77 77Describing
OriginalMeaning
DescribingOriginalMeaning
II. Structure II. Structure
III. Original MeaningIII. Original Meaning
I. Basic Idea (Josh 2:1-24) I. Basic Idea (Josh 2:1-24)
KingdomKingdom
Heavenly Divine Regency
Worldwide Divine Regency
Nu
mer
ical
Exp
ansi
on
of
Imag
eG
eog
raph
ical Exp
ansio
n o
f Imag
e
How is the expansion of the Kingdom administered
throughout history?
How is the expansion of the Kingdom administered
throughout history?
Covenants Covenants
Yahweh administers his expanding Kingdom
through covenants.
Yahweh administers his expanding Kingdom
through covenants.
Divine BenevolenceDivine Benevolence
Human LoyaltyHuman Loyalty
Ble
ssin
gs
in N
atu
re a
nd
Wa
rB
less
ing
s in
Na
ture
an
d W
ar
Cu
rse
s in N
ature
and
War
Cu
rse
s in N
ature
and
War
Joshua as Application of Covenant (11.1)Joshua as Application of Covenant (11.1)
BooksBooksA
ud
ience
Au
dien
ceWri
ter
Wri
ter
Biblical books apply covenant dynamics in a variety of ways
to specific situations to further the expansion of God’s Kingdom.
Joshua JoshuaA
ud
ience
Au
dien
ceWri
ter
Wri
ter To teach Israel how to live in
the land especially in the areas of holy war, land
distribution and covenant renewal.
Describing Original Meaning through Literary AnalysisDescribing Original Meaning through Literary Analysis
Central Concerns of
Original Meaning of Joshua 2:1-24
Central Concerns of
Original Meaning of Joshua 2:1-24
ModernApplication
ModernApplication
AudienceAudience
WriterWriter
DocumentDocument
How does Joshua 2:1-24 contribute to the book’s original meaning?
How does Joshua 2:1-24 contribute to the book’s original meaning?
Literary Approach Joshua (11.2)Literary Approach Joshua (11.2)
Acknowledge the Integrality of
Form and Content
77 77Describing
OriginalMeaning
DescribingOriginalMeaning
II. Structure II. Structure
III. Original MeaningIII. Original Meaning
I. Basic Idea (Josh 2:1-24) I. Basic Idea (Josh 2:1-24)
JoshuaJoshua
Three Parts of Joshua (11.3)Three Parts of Joshua (11.3)
Covenant Life (Renewal) in the Land23:1 – 24:33
Inheritance of the Land13:1 – 22:34
Conquest of the Land1:1 – 12:24Conquest of the Land1:1 – 12:24
Conquest of the Land 1:1 – 12:24
Prototypical Battles2:1-8:34
Other Campaigns9:1-12:24
Divine Commission to War1:1-18
Conquest of Land (11.4) Conquest of Land (11.4)
Conquest of the Land 1:1 – 12:24
Prototypical Battles2:1-8:34
Other Campaigns9:1-12:24
Divine Commission to War1:1-18Prototypical Initial Battles2:1-8:34
Positive Model of Battle of Jericho2:1-6:27
Negative Model of Battle of Ai7:1-9:1
Prototypical Battles (11.5) Prototypical Battles (11.5)
Conquest of the Land 1:1 – 12:24
Prototypical Battles2:1-8:34
Other Campaigns9:1-12:24
Divine Commission to War1:1-18
Prototypical Initial Battles2:1-8:34
Positive Model of Battle of Jericho2:1-6:27
Negative Model of Battle of Ai7:1-9:1
Positive Model of Battle of Jericho
Covenant Made Between Spies and Rahab 2:1-24
Consecration for Battle 3:1-5:12
Fall of Jericho 5:13-6:21
Covenant Between Spies and Rahab Fulfilled 6:22-27
Battle for Jericho (11.6) Battle for Jericho (11.6)
Structure of Josh 2:1-24 (11.7)Structure of Josh 2:1-24 (11.7)
Spies are Sent by Joshua and Obey
2:1
Spies Protected by Rahab in City
2:2-7
Spies are Protected by Rahab Outside
the City2:15-22
Spies Return andReport to Joshua
2:23-24
Symmetry: Circular
Developmental
Symmetry: Circular
Developmental
Symmetry: Developmental
Symmetry: Developmental
Spies and Rahab Agree to Mutual
Loyalty2:8-14
Structure of Josh 2:1-24 (11.7)Structure of Josh 2:1-24 (11.7)
Spies Protected by Rahab in City
2:2-7
Spies and Rahab Agree to Mutual
Loyalty2:8-14
Spies are Protected by Rahab Outside
the City2:15-22
Spies Return andReport to Joshua
2:23-24
Spies are Sent by Joshua and Obey
2:1
1a Spies sent by Joshua.1a Spies sent by Joshua.1a Spies sent by Joshua.1a Spies sent by Joshua.
