o t h e M T S G
t h r o u g h t h e e f f o r t s o f t h e C e n t e r f o r M a r i n e C o n s e r v a t i o n ( W a s h i n g t o n , D C ) .
Mission
T h e I U C N / S S C M a r i n e T u r t l e S p e c i a l i s t G r o u p e x i s t s t o d e v e l o p , s u p p o r t , a n d i m p l e m e n t
p r o g r a m s w h i c h p r o m o t e t h e r e s t o r a t i o n a n d s u r v i v a l o f h e a l t h y m a r i n e t u r t l e p o p u l a t i o n s t h a t
f u l f i l l t h e i r e c o l o g i c a l r o l e s .
W e a c c o m p l i s h t h i s b y :
1 . E n s u r i n g t h a t t h e c o n s e r v a t i o n o f m a r i n e t u r t l e s i s g u i d e d b y t h e b i o l o g i c a l c o n s t r a i n t s o f t h e a n i m a l s a n d t h e b e s t s c i e n t i f i c i n f o r m a t i o n a v a i l a b l e .
2 . C o n s e r v i n g a n d m a n a g i n g n a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s a n d h a b i t a t s t h a t a r e f u n d a m e n t a l f o r m a r i n e t u r t l e s .
3 . E m p h a s i z i n g m a n a g e m e n t f o r l o n g - t e r m s u r v i v a l o f t h e s p e c i e s . 4 . R e c o g n i z i n g t h a t m a r i n e t u r t l e s a r e a s h a r e d i n t e r n a t i o n a l r e s o u r c e . 5 . I n v o l v i n g l o c a l c o m m u n i t i e s i n c o n s e r v a t i o n m a n a g e m e n t . 6 . S e e k i n g a s s i s t a n c e a n d s u p p o r t f r o m p e o p l e a n d o r g a n i z a t i o n s i n t e r e s t e d i n c o n s e r v i n g
m a r i n e t u r t l e s .
7 . I n t e g r a t i n g l o c a l , r e g i o n a l , n a t i o n a l , a n d i n t e r n a t i o n a l e f f o r t s t h r o u g h a d v i s e m e n t a n d a d v o c a c y .
8 . H e l p i n g t o b u i l d c a p a c i t y o f c o n c e r n e d a u t h o r i t i e s t o c o n s e r v e m a r i n e t u r t l e s . 9 . A d o p t i n g a n d a d v o c a t i n g i n n o v a t i v e m e t h o d s .
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Strategy: Research and Monitoring
Situation: G a p s c u r r e n t l y e x i s t i n o u r k n o w l e d g e o f m a r i n e t u r t l e p o p u l a t i o n d y n a m i c s , l i f e h i s t o r i e s , a n d t h r e a t s . T h e s e g a p s l e s s e n o r p r e v e n t e f f e c t i v e c o n s e r v a t i o n m a n a g e m e n t . I n a d d i -
t i o n , t h e l i m i t e d d i s s e m i n a t i o n o f r e s u l t s f r o m r e s e a r c h a n d m o n i t o r i n g a c t i v i t i e s c o n t r i b u t e t o
d u p l i c a t i o n o f e f f o r t a n d l o s s o f c o l l a b o r a t i v e a n d c o o r d i n a t e d o p p o r t u n i t i e s .
Risk: G a p s i n o u r k n o w l e d g e o f m a r i n e t u r t l e b i o l o g y w i l l c o n t i n u e t o h a m p e r m a n a g e m e n t a n d r e c o v e r y e f f o r t s . B o t h r e s e a r c h a n d m a n a g e m e n t a c t i v i t i e s m a y f o c u s o n n o n e s s e n t i a l i s s u e s ,
w h i l e f a i l i n g t o a c t o n e s s e n t i a l a n d c r i t i c a l i s s u e s . L a c k o f u n d e r s t a n d i n g w i l l l e a d t o u n i n f o r m e d
a n d i n a p p r o p r i a t e d e c i s i o n - m a k i n g .
Desired state: C o o r d i n a t e d r e s e a r c h a n d m o n i t o r i n g p r o g r a m s w i l l b e b a s e d o n p o p u l a t i o n i d e n t i f i c a t i o n a n d k n o w l e d g e o f p o p u l a t i o n d i s t r i b u t i o n , s i z e , a n d t r e n d s . R e l i a b l e e s t i m a t e s o f
g r o w t h r a t e s , f e c u n d i t y , a n d m o r t a l i t y r a t e s a n d f a c t o r s a t e a c h l i f e h i s t o r y s t a g e c a n b e u s e d t o
m a k e b e t t e r - i n f o r m e d , m o r e e f f e c t i v e m a n a g e m e n t d e c i s i o n s . I m p r o v e d u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f m a r i n e
t u r t l e e c o l o g i c a l r o l e s w i l l c o n t r i b u t e t o b e t t e r i n t e g r a t e d c o a s t a l m a n a g e m e n t . A n i n t e g r a t e d d a t a
b a s e c o m p a t i b l e w i t h G e o g r a p h i c I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s ( G I S ) w i l l f a c i l i t a t e m o r e r a p i d , c o m p r e -
h e n s i v e m a n a g e m e n t d e c i s i o n s . R e g u l a r , o n g o i n g m o n i t o r i n g o f k e y p a r a m e t e r s o f p o p u l a t i o n
f u n c t i o n w i l l a l l o w a s s e s s m e n t o f t h e s u c c e s s o r f a i l u r e o f v a r i o u s m a n a g e m e n t p r a c t i c e s , a n d
p e r m i t m o r e r e a l i s t i c e s t i m a t e s o f t h e a b i l i t y o f p o p u l a t i o n s t o s u s t a i n v a r i o u s l e v e l s o f l o s s . R e g u -
l a r c o m m u n i c a t i o n b e t w e e n r e s e a r c h e r s a n d m a n a g e r s w i l l f a c i l i t a t e b o t h r e s e a r c h a n d m a n a g e -
m e n t d e c i s i o n s .
