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Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 6
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................... 8
PROJECT AT A GLANCE .................................................................................. 13
1 NEED AND JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROJECT .................................... 15
1.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 15
1.2 POWER SCENARIO IN INDIA .......................................................................................................... 16
1.3 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROJECT .................................................................................................. 22
2 DETAILS ABOUT THE PROPOSED PROJECT LOCATION IN ANANTAPUR
DISTRICT ............................................................................................ 25
2.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 25
2.2 AREA AND POPULATION IN ANANTAPUR DISTRICT ................................................................... 25
2.3 RAINFALL AND CLIMATE ............................................................................................................. 26
2.4 TEMPERATURE .............................................................................................................................. 26
2.5 PROPOSED PROJECT LOCATION .................................................................................................. 27
2.6 LAND REQUIREMENT AND LAYOUT OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT .............................................. 29
2.7 LAND AVAILABILITY AND ACQUISITION FOR THE PROJECT ....................................................... 30
3 RADIATION DATA AND PROJECTED POWER GENERATION FROM THE
PROJECT ACTIVITY ............................................................................. 31
3.1 SIMULATION REPORT OF THE POWER PLANT ............................................................................. 33
4 SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGY .............................................................. 37
4.1 EXISTING SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES .................................................................. 37
4.2 THIN FILM MODULES ................................................................................................................... 38
4.3 COMPARISON BETWEEN CRYSTALLINE, THIN FILM AND CPV .................................................. 38
TECHNOLOGIES ........................................................................................................................... 38
4.4 CONCLUSION ON SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGY ......................................................................... 39
5 POWER PLANT DESIGN CRITERIA ....................................................... 40
5.1 DESIGN AND SIMULATION PROJECTIONS BY PVSYST ............................................................ 40
5.2 PV POWER PLANT ENERGY PRODUCTION ................................................................................. 41
5.3 PV POWER PLANT CAPACITY FACTOR ......................................................................................... 41
5.4 SELECTION OF INVERTER AND COMPONENTS ........................................................................... 42
5.5 SELECTION OF MONITORING SYSTEM ....................................................................................... 42
5.6 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR CABLES AND JUNCTION BOXES AND ................................................... 43
6 DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONETS OF THE POWER PLANT ............ 44
6.1 SOLAR PV MODULES ................................................................................................................... 45
6.2 CENTRAL INVERTORS .................................................................................................................. 45
6.1 MODULE MOUNTING SYSTEM ...................................................................................................... 47
6.1 GRID CONNECTED EQUIPMENTS ................................................................................................. 48
6.2 MONITORING SYSTEM ................................................................................................................ 48
6.3 CABLES AND CONNECTORS ......................................................................................................... 49
6.4 BUILDINGS HOUSING FOR ELECTRONICS (POWER HOUSE) ..................................................... 50
6.5 OTHER FACILITIES INCLUDING WATER ...................................................................................... 51
7 SPECIFICATION OF MAIN PLANT AND EQUIPMENT ............................. 52
8 POWER EVACUATION AND INTERFACING WITH GRID ........................ 58
8.1 POWER EVACUATION SYSTEM .................................................................................................... 58
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
8.2 TRANSFORMERS........................................................................................................................... 59
8.3 HT, LV & 11KV METERING PANEL .......................................................................................... 60
8.4 CABLES ........................................................................................................................................ 61