1b Spies travel from Joshua. 1b Spies travel from Joshua. 1b Spies travel from Joshua. 1b Spies travel from Joshua.
Spies are Sent by Joshua and Obey
2:1
1a Spies sent by Joshua.1a Spies sent by Joshua.1b Spies travel from Joshua. 1b Spies travel from Joshua.
Structure of Josh 2:1-24 (11.7)Structure of Josh 2:1-24 (11.7)
Spies and Rahab Agree to Mutual
Loyalty2:8-14
Spies are Protected by Rahab Outside
the City2:15-22
Spies Return andReport to Joshua
2:23-24
Spies Protected by Rahab in City
2:2-7
2 Spies reported to king. 2 Spies reported to king. 3 Spies requested by king.3 Spies requested by king.4a Spies had been hidden by Rahab. [Antecedent Action]4a Spies had been hidden by Rahab. [Antecedent Action]4b-5 Spies protected by Rahab.4b-5 Spies protected by Rahab.6 Spies had been hidden by Rahab. [Antecedent Action]6 Spies had been hidden by Rahab. [Antecedent Action]
7 Spies pursued by king’s men.7 Spies pursued by king’s men.
Spies are Sent by Joshua and Obey
2:1
Spies Protected by Rahab in City
2:2-7
2 Spies reported to king. 2 Spies reported to king. 3 Spies requested by king.3 Spies requested by king.4a Spies had been hidden by Rahab. [Antecedent Action]4a Spies had been hidden by Rahab. [Antecedent Action]4b-5 Spies protected by Rahab.4b-5 Spies protected by Rahab.6 Spies had been hidden by Rahab. [Antecedent Action]6 Spies had been hidden by Rahab. [Antecedent Action]
7 Spies pursued by king’s men.7 Spies pursued by king’s men.
1a Spies sent by Joshua.1a Spies sent by Joshua.1b Spies travel from Joshua. 1b Spies travel from Joshua.
Structure of Josh 2:1-24 (11.7)Structure of Josh 2:1-24 (11.7)
Spies are Protected by Rahab Outside
the City2:15-22
Spies and Rahab Agree to Mutual
Loyalty2:8-14
Spies Return andReport to Joshua
2:23-24
8-14 Spies and Rahab agree.8-14 Spies and Rahab agree.
Spies are Sent by Joshua and Obey
2:1
1a Spies sent by Joshua.1a Spies sent by Joshua.1b Spies travel from Joshua. 1b Spies travel from Joshua.
Spies Protected by Rahab in City
2:2-7
2 Spies reported to king. 2 Spies reported to king. 3 Spies requested by king.3 Spies requested by king.4a Spies had been hidden by Rahab. [Antecedent Action]4a Spies had been hidden by Rahab. [Antecedent Action]4b-5 Spies protected by Rahab.4b-5 Spies protected by Rahab.6 Spies had been hidden by Rahab. [Antecedent Action]6 Spies had been hidden by Rahab. [Antecedent Action]
7 Spies pursued by king’s men.7 Spies pursued by king’s men.
Spies and Rahab Agree to Mutual
Loyalty2:8-14
8-14 Spies and Rahab agree.8-14 Spies and Rahab agree.