Action arenas and priority issues:
Address critical knowledge deficiencies of marine turtle biology
i d e n t i f y c r i t i c a l d e f i c i e n c i e s , a p r e l i m i n a r y l i s t i n c l u d e s : o m o r t a l i t y r a t e s a t e a c h l i f e h i s t o r y s t a g e w i t h p a r t i c u l a r a t t e n t i o n t o t h e a q u a t i c s t a g e s o p o p u l a t i o n s t r u c t u r e
Green turtlesbasking ashore
at French Frig-ate Shoals,Hawaiian Is-lands. Turtle onleft carries aradio transmit-ter to allowsatellite track-ing of oceanicmigrations
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g r o w t h r a t e s a g e a t f i r s t r e p r o d u c t i o n a n d r e p r o d u c t i v e l o n -
g e v i t y
p o p u l a t i o n i d e n t i f i c a t i o n , i n c l u d i n g g e o g r a p h i c d i s t r i b u t i o n , h a b i t a t u t i l i z a t i o n a n d m i g r a t o r y
r o u t e s
f i b r o p a p i l l o m a s a n d o t h e r d i s e a s e s ( c a u s e s a n d t r e a t m e n t )
p o p u l a t i o n m o d e l l i n g
r e g u l a t i n g m e c h a n i s m s ( n u t r i t i o n a l , h o r m o n a l )
c r i t i c a l h a b i t a t s
r e v i e w h i s t o r i c d a t a r e l e v a n t t o c o n s e r v a t i o n m a n a g e m e n t o f m a r i n e t u r t l e s
b y p o p u l a t i o n s a n d r e g i o n s t o e l u c i d a t e p o p u l a - t i o n t r e n d s a n d v e r i f y
p o p u l a t i o n m o d e l s
f a c i l i t a t e s p e c i f i c r e s e a r c h t o a d d r e s s d e f i c i e n - c i e s a s i d e n t i f i e d , b y :
a d v o c a t i n g f o r r e s e a r c h a d d r e s s i n g p r i o r i t y i s s u e s
a d v o c a t i n g f o r r e v i s i o n o f r e s e a r c h p e r m i t t i n g p r o c e s s a n d i s s u a n c e o f p e r m i t s w h e r e n e c e s s a r y
Ensure availability of appropriate and compatible data for formulatingeffective conservation management p r o d u c e m a n u a l s o f g u i d e l i n e s a n d t e c h n i q u e s , i n c l u d i n g a l i s t o f c r i t i c a l d e f i c i e n c i e s , b y c o n -
d u c t i n g w o r k s h o p s o r c o m m i s s i o n i n g a t a s k f o r c e
t r a i n p e r s o n n e l a t r e g i o n a l a n d n a t i o n a l l e v e l s i n m e t h o d o l o g i e s f o r c o l l e c t i o n , s t o r a g e a n d a n a l y s i s o f c o m p a t i b l e , h i g h q u a l i t y d a t a b y :
p r o v i d i n g m o d e l t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m s f o r s p e c i a l i z e d t a s k s
i d e n t i f y i n g i n s t i t u t i o n s a n d v e n u e s t h a t c a n o f f e r a p p r o p r i a t e t r a i n i n g
f a c i l i t a t e t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f r e g i o n a l d a t a b a s e s b y :
i d e n t i f y i n g e x i s t i n g d a t a b a s e s
e n c o u r a g i n g s h a r i n g a n d l i n k i n g o f d a t a b a s e s
e s t a b l i s h i n g n e w d a t a b a s e s i n G e o g r a p h i c I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m c o m p a t i b l e f o r m a t s
f a c i l i t a t e s h a r i n g o f r e g i o n a l e x p e r t i s e a n d d a t a b y d e v e l o p i n g a n d d i s t r i b u t i n g a d a t a b a s e o f p e r s o n s a n d i n s t i t u t i o n s i n v o l v e d a n d i n t e r e s t e d i n m a r i n e t u r t l e c o n s e r v a t i o n
Increase understanding of ecological roles of marine turtles p r o m o t e i n c r e a s e d r e s e a r c h i n t o t h e e c o l o g i c a l r o l e s o f m a r i n e t u r t l e s b y :
s u m m a r i z i n g c u r r e n t k n o w l e d g e o f r o l e s i n e n e r g y a n d n u t r i e n t f l o w s , h a b i t a t i m p a c t a n d i n t e r s p e c i f i c i n t e r a c t i o n s
a d v o c a t i n g r e s e a r c h t o f u r t h e r e l u c i d a t e t h e s e r o l e s
Regularly monitor key population parameters and trends m o n i t o r a n d p r o v i d e i n f o r m a t i o n o n p o p u l a t i o n t r e n d s i n a f o r m u s a b l e b y m a n a g e r s
f a c i l i t a t e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f s p e c i f i c n a t i o n a l / r e g i o n a l m o n i t o r i n g p r o g r a m s t o a s s e s s m a n a g e - m e n t s u c c e s s a n d g u i d e f u t u r e m a n a g e m e n t b y p r e p a r i n g a d a t a b a s e o f e x i s t i n g p r o g r a m s a n d
a d v o c a t i n g t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f p r o g r a m s w h e r e t h e r e a r e d e f i c i e n c i e s
r e v i e w t h e c o n s e r v a t i o n s t a t u s a n d t r e n d s o f s e r i o u s l y d e p l e t e d s p e c i e s a n d p o p u l a t i o n s
Green turtle withlife-threateningtumors known asfibropapillomas
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Olive ridley shellsoutside formerslaughterhouse inMexico
Strategy: Integrated Management forSustainable Marine Turtle Populations
Situation: C u r r e n t m a n a g e m e n t f o r s e a t u r t l e c o n s e r v a t i o n i n c l u d e s i n a p p r o p r i a t e o r o u t m o d e d m e t h o d o l o g i e s . L a c k o f e n f o r c e m e n t o f e x i s t i n g l a w s a n d r e g u l a t i o n s c o n t r i b u t e s t o p o o r m a n -
a g e m e n t . A d d i t i o n a l l y , t h e l a c k o f c o o r d i n a t i o n a c r o s s a n e n t i r e s p e c i e s ' o r p o p u l a t i o n ' s g e o -
g r a p h i c r a n g e m a y r e s u l t i n o n e c o u n t r y ' s m a n a g e m e n t a n d c o n s e r v a t i o n e f f o r t s i n a d v e r t e n t l y
b e i n g n e g a t e d b y a c t i v i t i e s a f f e c t i n g t h e s a m e s p e c i e s i n a n o t h e r c o u n t r y o r r e g i o n .
Risk: W h i l e m a n y c u r r e n t e f f o r t s t o c o n s e r v e m a r i n e t u r t l e s w i l l c o n t i n u e , t h e i r u l t i m a t e e f f e c - t i v e n e s s i n m a n y c a s e s w i l l b e h a m p e r e d b y n o n - p e r f o r m a n c e o f a p p r o p r i a t e m a n a g e m e n t , t h e
p e r f o r m a n c e o f i n a p p r o p r i a t e m a n a g e m e n t , a n d t h e p r o b a b i l i t y t h a t t h e b e n e f i c i a l e f f e c t s o f m a n y
m a r i n e t u r t l e m a n a g e m e n t e f f o r t s m a y b e n e g a t e d b y i n a p p r o p r i a t e m a n a g e m e n t i n o t h e r p a r t s o f
t h e s p e c i e s ' o r p o p u l a t i o n ' s r a n g e .