8.5 LT POWER CABLES ..................................................................................................................... 61
8.6 CONTROL CABLES ........................................................................................................................ 61
8.7 POWER EVACUATION CABLE ...................................................................................................... 62
8.8 GRID SYNCHRONIZATION SCHEME ............................................................................................ 62
9 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS ............................... 63
9.1 DC SIDE OF THE POWER PLANT ................................................................................................. 63
9.2 AC SIDE OF THE POWER PLANT .................................................................................................. 63
9.3 MODE OF OPERATION ................................................................................................................. 64
9.4 MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................................. 65
9.5 SPARE PARTS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ......................................................................................... 65
9.6 MAINTENANCE OF O & M MANUALS.......................................................................................... 66
9.7 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION OF THE PLANT ................................................. 66
9.8 TRAINING ..................................................................................................................................... 67
10 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT ............... 68
11 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION OF THE POWER PLANT… 70
11.1 TRAINING ..................................................................................................................................... 71
11.2 PLANT OPERATION ORGANIZATION CHART .............................................................................. 72
11.3 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY ...................................................................................... 73
11.4 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................................................. 73
11.5 FINALIZATION OF THE EQUIPMENTS AND CONTRACTS ............................................................ 73
11.6 PROCUREMENT AND CONSTRUCTION ......................................................................................... 74
11.7 ERECTION AND COMMISSIONING PHASE .................................................................................. 75
12 PROJECT COST ESTIMATE AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS ........................ 76
12.1 PLANT OPERATION ...................................................................................................................... 77
12.2 SALABLE ELECTRICITY ................................................................................................................ 78
12.3 SALE PRICE OF ELECTRICITY...................................................................................................... 78
12.4 SALE PRICE OF CARBON CREDITS .............................................................................................. 78
LIST OF TABLES:
Table 1-1: Installed Capacity in MW in India at the End of 10th Plan ___________________ 17
Table 1-2: Installed Capacity in MW in India as of 31 Mar 2010 _______________________ 17
Table 1-3: Actual Power Supply Position _______________________________________________ 18
Table 1-4: Capacity Addition during 11th Plan (As Per Planning Commission) __________ 18
Table 1-5: Likely Power Supply Position at the End of 2010-12 ________________________ 18
Table 1-6: Installed capacity of all states as on 31.03.2010 (in MW) __________________ 19
Table 1-7: Installed Capacity in MW in Andhra Pradesh at the End of 10th Plan ________ 19
Table 1-8: Installed Capacity in MW in Andhra Pradesh as of 31 Mar 2010 ____________ 20
Table 1-9: Actual Power Supply Position _______________________________________________ 20
Table 1-10: Projects planned for 11th Plan _____________________________________________ 20
Table 1-11: Likely Power Supply Position at the End of 2010-12 _______________________ 21
Table 1-12: Likely Capacity Addition During 11th Plan __________________________________ 21
Table 1-13: Peak & Energy Table ______________________________________________________ 21
Table 3-1: Temperature details considered for design: ________________________________ 32
Table 7-1: Bill of materials _____________________________________________________________ 52
Table 7-2: Technical specification of proposed solar modules at STC __________________ 53
Table 7-3: Specifications of module mounting structure _______________________________ 53
Table 7-4: Cables speficification _______________________________________________________ 54
Table 7-5: Invertors specification ______________________________________________________ 54
Table 7-6: Transformer specification at 33 kV side ____________________________________ 55
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
Table 7-7: Transformer specification for grid interfacing at 33/132 kV _________________ 56
Table 7-8: Monitoring system specification ____________________________________________ 57
Table 12-1: Project Cost Estimate _____________________________________________________ 76
Table 12-2: Assumptions supporting financial projections _____________________________ 80