Structure of Josh 2:1-24 (11.7)Structure of Josh 2:1-24 (11.7)
Spies are Protected by Rahab Outside
the City2:15-22
Spies Return andReport to Joshua
2:23-24
15 Spies escape by Rahab’s rope. 15 Spies escape by Rahab’s rope. 16-21a Spies and Rahab had agreed. [Antecedent Action] 16-21a Spies and Rahab had agreed. [Antecedent Action] 21b Spies sent away by Rahab. 21b Spies sent away by Rahab. 21c Rahab hangs scarlet cord. 21c Rahab hangs scarlet cord. 22 Spies hide in mountains. 22 Spies hide in mountains.
Spies are Protected by Rahab Outside
the City2:15-22
1a Spies sent by Joshua.1a Spies sent by Joshua.
8-14 Spies and Rahab agree. 8-14 Spies and Rahab agree.
Spies and Rahab Agree to Mutual
Loyalty2:8-14
15 Spies escape by Rahab’s rope. 15 Spies escape by Rahab’s rope. 16-21a Spies and Rahab had agreed. [Antecedent Action] 16-21a Spies and Rahab had agreed. [Antecedent Action] 21b Spies sent away by Rahab. 21b Spies sent away by Rahab. 21c Rahab hangs scarlet cord. 21c Rahab hangs scarlet cord. 22 Spies hide in mountains. 22 Spies hide in mountains.
2 Spies reported to king. 2 Spies reported to king. 3 Spies requested by king.3 Spies requested by king.4a Spies had been hidden by Rahab. [Antecedent Action]4a Spies had been hidden by Rahab. [Antecedent Action]4b-5 Spies protected by Rahab.4b-5 Spies protected by Rahab.6 Spies had been hidden by Rahab. [Antecedent Action]6 Spies had been hidden by Rahab. [Antecedent Action]
7 Spies pursued by king’s men.7 Spies pursued by king’s men.
1b Spies travel from Joshua. 1b Spies travel from Joshua.
Spies are Sent by Joshua and Obey
2:1
23 a Spies return to Joshua. 23 a Spies return to Joshua. 23 b -24 Spies report to Joshua. 23 b -24 Spies report to Joshua.
Spies Protected by Rahab in City
2:2-7
Spies Return andReport to Joshua
2:23-24
Structure of Josh 2:1-24 (11.7)Structure of Josh 2:1-24 (11.7)
77 77Describing
OriginalMeaning
DescribingOriginalMeaning
II. Structure II. Structure
III. Original MeaningIII. Original Meaning
I. Basic Idea (Josh 2:1-24) I. Basic Idea (Josh 2:1-24)
W
D
AW
D
A
Original Meaning
AdumbratingDid the factual, moral, and
emotional issues of that world adumbrate or closely parallel
the world of the original audience?
Th
eir Wo
rld o
f Au
die
nce
Th
eir Wo
rld o
f Au
die
nce
FactualWhat factual
issues did the writerreport fromthat world?
Th
at W
orl
d o
f H
isto
ryT
hat
Wo
rld
of
His
tory
Describing Original Meaning (11.8)Describing Original Meaning (11.8)
EstablishingDid the factual, moral, and
emotional issues of that world establish the origins or
historically justify the worldof the original audience?
ModelingDid the factual, moral, and
emotional issues of that world provide models or examples for the original audience?
ObservationsObservations AnticipationsAnticipations ImplicationsImplications
MoralWhat moral
issues did the writerreport from that world?
EmotionalWhat emotional
issues did the writerreport from that world?
InformativeHow did the factual, moral, and emotional issues of that world
provide information about their world?
DirectiveHow did the factual, moral, and emotional issues of that worldMorally obligate them in their
world?
AffectiveHow did the factual, moral, and emotional issues of that world
provide affective considerations for their world?