Desired state: A d e q u a t e , a p p r o p r i a t e m a n a g e m e n t o f m a r i n e t u r t l e p o p u l a t i o n s , t h e i r a s s o c i a t e d
h a b i t a t s , a n d c o a s t a l e c o s y s t e m s w i l l r e s u l t i n t h e r e c o v e r y o f m a r i n e t u r t l e p o p u l a t i o n s a n d l e a d t o
t h e i r s u s t a i n a b i l i t y . P e o p l e b e n e f i t f r o m f u l l y f u n c t i o n a l m a r i n e a n d c o a s t a l e c o s y s t e m s w h i c h
i n c l u d e h e a l t h y m a r i n e t u r t l e p o p u l a t i o n s .
Action arenas and priority issues:
Reduce mortality due to:
f i s h e r i e s b y c a t c h ( t r a w l s , l o n g l i n e s , g i l l n e t s , e t c . )
e g g h a r v e s t
t u r t l e h a r v e s t s ( f o r s u b s i s t e n c e a n d t r a d e )
p o l l u t i o n a n d d e b r i s ( i n c l u d i n g l o s t a n d d i s c a r d e d f i s h i n g g e a r )
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d i s e a s e a n d f i b r o p a p i l l o m a s
u n i n t e n t i o n a l n o n - f i s h i n g m o r t a l i t y ( b o a t p r o - p e l l e r s , d r e d g e s , e t c . )
Increase habitat protection and man-agement i d e n t i f y a n d d e s i g n a t e / a c q u i r e c r i t i c a l m a r i n e
t u r t l e h a b i t a t
i n c o r p o r a t e m a r i n e t u r t l e c o n s e r v a t i o n n e e d s i n t o i n t e g r a t e d c o a s t a l m a n a g e m e n t p r o g r a m s
p r o t e c t m a r i n e t u r t l e h a b i t a t s o n l a n d f r o m d e g r a d a t i o n d u e t o c o a s t a l d e v e l o p m e n t , i n -
c l u d i n g i n d u s t r y , a g r i c u l t u r e , u r b a n g r o w t h ,
h i g h w a y s , s a n d m i n i n g , a n d t o u r i s m
c o n s e r v e / m a n a g e m a r i n e t u r t l e f e e d i n g , m i g r a - t i o n , m a t i n g , a n d r e s t i n g h a b i t a t s f r o m d e g r a -
d a t i o n d u e t o d e s t r u c t i v e f i s h i n g p r a c t i c e s ,
p o l l u t i o n , d e b r i s , g l o b a l w a r m i n g , a n d o t h e r
f a c t o r s
Produce new management tech-niques manual and develop trainingcourses to identify and disseminateguidelines for responsible rookerymanagement, including:
h a t c h e r y / i n c u b a t i o n t e c h n i q u e s ( h a n d l i n g , s e x r a t i o , r e l e a s e o f h a t c h l i n g s , e t c . )
p o l i c y o n h e a d s t a r t i n g
m a n a g e d e g g h a r v e s t s
p r e d a t o r c o n t r o l s
l i g h t p o l l u t i o n
e g g a n d h a t c h l i n g t r a n s f e r s b e t w e e n r o o k e r i e s , r e s t o c k i n g
Facilitate integrated management through regional and internationalcooperation and coordination p r o m o t e r e g i o n a l m a n a g e m e n t p l a n s a n d p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l t r e a t i e s
p r o m o t e s h a r i n g o f d a t a / e x p e r t i s e
Advocate legislation/enforcement sensitive to marine turtles
e s t a b l i s h i n t e r n a t i o n a l l i a i s o n s , e v a l u a t e t r e a t i e s a n d l e g i s l a t i o n ( i n c l u d i n g t r a d e ) , p r o v i d e l e g -
i s l a t i v e a d v i c e
a d v o c a t e i n t e g r a t i o n a n d e n f o r c e m e n t o f e x i s t i n g l e g i s l a t i o n
o p p o s e t h o s e a c t i o n s t h a t d o n o t c o m p l y w i t h s o u n d p r i n c i p l e s f o r s u s t a i n e d m a n a g e m e n t
s u p p o r t l o c a l , r e g i o n a l , a n d i n t e r n a t i o n a l e f f o r t s t h a t b e n e f i t m a r i n e t u r t l e s
Top: Subadult logger-head entangled in anet
Above: Cookingleatherback eggs inAmerindian village,
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Strategy: Building Capacity forConservation, Research and Management
Situation: I n m a n y p a r t s o f t h e w o r l d m a r i n e t u r t l e c o n s e r v a t i o n i s h a m p e r e d b y f e w o r n o t r a i n -
i n g o p p o r t u n i t i e s , i n a d e q u a t e f o r m a l e d u c a t i o n , i n s u f f i c i e n t k n o w l e d g e o f o r a c c e s s t o t e c h n o l o g y
a n d i t s a p p l i c a t i o n s , a n d m e a g e r i n s t i t u t i o n a l c a p a c i t y .
Risk: F a i l u r e t o a d d r e s s t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f l o c a l i n s t i t u t i o n s a n d t r a i n i n g w i l l p e r p e t u a t e m a j o r g a p s i n o u r u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f g l o b a l m a r i n e t u r t l e b i o l o g y a n d c o n s e r v a t i o n a n d p r e v e n t t h e l o c a l
e v o l u t i o n o f p r o f e s s i o n a l o p p o r t u n i t i e s a n d i n s t i t u t i o n s i n v o l v e d w i t h m a r i n e t u r t l e c o n s e r v a t i o n .
Desired state: T h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f a p p r o p r i a t e l y t r a i n e d n a t i o n a l a n d l o c a l p e r s o n n e l , p r o f e s - s i o n a l s , a n d l o c a l i n s t i t u t i o n s w o r l d w i d e t o e f f e c t m a r i n e t u r t l e c o n s e r v a t i o n , r e s e a r c h a n d m a n -
a g e m e n t .