Table 12-3: Estimation of Depreciation ________________________________________________ 82
Table 12-4: Projected Profitability,Balance Sheet,CF, IRR ands WC ____________________ 84
Table 12-5: Project Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR) ______________________________ 88
List of Figures:
Figure 1: Location map of Anatapur district in India: ............................................................. 28
Figure 2: Map showing proposed project site within Anantapur ......................................... 28
Figure 3: Typical module mounting structure: .......................................................................... 47
Figure 4: Grid-Connect equipments ............................................................................................... 48
Annexure
1 Project site Photographs
2 Land ownership details of the proposed project
3 Contour map of the project site
4 Schematic diagram showing 5MWp Solar PV Plant Layout
5 Schematic of Control Room Layout
6 Schematic of earthing layout
7 Power Evacuation Scheme 5MWp to 33/132 kV substation
8 Incorporation certificate of Saisudhir Energy Limited
9 Memorandum and Articles of Association of Saisudhir Energy Limited
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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ABBREVIATIONS
General
AB Air Breaker
ACB Air Circuit Breaker
AC Alternate current
ACSR Aluminum Conductors Steel Reinforced
BOS Balance of the System
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
CIS Copper Indium Selenium
CT Current Transformer
DAS Data Acquisition System
DC Direct Current
DP Double Pole
DPR Detailed Project Report
APTRANSCO Andhra Pradesh Transmission Corporation
HT High Tension
LT Low Tension
LV Low Voltage
MNRE Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
kWh Kilo Watt Hour
NO2 Nitrous Oxide
MCB Main Combiner Box / Miniature Circuit
Breaker
MFM Multi Function Meters
PLF Plant Load Factor
PFC Power Finance Corporation
PPA Power Purchase Agreement
PV Photo Voltaic
PT Power Transformer
SEB State Electricity Board
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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SO2 Sulphur Dioxide
SP Single Pole
VCB Vacuum Circuit Breaker
XLPE Cross Linked Polyethylene
Units
% Percentage
˚C Degree Centigrade
H Hour
Ha Hectare
Kg Kilogram
kV Kilo-Volt
kW kilo Watt
kWe kilo Watt electrical
kWp kilo Watt peak
Lt Liter
M Meter
m2 Square meter
m3 Cubic meter
Mg milli gram
Mm milli meter
MW Mega Watt
MWe Mega Watt electrical
Tons Tons
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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INTRODUCTION
As the world broadens its portfolio of power options to meet growing energy
demands and increasingly stringent environmental concerns, solar power is
emerging as an attractive option. Of all the routes for conversion of solar into
useful energy, direct conversion of sunlight to electricity through solar
photovoltaic technology is well accepted. Solar photovoltaic has been
recognized as an important route for generation of substantial quantities of grid
quality power by utilizing the light energy of solar radiation.
SAISUDHIR Energy Limited (SSEL) a group company of SAISUDHIR
Infrastructures Limited is intent to develop solar photovoltaic power plant of
(SPV) power project at Veerapuram village of Anatapur district, in the State of
Andhra Pradesh.
SSEL intend to setup grid interactive solar power project based on Copper
Indium Selenium (CIS) modules also called as thin film modules. The project
activity is to install grid connected 5 MW solar power project. The full power
rating of the solar power plant shall be 5.0 +5% and -0% MW DC at standard
test conditions (STC) of 1000 W/sq meter sunlight and 25 degree centigrade.
The project is selected to install CIS modules which comply with IEC 61646 for
quality and IEC 61730 safety standards.
The project site proposed is in Veerapura village of Anatapur district in Andhra
Pradesh. The total land area required for the project is about 25 acres. The
company already acquired the land required for the project.
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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The project envisages an investment of approx. Rs 650 million for the
installation of 5 MW solar power plant which would provide quantity power with
a power purchase price signed with NTPC's Vidyut Vyapar Nigam Ltd or NVVN
which is the designated Nodal Agency under Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar
Mission (JNNSM) for procuring the solar power by entering into a Power
Purchase Agreement (PPA) with Solar Power Generation Project Developers. In
addition, the Power Project would generate direct and indirect employment
opportunities; create of civic facilities for establishment of ancillary industries.
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. The average per capita consumption of energy in India is around 612 kW,
which is much lower than that of the developed countries like USA,
Europe, Australia, Japan etc. However, this figure is expected to rise
sharply due to high economic growth and rapid industrialization. Energy
is a necessity and sustainable renewable energy is a vital link in
industrialization and development of India. A transition from conventional
energy systems to those based on renewable resources is necessary to
meet the ever increasing demand for energy and to address
environmental concerns.
2. Thus, the present scenario needs for addition of major renewable energy
sources of energy for overall economic development of the country.
