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A Divided America:The French Revolution
& Jay’s Treaty
Presentation created by Robert MartinezPrimary Source Content: America’s History
Images as cited.
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America’s merchants profited handsomely during the French
Revolution.
paulinespiratesandprivateer
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In 1793, President Washington issued a Proclamation of Neutrality, which allowed U.S. citizens to trade with both the British and the French.
www74.homepage.villanova.ed
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As neutral carriers, American merchants were initially able to pass their ships through the British naval blockade of
French ports; soon they dominated the lucrative sugar trade between France and
its West Indian islands.
americanhistory.si.edu
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Commercial earnings rose spectacularly, averaging $20 million
annually in the 1790s, twice the value of cotton and tobacco exports.
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As the American merchant fleet increased dramatically, from 355,000
tons in 1790 to more than 1.1 million tons in 1808, northern ship owners provided work for thousands of shipwrights, sail
makers, laborers, and seamen.
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Hundreds of carpenters, masons, and cabinetmakers in the major seaports of
Boston, New York, and Philadelphia found work building warehouses and
fashionable “Federal-style” town houses
for newly affluent merchants.
minerdescent.wordpress.com
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Even as they profited from the European struggle, Americans argued passionately over its
ideologies.
www.ohio.history.org
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Most Americans had welcomed the French Revolution of 1789 because
it abolished feudalism and established a constitutional
monarchy.
blog.lib.umn.edu
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There was much less consensus, however, in 1792, when the French
formed a democratic republic. Many Americans applauded the downfall of the
French monarchy.
french.lovetoknow.com
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Conversely, Americans with strong religious beliefs condemned the new
French government because it rejected Christianity and closed many churches, instead promoting a “rational” religion
based on “natural morality.”
www.historywiz.com
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Wealthy Americans also condemned the execution of King Louis XVI, three thousand of the king’s aristocratic
supporters, and fourteen thousand other citizens.
historywallcharts.eu
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These ideological conflicts sharpened the debate over
Hamilton’s economic policies and helped to stir up domestic
insurrection.
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In 1794, farmers in western Pennsylvania mounted the Whiskey Rebellion to
protest Hamilton’s excise tax on spirits, which had raised the price, and cut the
demand, for the corn whiskey they bartered for eastern manufactures.
roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes
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Like the Sons of Liberty in 1765 and the Shaysites in 1786, the Whiskey
rebels attacked both local tax collectors and the authority of a
distant government.
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They also waved banners proclaiming the French
revolutionary slogan “Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity!”
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To uphold national authority and deter secessionist movements along the
frontier, President Washington raised an army of twelve thousand troops and
dispersed the Whiskey rebels.
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Britain’s maritime strategy widened the political divisions in America. In
November 1793, the Royal Navy began to stop American ships carrying French
sugar, eventually seizing more than 250
vessels.
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Hoping to protect American property rights through diplomacy, President Washington dispatched John Jay to
Britain.
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Jay returned with a controversial treaty that acknowledged
Britain’s right to remove French property from neutral ships.
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The treaty also required the U.S. government to make “full and complete compensation” to British merchants for pre-Revolutionary War debts owed by
American citizens who refused to pay them.
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In return, the agreement allowed American merchants to submit claims of illegal
seizure to arbitration and, more important, required the British to remove their military garrisons from the Northwest Territory and
to end their alliance with the Indians there.
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Jefferson and other Republicans attacked the treaty for being too
conciliatory, but the Senate ratified it in 1795, albeit by the bare two-thirds
majority required by the Constitution.
heirborne.yolasite.com
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As long as Hamilton and his Federalist allies were in power, the
United States would have a pro-British foreign policy.
www.anistor.gr