Action arenas and priority issues:
Facilitate training opportunities o r g a n i z e a n d i m p l e m e n t t r a i n i n g c o u r s e s
d e v e l o p s c h o l a r s h i p p r o g r a m f o r h i g h e r e d u c a t i o n
e s t a b l i s h f u n d f o r t r a i n i n g a n d m e e t i n g p a r t i c i p a - t i o n
p r o m o t e i n t e r n s h i p p r o g r a m
c a t a l y z e i n t e r n a t i o n a l e x c h a n g e p r o g r a m s
o r g a n i z e r e g i o n a l s t u d y t o u r s
Provide management tools r e v i e w a n d d i s t r i b u t e i n f o r m a t i o n o n s t a n d a r d
m a n a g e m e n t t e c h n i q u e s
p r e p a r e a n d d i s t r i b u t e b e a c h m a n a g e m e n t k i t s w i t h s t a n d a r d e q u i p m e n t a n d i n s t r u c t i o n s
f a c i l i t a t e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f a f u n d t o s u b s i d i z e e q u i p m e n t a c q u i s i t i o n
Establish small grants fund for re-search
Provide information about data basemanagement i d e n t i f y a m o d e l d a t a m a n a g e m e n t s y s t e m f o r
d i s t r i b u t i o n
o r g a n i z e d a t a m a n a g e m e n t t r a i n i n g w o r k s h o p s
Turtle biology andconservation trainingcourse, Costa Rica
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Facilitate the compilation and distributionof reference materials, including books,reprints, slides, and videos
Facilitate use of the Online Sea Turtle Bib-liography and the Marine Turtle Newsletter
Support development of networks
s u p p o r t e x i s t i n g n e t w o r k s
p r o v i d e g u i d e l i n e s f o r n e t w o r k m a n a g e m e n t
f a c i l i t a t e s e e d f u n d i n g f o r n e t w o r k e s t a b l i s h m e n t a n d c o m m u n i c a t i o n
Students beingtrained in turtle datacollection, Guyana
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Strategy: Public Awareness, Information,and Education
Situation: T h e r e c e n t b l o s s o m i n g o f e d u c a t i o n a n d p u b l i c a w a r e n e s s e f f o r t s o n b e h a l f o f m a r i n e t u r t l e s w o r l d w i d e i s i n n e e d o f i m p r o v e d c o o r d i n a t i o n , e n h a n c e d q u a l i t y o f e x e c u t i o n , a n d i n -
c r e a s e d a c t i v i t i e s .
Risk:P u b l i c f a i l u r e t o u n d e r s t a n d a n d c a r e a b o u t m a r i n e t u r t l e s a n d t h e i r n e e d s w i l l r e s u l t i n f e w e r o p t i o n s t o c o n s e r v e t h e s e s p e c i e s .
Desired state: U n i v e r s a l a p p r e c i a t i o n o f t h e v a l u e o f m a r i n e t u r t l e s a n d t h e n e e d t o c o n s e r v e
t h e m , w i t h s p e c i a l e m p h a s i s o n c o a s t a l c o m m u n i t i e s a n d t h e r e s o u r c e u s e r s , w i l l r e s u l t f r o m p u b -
l i c a w a r e n e s s a n d e d u c a t i o n e f f o r t s . B o t h a t t i t u d e s a n d a c t i o n s w i l l i n f l u e n c e m a r i n e t u r t l e
c o n s e r v a t i o n p o s i t i v e l y .
Action arenas and priority issues:
Establish MTSG Environmental Education Task Force a p p o i n t l e a d e r i d e n t i f y m e m b e r s
Identify and promote six successful environmental education models s u p p o r t e x c h a n g e s p r o d u c e m a t e r i a l s
d i s s e m i n a t e i n f o r m a t i o n
h i g h l i g h t t h e s e e x a m p l e s i n t h e a p p r o p r i a t e f o r a
Local Nahuachildren andturtle campworker withblack turtle inMichoacan,Mexico
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Improve quality and execution ofeducation efforts a r c h i v e e x i s t i n g e d u c a t i o n a l m a t e r i a l s
i m p r o v e e x i s t i n g e d u c a t i o n a l m a t e r i a l s
d i s s e m i n a t e s u c c i n c t m a r i n e t u r t l e f a c t s h e e t s
d e v e l o p n e w e d u c a t i o n a l m a t e r i a l s , i n c l u d - i n g i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t m a r i n e t u r t l e e c o s y s -
t e m s a n d l o c a l c o a s t a l c u l t u r e s
i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t m a r i n e t u r t l e e c o s y s t e m s a n d l o c a l c o a s t a l c u l t u r e s
d e v e l o p m o d e l i n t e r p r e t i v e m a t e r i a l s
Improve coordination e n c o u r a g e w o r l d w i d e e l e c t r o n i c n e t w o r k ,
s u c h a s C T U R T L E , a n I n t e r n e t l i s t s e r v e r
d i s c u s s i o n g r o u p
e x c h a n g e m a t e r i a l s
e n c o u r a g e l o c a l , r e g i o n a l , a n d i n t e r n a t i o n a l m e e t i n g s
c o l l a b o r a t e w i t h e x i s t i n g m a r i n e a n d c o a s t a l e d u c a t i o n a n d i n f o r m a t i o n p r o g r a m s a n d n e t w o r k s
Expand/increase educational programs o b t a i n s e e d f u n d i n g f o r n e w p r o g r a m s
i n t e g r a t e i n f o r m a t i o n o n m a r i n e t u r t l e s i n t o p u b l i c s c h o o l c u r r i c u l a
c o m m u n i c a t e w i t h t e x t b o o k e d i t o r s
e d u c a t e p o l i t i c i a n s , g o v e r n m e n t o f f i c i a l s , a n d a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o n a l l l e v e l s
i d e n t i f y k e y t a r g e t g r o u p s , i n c l u d i n g c h i l d r e n , a d u l t s , a n d b u s i n e s s m e n a n d d e v e l o p s p e c i f i c l i t e r a t u r e f o r t h e m
Expand involvement with mass media h o l d w o r k s h o p s f o r e d u c a t o r s a n d m e d i a e x p e r t s d e v e l o p s a m p l e p r e s s r e l e a s e s
Train talented educators i d e n t i f y t a l e n t e d e d u c a t o r s c o n d u c t t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m s o r g a n i z e i n t e r n a t i o n a l e d u c a t i o n a l e x -
c h a n g e s
Turtle education program,Guatemala
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Strategy: Community Participation inConservation
Situation: L o c a l c o m m u n i t i e s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h m a r i n e t u r t l e s a n d t h e i r h a b i t a t s a r e o f t e n a s t r o n g f o r c e i n t h e d e p l e t i o n o f m a r i n e t u r t l e p o p u l a t i o n s a n d t h e d e s t r u c t i o n o f t h e i r h a b i t a t s . W h e r e
m a n a g e m e n t p r o j e c t s h a v e e x c l u d e d r u r a l p e o p l e a s a g e n t s i n c o n s e r v a t i o n , u n s u s t a i n a b l e m a n -
a g e m e n t p l a n s h a v e s o m e t i m e s r e s u l t e d .