3. Solar Photovoltaic Power plant operates on the principle of the
photoelectric phenomenon - direct conversion of light to electricity. The
solar radiation incident upon a silicon-based semiconductor photovoltaic
cell produces direct electric current.
4. Photovoltaic cells are integrated into modules with a voltage of 6 - 12 V;
the electrically interconnected modules form solar systems with an output
voltage of 230 V.
5. Saisudhir Energy Limited (SSEL) is an SAISUDHIR Infrastructures group
company. Saisudhir Infrastructures Limited is one of the fastest growing
ISO 9000 infrastructure companies having nationwide network for its
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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Construction services in the field of Water, Power, Buildings
Infrastructures, Solid Waste Management and Irrigation etc.,
6. SAISUDHIR builds the high-voltage electric transmission system that
helps to keep the lights on, business running and communities strong.
The company has played a major role in the complete preparation,
analysis, design, construction management and inspection of energy
structures, high voltage transmission lines and distribution systems
across the country.
7. SAISUDHIR has an in-house capability for designing Transmission Line
Towers & Switchyard Structures.
8. SAISUDHIR energy proposed to install a 5 MW Solar Photovoltaic (SPV)
power plant under phase I of Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
(JNNSM) of new grid connected projects. The generated electricity will be
sold to NVVN with a long term Power Purchase Agreement (PPA). The
company has already entered into a PPA agreement with NVVN.
9. This report highlights the details of the proposed power generation
scheme, site facilities, solar radiation in the proposed site location and
water, evacuation of generated power, features of main plant and
equipment including the inverter system, electrical systems,
environmental aspects, estimate of capital cost and the financial analysis
and the schedule for project implementation.
10. The proposed 5 MW power plant would require about 25 acres of land.
The company already acquired the land required for the project.
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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11. The plant is designed with an availability factor of 100%. The plant will
generate about 9.63 million units per year at the module array terminals,
after the losses in the system about 9.32 million units will be available at
the grid terminals which will amount to a plant load factor of about
21.28 %. The project site was selected on the basis of:
• Availability of good solar insulation
• Availability of uninhabited land at a reasonable cost
• Availability of stable grid near to the project site
• High Power Demand in the State
• Availability of good infrastructural facility including road and rail
connection
12. The power generated at 11kV from the power plant will be stepped-up to
33 kV level and connected to APPCL sub-station at Raydurg, which is
about 10 km from the project site. The total power produced is envisaged
as 9.63 million units at the PV array. After the losses the net available
energy for supplying to the grid is about 9.32 million units. Thus, the net
salable electricity to the grid works out to 9.32 million units. The plant is
envisaged to operate 365 days at a plant load factor (PLF) of 21.28%.
The transmission line required from the SSEL 5 MW plant site to the
substation will be laid by the project promoters.
13. The power plant will comprise of IEC 61646 modules of CIS thin film
modules with aluminum frame of 41,600 no’s , which will work out to 5
MW +5% and -0% for accounting the DC losses (each module of 130 Wp
capacity), 5200 nos of PV system mounting structures (strings) made out
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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of MS galvanized steel with 8 module structure, fixed tilt type, 80 nos of
array junction boxes, Power conditioning unit (inverter) 10 nos of 500
kVA, 1.25 MVA transformer 5 nos, 6.5 MVA transformer 1 no for
interfacing with grid, LT and HT Panel and protection and metering,
cables and earthing system set.
14. The net energy sales from the plant workout 9.32 million units. The
entire energy will be sold to NVVN through APTransco grid. The financial
analysis is made with a levelised power purchase price of Rs. 12.00 /
kWh.
15. The total cost of generation includes the insurance cost, repairs and
maintenance, cost of administration, salaries and wages, cost of utilities.
16. The total installed project cost including civil, mechanical and electrical,
preoperative expenses and the contingency works out to Rs 650 million.