ImplicitImplicitExplicitExplicit ImplicitImplicitExplicitExplicit ImplicitImplicitExplicitExplicit
W
D
A
Original MeaningT
heir W
orld
of A
ud
ien
ceT
heir W
orld
of A
ud
ien
ce
FactualJoshua and Israel
experienced the initial holy war, land
distribution, and covenantrenewal as directed by
God.
Th
at W
orl
d o
f H
isto
ryT
hat
Wo
rld
of
His
tory
Original Meaning of Joshua (11.9)Original Meaning of Joshua (11.9)
EstablishingThe initial holy war, land
distribution, and covenant renewal established the legitimacy of
later generations continuing in those responsibilities.
ModelingThe successes and failures
of the holy war, land distribution, and covenant renewal served as positive
and negative models.
ObservationsObservations AnticipationsAnticipations ImplicationsImplications
MoralJoshua and Israel
were faithful and failingin holy war, land
distribution, and covenant renewal.
EmotionalJoshua and Israel
experienced a wide rangeof emotions (joy,
disappointment, fear, confidence etc.) in holy war,
land distribution , and covenant renewal.
InformativeThe initial holy war, land
distribution, and covenant renewal informed the
audience about their world.
DirectiveThe initial holy war, land
distribution, and covenant renewal directed the
responsibilities of the audience in their world.
AffectiveThe initial holy war, land
distribution, and covenant renewal triggered many kinds of affects in the
audience as they encountered their world.
W
D
A
Original Meaning
Original Meaning of Josh 2:1-24 (11.10)Original Meaning of Josh 2:1-24 (11.10)
F-Spies were sent and obeyed Joshua.
M-Spies were morally correct to obey.
E-Spies were firmly committed but uncertain of outcome..
2:1
F-Rahab protected spies in city.
M-Rahab was morally correct to deceive and to protect.
E-Rahab was courageous and king was anxious.
2:2-
7
F-Spies make covenant with converted Rahab.F-Spies make covenant with converted Rahab.
M-Spies and Rahab were morally correct in their actions. M-Spies and Rahab were morally correct in their actions. E-Rahab feared God and spies were grateful but uncertain.E-Rahab feared God and spies were grateful but uncertain.
2:8-
142:
8-14
F-Spies escape safely because of Rahab.
M-Rahab is morally faithful to her agreement.
E-Rahab is hopeful that spies will be faithful.2:15
-22
F-Spies return with positive report.M-Spies were morally correct in their assess-ment because of faithfulness. E-Spies were confident in God’s victory over Jericho.
2:23
-24
I-Israel faces similar situations of military challenge as holy war continues.D-Israelites must follow wise and holy military strategies.A-Israel may be uncertain, but should remain committed.
I-Israel will encounter righteous Canaanites of ill repute who will betray the wicked for Israel.D- Israel should approve Canaanite holy courage.
A- Israel should be relieved / ashamed of times when acknowledged / failed to acknowledge holy Canaanites.
I-Israel will have opportunities to make covenants with converted Canaanites. I-Israel will have opportunities to make covenants with converted Canaanites. D-Israel should agree to protect righteous Canaanites but with conditions.D-Israel should agree to protect righteous Canaanites but with conditions.A-Israel should be cautious, but trusting of converted Canaanites.A-Israel should be cautious, but trusting of converted Canaanites.
I-Israel will have opportunities to test converted Canaanites.D-Israel should be willing to protect converted Canaanites.A-Israel should be cautious in agreements with converted Canaanites.
I-Israel faces the need to form faithful outlooks on battles as holy war continues.D-Israel should be faithful so that positive outlooks are legitimate. A-Israel can trust God to give victory over enemies when they are faithful and reflect on his care for them.
Establish/Model
Establish/Model
Establish/Model
Establish/Model
Establish/Model
Did Rahab break the Ninth Commandment?(Legal Deception vs. Deception in General)
Examples to Consider
MidwivesEx 1:19ff
Samuel1 Sam 16:1ff:
Spirit2 Chr 18:18ff
Approaches
Formalistic Deontology
Hierarchical Deontology
Contextual Deontology
Did Rahab break prohitibitions against lying?
Moral Question (11.11)Moral Question (11.11)