Risk: U n s u s t a i n a b l e u s e o f m a r i n e t u r t l e s a n d t h e d e s t r u c t i o n o f t h e i r h a b i t a t s w i l l c o n t i n u e . L a c k
o f u n d e r s t a n d i n g a n d i n v o l v e m e n t w i l l l e a d t o l a c k o f s u p p o r t f o r c o n s e r v a t i o n a c t i v i t i e s . I n a p p r o -
p r i a t e c o n s e r v a t i o n s t r a t e g i e s w i l l c o n t r i b u t e t o s o c i o e c o n o m i c a n d c u l t u r a l d e g r a d a t i o n .
Desired state: E n c o u r a g e m a r i n e t u r t l e r e c o v e r y m a n a g e m e n t p l a n s t h a t a d d r e s s a n d i n c l u d e t h e p o l i t i c a l , e c o n o m i c , a n d c u l t u r a l c o n d i t i o n s o f c o a s t a l p e o p l e a f f e c t e d b y m a n a g e m e n t a c t i o n s a n d
p r o m o t e , w h e r e a p p r o p r i a t e , t h e a c t i v e p a r t i c i p a t i o n o f t h e s e c o m m u n i t i e s i n m a r i n e t u r t l e c o n s e r -
v a t i o n . P r o m o t e g r a s s r o o t s m o v e m e n t s l e a d i n g t o w a r d s s e l f - s u f f i c i e n c y .
Action arenas and priority issues:
Promote and facilitate the participation of coastal communities in conservation, research, andmanagement
i d e n t i f y a n d p r o m o t e s u c c e s s f u l e x a m p l e s a n d e x a m i n e u n s u c c e s s f u l o n e s
f a c i l i t a t e m o d e l d e v e l o p m e n t a n d t r a n s f e r
f a c i l i t a t e i n t e g r a t i o n o f l o c a l p e o p l e i n t o o n g o i n g p r o j e c t s f a c i l i t a t e t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m s f o r l o c a l r e s e a r c h e r s
Fish-catcherin Guyanacollaborating
in data collec-tion withaccidentallycaught leath-erback priorto its release
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Improve information base of coastalcommunities
f a c i l i t a t e e d u c a t i o n p r o g r a m s i n c o m m u n i t y t i e s
f a c i l i t a t e t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m s f o r c o m m u n i t y m e m b e r s ( i n c l u d i n g v i s i t s t o o t h e r c o m m u n i t y
p r o j e c t s )
c o m p i l e a n d d i s s e m i n a t e r e s o u r c e m a t e r i a l s
p r o m o t e i n f o r m a t i o n n e t w o r k s a m o n g c o m - m u n i t i e s a n d i n f o r m a t i o n s o u r c e s
Promote and facilitate conservation as anintegral part of community development
p r o m o t e e n v i r o n m e n t a l s u s t a i n a b i l i t y a n d e c o n o m i c s e l f - s u f f i c i e n c y a t t h e c o m m u n i t y
l e v e l
r e i n f o r c e i n t e r n a l s t r u c t u r e o f c o m m u n i t y
p r o m o t e a v e n u e s f o r d i r e c t b e n e f i t t o l o c a l c o m m u n i t i e s
p r o m o t e l o c a l l y o w n e d a n d o p e r a t e d e f f o r t s
Identify and promote economic alternatives to exploitation and economic incen-tives to conserve marine turtles (e.g., ecotourism, handicrafts)
i d e n t i f y a n d d i s s e m i n a t e e x a m p l e s , o p p o r t u n i t i e s , a n d a p p r o a c h e s , i n c l u d i n g a l t e r n a t e s o u r c e s o f f o o d a n d l i v e l i h o o d
Develop policy, guidelines, and monitoring mechanisms for community partici-pation in conservation programs
Facilitate establishment of small grants program for activities at the community level
e s t a b l i s h c r i t e r i a
i d e n t i f y f u n d i n g s o u r c e s ( i n c l u d i n g d e v e l o p m e n t a g e n c i e s ) a n d d i s s e m i n a t e i n f o r m a t i o n
f a c i l i t a t e a n d / o r r e v i e w p r o p o s a l s f o r g r a n t s
p r o v i d e s e e d f u n d i n g
Burying turtle eggsin the school'shatchery is a con-servation activityundertaken in Barrade Santiago, ElSalvador
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Strategy: Regional and InternationalCooperation
Situation: M a r i n e t u r t l e s a r e h i g h l y m i g r a t o r y a n d u t i l i z e t h e w a t e r s o f m o r e t h a n o n e c o u n t r y i n t h e i r l i f e t i m e s . W i t h i n a r e g i o n , c o n s e r v a t i o n e f f o r t s f o r t u r t l e p o p u l a t i o n s i n o n e c o u n t r y m a y b e j e o p a r d -
i z e d b y a c t i v i t i e s i n a n o t h e r c o u n t r y . T h u s , c o o p e r a t i o n a m o n g r a n g e c o u n t r i e s i s c r i t i c a l t o e n s u r e t h e
s u r v i v a l o f m a r i n e t u r t l e s . A g r e e m e n t s a d d r e s s i n g p r o t e c t i o n o f m a r i n e t u r t l e s o n t h e h i g h s e a s a r e
n e e d e d .
Risk: L a c k o f c o o p e r a t i v e r e g i o n a l e f f o r t s w i l l l e a d t o i n e f f e c t i v e t u r t l e m a n a g e m e n t , s o c i o e c o n o m i c a n d c u l t u r a l d e g r a d a t i o n , a n d t h e w a s t e a n d m i s u s e o f l i m i t e d h u m a n a n d f i n a n c i a l r e s o u r c e s .
Desired state: R a n g e c o u n t r i e s e n d o r s e a n d s u p p o r t i n t e r n a t i o n a l a g r e e m e n t s a n d e f f o r t s w h i c h r e c o g n i z e t h a t m a r i n e t u r t l e s a r e s h a r e d r e s o u r c e s r e q u i r i n g b o t h c o o p e r a t i v e c o n s e r v a t i o n e f f o r t s a n d
t h e s u s t a i n e d i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f e f f e c t i v e p r o g r a m s a n d p r o j e c t s .