17. The solar power plant reduces contribution to atmospheric carbon-di-
oxide vis-à-vis fossil fuel generation. The project helps solar radiation
into useful electricity, adding to the sustainability of the project and the
local environment. Thus, the project meets the UNFCCC norms set to
qualify for obtaining CDM benefits. The project is envisaged to register
with UNFCCC for availing the CDM benefits.
18. The term loan requirement from the financial institution works out to
455.00 (70% of the project cost) million. It is assumed that the term
loan will be repaid in 13 years in quarterly installments, with an initial
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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moratorium period of 1 year. The equity from SSIL will be Rs 195.00
million. The interest rate for the term loan is considered as 11.50 %.
19. The depreciation computed is on straight line basis.
20. Income tax at the rate of 32.45% % is considered in the financial
analysis. The benefits available under Section 80 IA, for power projects
have been taken into consideration in the financial analysis while
calculating the income tax liability. The post tax Project Internal Rate of
Return (IRR) works out to 13.63% and Post tax Equity IRR works out to
18.89%.
21. The project also generates Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
revenue with reduction at 1% in the subsequent years. If we consider the
revenue from sale of carbon credits with a minimum price of € 12 per
CER, the project generates additional revenue of about INR 7.5 million,
which will add to the profitability of the project.
22. Minimum Project Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR) will work out to
1.35 and average DSCR will work out to 1.65.
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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PROJECT AT A GLANCE
1 Project Authority SAISUDHIR Energy Limited
2 Project Installed Capacity 5 MW +5% and –0% Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant
3 Selected Location T.Veerapuram Village, Anantapur District.
4 Nearest Major Towns Anantapur
5 Seismic Zone Zone-4 as per IS 1893-1984.
6 Access by Bus Well Connected, buses are Operated by Andhrapradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC)
7 Nearest Airport Bangalore International Airport (BIAL)
8 Access by Rail Anantapur Railway Station is on the Bangalore-Hydrabad line.
9 Solar module type Copper Indium Selenium (CIS) Thin film modules
10 Capacity of each module 130 Wp
11 No. of modules 41,600 Nos
12 PV System Mounting Structure type MS Galvanised(> 70 micron)
13 Module mounting structure type 8 Module mounting structure
14 No. of module mounting structures 5,200 Nos.
15 No. of Array junction boxes 80 Nos.
16 Power conditioning Unit (Invertor) capacity
500 kVA
17 Power conditioning Unit specifications Input voltage range 450-900V
18 No. of invertors 10 Nos.
19 Invertors make AEG or equivalent
20 1.25 MVA Transformer 5 Nos
21 6.5 MVA Transformer 1 No.
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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22 LT Panel with protection & metering 5 Nos.
23 LT Panel with protection & metering 2 Nos
24 Cables and earthing systems 1 set
25 Gross Power Generation (kW) 5000 +5% and -0%
27 Net exportable power at 33 kV to nearest grid substation(kW)
9.32 million units
28 Power Purchase tariff with NVVN in ` 12.00
29 Plant Load Factor 21.28%
30 Total Project cost (Rs. In millions) 650
31 Preliminary and pre-operative expenses (Rs. In millions)
30.00
32 Equity from Promoters (Rs. In millions)
195.00
33 Term loan from Financial Institutions (Rs in millions)
455.00
34 Interest on term loan 11.50%
35 Project IRR (post tax) 13.63 %
36 Equity IRR (post tax) 18.89 %
37 Plant Commissioning Date Dec 2011
38 Land requirement
• Module area 25 Acres 51,089 m2
39 Land Development The entire station will be laid at a uniform level.
TECHNICAL FEATURES
40 Power Evacuation Through 33/132kV Transmission lines Raydurg substation located 10km from project site.
OTHER FACILITIES
41 Mode of Implementation Through EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) or thru split contracts.
42 Project Time Frame Twelve (12) months from the date of signing PPA with NVVN
PROJECT COST
43 Project Cost
Present day cost including, financing charges and margin money.
Rs.650 million.