Action arenas and priority issues:
Encourage national governments, regional and international organizations/fora to de-velop and support national and regional programs for long-term conservation of ma-rine turtles and their habitats
p r o m o t e t e c h n i c a l a s s i s t a n c e a n d s u p p o r t t o r e g i o n a l m a r i n e t u r t l e c o n s e r v a t i o n a n d m a n a g e m e n t p r o g r a m s a n d r e g i o n a l i n i t i a t i v e s
Promote full implementation of CITES, the Convention on International Trade in En-dangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
i d e n t i f y i n t e r e s t e d p a r t i e s o n l o c a l , n a t i o n a l a n d i n t e r n a t i o n a l b a s e s
f a c i l i t a t e C I T E S w o r k s h o p s a n d s t a n d a r d l a w e n f o r c e m e n t w o r k s h o p s f o r e n f o r c e m e n t p e r s o n n e l
p r o m o t e d e v e l o p m e n t o f e d u c a t i o n a l m a t e r i a l s t o s t o p i l l i c i t a c t i v i t i e s u n d e r C I T E S , e . g . , i n t e r n a - t i o n a l t r a d e i n m a r i n e t u r t l e e g g s a n d s h e l l s
Promote international regional agreements for marine turtles under CMS, the Conven-tion on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, that provide for coor-dinated species and habitat conservation measures, cooperative research and moni-toring, information exchange and educational activities
p r i o r i t i z e r e g i o n s n e e d i n g i n t e r n a t i o n a l a g r e e m e n t s
f a c i l i t a t e t h e d r a f t i n g o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l a g r e e m e n t s , e n c o u r a g i n g l o c a l p a r t i c i p a t i o n t h r o u g h w o r k - s h o p s , e t c .
i d e n t i f y g o v e r n m e n t s , i n s t i t u t i o n s a n d i n d i v i d u a l s t o d r a f t a n d p r o m o t e a g r e e m e n t s n a t i o n a l l y a n d r e g i o n a l l y t h r o u g h r e g i o n a l m e e t i n g s , e x c h a n g e p r o g r a m s e t c .
p r o m o t e f u l l i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f C M S , i n c l u d i n g m o n i t o r i n g o f d o m e s t i c t a k i n g o f m a r i n e t u r t l e s i n c o n s i s t e n t w i t h C M S o b l i g a t i o n s , e f f o r t s t o c o n s e r v e / r e s t o r e h a b i t a t , a n d e f f o r t s t o p r e v e n t , r e -
d u c e , o r c o n t r o l f a c t o r s e n d a n g e r i n g m a r i n e t u r t l e s
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Evaluate other existing treaties, agreements, and cooperative programs, such as theBern and Barcelona Conventions, and promote international agreements where appro-priate
r e c o m m e n d c h a n g e s a s n e e d e d
p a r t i c i p a t e i n s e l e c t e d t r e a t i e s a n d p r o g r a m s a s a p p r o p r i a t e a s s i s t t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t a n d i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f a d d i t i o n a l c o o p e r a t i v e p r o g r a m s
p r o m o t e f u l l i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f a p p l i c a b l e t r e a t i e s a n d c o o p e r a t i v e p r o g r a m s
Work with the United Nations and UN bodies such as UNEP/CMS to develop and im-plement agreements addressing the protection of marine turtles on the high seas
Facilitate the drafting of new international agreements as needed
p r i o r i t i z e r e g i o n s n e e d i n g i n t e r n a t i o n a l a g r e e m e n t s a n d i d e n t i f y c r i t e r i a / g u i d e l i n e s f o r s e l e c - t i o n
i d e n t i f y d r a f t e r s , f a c i l i t a t e l o c a l p a r t i c i p a t i o n , a n d p r o d u c e f i r s t d r a f t
i d e n t i f y i n d i v i d u a l s a n d i n s t i t u t i o n s t o p r o m o t e a g r e e m e n t s n a t i o n a l l y a n d r e g i o n a l l y b y c o n - d u c t i n g r e g i o n a l m e e t i n g s a n d f a c i l i t a t i n g e x c h a n g e p r o g r a m s
Monitor, evaluate, and make recommendations to relevant treaties and ongoing pro-grams
i d e n t i f y t a s k f o r c e t o m o n i t o r , e v a l u a t e a n d m a k e r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s
s e t e v a l u a t i o n s t a n d a r d s
Researcher observes nestinghawkbill's return to the sea inIndia
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Strategy: Evaluation of the Status ofMarineTurtles
Situation: R e v i s i o n s i n t h e c r i t e r i a b y w h i c h I U C N - T h e W o r l d C o n s e r v a t i o n U n i o n - a n d C I T E S , t h e C o n v e n t i o n o n I n t e r n a t i o n a l T r a d e i n E n d a n g e r e d S p e c i e s o f W i l d F a u n a a n d F l o r a ,
d e s i g n a t e t h e s t a t u s o f s p e c i e s h a v e r e c e n t l y o c c u r r e d . I t i s n o t k n o w n w h e t h e r t h e s e r e v i s e d c r i t e -
r i a a r e a p p r o p r i a t e f o r m a r i n e t u r t l e s . S t a t u s d e s i g n a t i o n s u n d e r o t h e r c o n v e n t i o n s a n d t r e a t i e s
s h o u l d b e r e v i e w e d r e g u l a r l y .
Risk: M a r i n e t u r t l e s m a y b e i n c o r r e c t l y a s s i g n e d t o s t a t u s c a t e g o r i e s b y I U C N , C I T E S a n d o t h e r t r e a t i e s e i t h e r b e c a u s e t h e c r i t e r i a a r e i n a p p r o p r i a t e f o r m a r i n e t u r t l e s o r b e c a u s e w e h a v e i n s u f f i -
c i e n t d a t a f o r a n a l y s i s .
Desired state: A c c u r a t e d e s i g n a t i o n o f m a r i n e t u r t l e s u n d e r a p p r o p r i a t e c r i t e r i a .
Action arenas and priority issues:
Decide whether to assign marine turtle status at species or population level for IUCNand CITES categories
Determine necessary parameters for evaluation ofspecies or populations under IUCN and CITES cri-teria
p o p u l a t i o n s i z e
g e n e r a t i o n t i m e
p o p u l a t i o n t r e n d s
q u a n t i t a t i v e p o p u l a t i o n a n a l y s i s ( e . g . , p o p u l a t i o n m o d - e l l i n g )
Determine status of each species or populationunder new IUCN criteria
Determine status of each species or populationunder new CITES criteria
Evaluate appropriateness of IUCN criteria for ma-rine turtles. If inappropriate, work to improve
Evaluate appropriateness of CITES criteria for ma-rine turtles. If inappropriate, work to improve
Ensure MTSG continues its major role in assigningIUCN status designations to marine turtles
Compile data on marine turtles worldwide to de-termine global status
Investigate options within CMS, the Convention onthe Conservation of Migratory Species ofWild Animals, to provide for
Students par-ticipating inleatherbacktagging Guyana
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long-term sustainable management of ma-rine turtles in selected Range States. If ap-propriate, develop guidelines
Assess status of marine turtles in other in-ternational conventions, treaties and in na-tional legislation. Evaluate the criteria usedto designate status of marine turtles
Review status designations at intervals thatare appropriate for each convention/ treaty
Nesting Kemp's ridley,Rancho Nuevo, Mexico
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Strategy: Funding for Marine TurtleConservation
Situation: L i m i t e d c o r e f u n d s n e e d t o b e a u g m e n t e d t o p r o m o t e c o n s e r v a t i o n o f m a r i n e t u r t l e s
a n d s u p p o r t M T S G p r o f e s s i o n a l s t a f f
Risk: I n a d e q u a t e f u n d i n g w i l l l i m i t t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f A G l o b a l S t r a t e g y f o r t h e C o n s e r v a t i o n
o f M a r i n e T u r t l e s a n d s e r i o u s l y i m p e d e e f f o r t s t o m a n a g e m a r i n e t u r t l e p o p u l a t i o n s o n a s u s t a i n -
a b l e b a s i s . W i t h o u t a d d i t i o n a l f u n d i n g t h e M T S G w i l l l o s e i t s f u l l t i m e c o o r d i n a t o r a n d o p p o r t u n i -
t i e s t o i m p l e m e n t e f f e c t i v e c o n s e r v a t i o n p r o g r a m s .
Desired state: S u f f i c i e n t f u n d i n g w i l l s u p p o r t r e a l p r o g r e s s i n t h e c o n s e r v a t i o n a n d m a n a g e m e n t o f m a r i n e t u r t l e s a n d m a i n t a i n M T S G p r o f e s s i o n a l s t a f f
Action arenas and priority issues:
Identify available sources of funds, including: g l o b a l e n v i r o n m e n t a l i n s t i t u t i o n s
g o v e r n m e n t a l s o u r c e s
n o n - g o v e r n m e n t a l s o u r c e s
Collaborate with other SSC/IUCN groups on funding
d e v e l o p m u l t i - s p e c i e s p r o p o s a l s
i n c l u d e m a r i n e t u r t l e s i n l a r g e r p r o j e c t p r o p o s a l s
Loggerhead hatchlingsheading for the ocean, USA
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Facilitate local, national, and regional fundraising activities
p r o v i d e i n f o r m a t i o n o n G l o b a l E n v i r o n m e n t F a c i l i t y ( G E F ) f u n d - i n g o p p o r t u n i t i e s t o n a t i o n a l c o n t a c t s
s h a r e s u c c e s s f u l f u n d r a i s i n g m o d e l s a s s i s t p r o p o s a l d e v e l o p m e n t
u n d e r t a k e p r o p o s a l r e v i e w
i d e n t i f y f o u n d a t i o n s a n d o t h e r f u n d e r s t h a t r e q u i r e i n c o u n t r y i n i t i a - t i v e s
a s s i s t / s e c u r e f u n d i n g f o r a p p r o v e d a c t i v i t i e s
Maintain MTSG professional staff
e s t a b l i s h f u n d i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s o b t a i n f u n d r a i s i n g / d e v e l o p m e n t t r a i n i n g f o r P r o g r a m O f f i c e r
Flatback turtle in Australia
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Strategy: Operation of the Marine TurtleSpecialist Group
Situation: T h e M T S G m u s t b e c o m e i n c r e a s i n g l y e f f e c t i v e a n d e f f i c i e n t i n c a p i t a l i z i n g o n o p p o r - t u n i t i e s p r o v i d e d b y r e c e n t f i n a n c i a l s u p p o r t f o r a P r o g r a m O f f i c e r a n d i n c r e a s e d a c t i v i t i e s .
Risk: A p o o r l y f u n c t i o n i n g g r o u p w i l l l o s e o p p o r t u n i t i e s t o p r o v i d e e x p e r t i s e a n d s u p p o r t f o r i s s u e s a n d p r o j e c t s .
Desired state: T h e M T S G s h o u l d b e a n e f f i c i e n t a n d e f f e c t i v e o r g a n i z a t i o n w i t h a s t r o n g f e e l i n g o f g r o u p i d e n t i t y . T h i s w i l l s t r e n g t h e n m a r i n e t u r t l e c o n s e r v a t i o n a n d r e s e a r c h p r o g r a m s .
Action arenas and priority issues:
Improve internal communication
e n c o u r a g e e l e c t r o n i c ( I n t e r n e t ) c o m m u n i c a t i o n
d i s t r i b u t e M T S G B u l l e t i n e n c o u r a g e w o r l d w i d e a n d r e g i o n a l m e e t i n g s o f M T S G
t e s t s o f t w a r e t o t r a n s l a t e M T S G B u l l e t i n a n d o t h e r d o c u m e n t s i n t o o t h e r l a n g u a g e s
i d e n t i f y w i l l i n g t r a n s l a t o r s w i t h i n M T S G m e m b e r s h i p
Improve external communication e n c o u r a g e u s e o f C T U R T L E ( I n t e r n e t l i s t s e r v e r d i s c u s s i o n g r o u p ) c r e a t e M T S G f a c t s h e e t f o r m e m b e r s t o d i s t r i b u t e t o g o v e r n m e n t s , n e w s p a p e r s , a n d
n o n - g o v e r n m e n t a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s
Loggerhead turtleemerging from aTurtle ExcluderDevice (TED) installedin a shrimp net
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m a i l M T S G S t r a t e g y , A G l o b a l S t r a t e g y f o r t h e C o n s e r v a t i o n o f M a r i n e T u r t l e s , t o m a j o r o r g a n i - z a t i o n s
e n c o u r a g e m e m b e r s t o d i s t r i b u t e M T S G S t r a t e g y
Strive to incorporate members from all regions and appropriate disciplines
i d e n t i f y u n d e r - r e p r e s e n t e d r e g i o n s a n d / o r c o u n t r i e s a n d s t r i v e t o a p p o i n t m e m b e r s f r o m t h o s e a r e a s
b e o p e n t o m e m b e r s f r o m a l l a p p r o p r i a t e d i s c i p l i n e s
Secure permanent position for Program Officer and address other professional staffneeds as appropriate
Draft guidelines and terms of reference for MTSG members to complement the SSC'sA Member's Guide
d e v e l o p m e m b e r s h i p r o l e s a n d r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s
i d e n t i f y a p p r o p r i a t e u s e o f M T S G a f f i l i a t i o n d e v e l o p s y s t e m f o r d r a f t i n g , a p p r o v i n g , a n d d i s s e m i n a t i n g M T S G p o s i t i o n s a n d p o s i t i o n p a p e r s
Increase delegation of tasks to MTSG members by MTSG Chair, with advice of Execu-tive Committee and Program Officer a p p o i n t t a s k f o r c e s t o d e a l w i t h s p e c i f i c i s s u e s
d e l e g a t e t a s k s t o i n d i v i d u a l m e m b e r s
Improve system for appointment and reappointment of MTSG members
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Appendices
Suggested Guidelines for Setting Priorities
1. Significance of Issue
level of criticality
universality/broadness of application
2. Risk or Threat to Population
degree of urgency for action
degree of threat to population/species
3. Contribution to Long-term Conservation
level of integration in approach
magnitude of contribution to capacity building
level of involvement of local people
degree of catalysis for further action
magnitude of existing momentum
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MTSG Strategic Planning Participants
* A l b e r t o A b r e u B I T M A R
E s t a c i o n M a z a t l a n
I . C . M . L . / U . N . A . M .
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M a z a t l a n , S i n a l o a 8 2 0 0 0
M E X I C O
* G e o r g e B a l a z s
N a t i o n a l M a r i n e F i s h e r i e s
S e r v i c e 2 5 7 0 D o l e S t r e e t
H o n o l u l u , H I 9 6 8 2 2 - 2 3 9 6
U S A
* K a r e n B j o r n d a l
A r c h i e C a r r C e n t e r f o r S e a
T u r t l e R e s e a r c h
B a r t r a r n H a l l
U n i v e r s i t y o f F l o r i d a
G a i n e s v i l l e , F L 3 2 6 1 1
U S A
E n g - H e n g C h a n
F i s h e r i e s a n d M a r i n e
S c i e n c e C e n t r e
U n i v e r s i t i P e r t a n i a n
M a l a y s i a
M e n g a b a n g T e l i p o t
2 1 0 3 0 K u a l a T e r e n g g a n u
M A L A Y S I A
A n n y C h a v e s
A p d o . 1 8 - 3 0 1 9
S a n P a b l o
H e r e d i a
C O S T A R I C A
* D e b o r a h C r o u s e
C e n t e r f o r M a r i n e C o n s e r -
v a t i o n
1 7 2 5 D e S a l e s S t r e e t , N W
# 5 0 0 W a s h i n g t o n , D C
2 0 0 3 6
U S A
M a r i a n o G i m e n e z D i x o n
W o r l d C o n s e r v a t i o n U n -
i o n - I U C N
R u e M a u v e r n e y 2 8
C H - 1 1 9 6 G l a n d
S W I T Z E R L A N D
M a r y d e l e D o n n e l l y
M T S G O f f i c e
c / o C e n t e r f o r M a r i n e C o n -
s e r v a t i o n
1 7 2 5 D e S a l e s S t r e e t , N W
# 5 0 0
W a s h i n g t o n , D C 2 0 0 3 6
U S A
C a r l o s H a s b u n
M i n i s t e r i o d e A g r i c u l t u r a y
G a n a d e r i a C e n t r o d e R e c u r -
s o s N a t u r a l c s
A p a r t a d o P o s t a l 2 2 6 5
C a n t o n E l M a t a s a n o , S o y a -
p a n g o
E L S A L V A D O R
K a z u o H o r i k o s h i
O g a s a w a r a M a r i n e C e n t e r
P O B o x 4 0 4
C h i c h i - j i m a
O g a s a w a r a - m u r a
T o k y o 1 0 0 - 2 1
J A P A N
R h e m a K e r r
H o p e Z o o
M i n i s t r y o f A g r i c u l t u r e
H o p e G a r d e n s
J A M A I C A
* C o l i n L i m p u s
C o n s e r v a t i o n S t r a t e g y
B r a n c h Q u e e n s l a n d
D e p t . o f E n v i r o n m e n t a n d
H e r i t a g e
P O B o x 5 4 1
C a p a l a b a 4 1 5 7
A U S T R A L I A
* N e c a M a r c o v a l d i
F u n d a c a o P r o - T A M A R
C a i x a P o s t a l 2 2 1 9
S a l v a d o r B a h i a , C E P 4 1 9 1 1
B R A Z I L
* D i m i t r i s M a r g a r i t o u l i s
S e a T u r t l e P r o t e c t i o n S o c i -
e t y
P O B o x 5 1 1 5 4 1 4 5 1 0
K i f i s s i a G R E E C E
P . M o h a n t y - H e j m a d i
D e p a r t m e n t o f Z o o l o g y
U t k a l U n i v e r s i t y , V a n i
V i h a r
P o s t B o x N o . 8 6 G . P . O .
B h u b a n e s w a r 7 5 1 0 0 4
O r i s s a
I N D I A
R o d n e y S a l m
I U C N - T h e W o r l d
C o n s e r v a t i o n U n i o n
R e g i o n a l O f f i c e E a s t e r n
A f r i c a
P O B o x 6 8 2 0 0
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K E N Y A
J o o p P . S c h u l z
W O R P 3
7 4 1 9 A B
D e v e n t e r
N E T H E R L A N D S
C h a r l e s T a m b i a h
1 8 6 7 C a v e n d i s h C o u r t
C h a r l o t t e , N C 2 8 2 1 1
U S A
R o m e o B . T r o n o
P O B o x U . P . 2 0 9
U n i v e r s i t y o f t h e
P h i l i p p i n e s
U . P . C a m p u s , D i l i m a n ,
Q u e z o n C i t y I 1 0 1
P H I L I P P I N E S
* J a c k W o o d y
1 7 4 8 B l a c k R i v e r D r i v e
R i o R a n c h o , N M 8 7 1 2 4
U S A
B e r t D a v i d , s t r a t e g i c p l a n -
n e r
S u s a n W a r n e r , s t r a t e g i c
p l a n n e r
T h e L e a d A l l i a n c e 4 2 0 8
E v e r g r e e n L a n e , # 2 1 5 A n -
n a n d a l e , V A 2 2 0 0 3 U S A
* E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e M e m b e r
-
8/3/2019 A Global Strategy for Conservation of Marine Turtles
30/30
IUCN/Species Survival Commission
The Species Survival Commission (SSC) is one of six volunteer commissions of lUCN-The World Conservation Union-a union of sovereign states, government agencies andnongovernmental organizations. lUCN has three basic conservation objectives: to securethe conservation of nature, and especially of biological diversity, as an essential foundationfor the future; to ensure that where the earth's natural resources are used this is done in a
wise, equitable and sustainable way; and to guide the development of human communitiestowards ways of life that are both of good quality and in enduring harmony with othercomponents of the biosphere.
The SSC's mission is to conserve biological diversity by developing and executingprograms to save, restore and wisely manage species and their habitats. A volunteernetwork comprised of nearly 6,000 scientists, field researchers, government officials andconservation leaders from 179 countries, the SSC membership is an unmatched source ofinformation about biological diversity and its conservation. As such, SSC members providetechnical and scientific counsel for conservation projects throughout the world and serveas resources to governments, international conventions and conservation organizations.
Published by lUCN
This report is part of the lUCN Conservation Library
For a free copy of the complete catalogue please write to lUCN Publications Services Unit, 219cHuntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 ODL, U.K.