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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1 NEED AND JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROJECT
1.1 Introduction
India with 17 percent of the world population and just 0.8 per cent of the
world’s known oil and natural gas resources is going to face serious energy
challenges in the coming decades. Besides energy independence, the
devastating impact of climate change has become an issue of critical
importance. Energy production using fossil fuels is the major contributor to
greenhouse gas emissions. Hence, transition to a low-carbon energy economy is
the real solution for mitigating the impact of climate change.
India has huge potential for producing electricity from renewable sources. The
achievement so far is about 17,222 (as on 31.03.2010) MW, as against global
installed capacity of approximately 2,00,000 MW of renewable electricity
generation. While India’s achievement is commendable, it is necessary for us to
keep pace with the fast growth in developed countries.
There are three imperatives that necessitate a transition to a sustainable energy
system in the 21st century: They are Climate change and its potentially
disastrous consequences. Peaking of production, depletion and extinction of
fossil fuels and Energy Autonomy and Independence.
The single biggest reason for global warming is the burning of fossil fuels. So
the solution lies in effecting an accelerated transition to a low carbon energy
economy, which means large scale development of renewable energy.
Fortunately there are several emerging technologies that will facilitate this.
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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Peaking of production of all fossil fuels (viz. oil, gas and coal) in the next two
decades and gradual extinction of these resources is an accepted scientific fact.
Even assuming that they would be available, India, which is already dependent
on their import, would become more and more import dependent. The financial
implications of large scale imports would destroy our economy and necessitate
strategies to move towards energy autonomy or independence.
The conversion of solar energy to electricity displaces an equivalent amount of
grid power, which would otherwise be produced by grid connected fossil fuel
dominated power plants. Grid power is comprised of a large share of fossil fuel
based generation systems.
1.2 Power Scenario in India
As per Section73(a) of the Indian Electricity Act-2003, CEA has been carrying
out periodic electric power survey to project state-wise and region-wise power
plans together with assessment of peaking power and energy surpluses /
deficits. The estimate prepared by the CEA is revised and updated from time to
time taking into account the actual growth rates achieved. The Reports and
National Electricity Plan prepared by CEA i.e. Report on (17th) Electric Power
Survey of India published in August 2007, Draft National Electricity Plan-
Transmission published in 2005 and Power Scenario at a glance published in
April 2010 have been referred for carrying out demand analysis of the State of
Andhra Pradesh and other regions.
Load forecast/Availability of power for 2003-2012 for the State of Eastern,
Northern, Western, Southern and North-Eastern region have been given below
which shows that surplus amount of power will be available for the North-East
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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region while other regions i.e. Northern, Western and Southern will expect a
shortage of power at the end of 11th Plan i.e. 2011-12. Actual power scenario
of are as follows in terms of:
• Installed Capacity
• Actual Supply/Generation.
• Likely capacity addition.
Table 1-: Installed Capacity in MW in India at the End of 10th Plan
Coal Gas Diesel Total
STATE 26,005.7 41,731.6 3,729.8 604.6 46,066 0.0 975.7 73,047.4
PRIVATE 1,230.0 4,241.4 4,183.0 597.1 9,021.5 0.0 6,784.8 17,036.3
CENTRAL 7,418 25,118.3 5,809.0 0.0 30,927.3 3,900.0 0.0 42,245.3
TOTAL 34,653.7 71,091.3 13,721.8 1,201.8 86,014.8 3,900.0 7,760.5 1,32,329
INSTALLED CAPACITY (AT THE END OF 10TH PLAN) (FIGURES IN MW)
Sector Hydro Thermal Nuclear R.E.S. (MNRE)
Total
Table 1-: Installed Capacity in MW in India as of 31 Mar 2010
Sector Hydro Nuclear R.E.S Total
Coal Gas Diesel Total (MNRE)
STATE 27,065.00 44,977.00 4,046.12 602.61 49,625.73 0.00 2,701.12 79,391.85
PRIVATE 1,233.00 8,056.38 6,307.50 597.14 14,961.02 0.00 12,819.99 29,014.01
CENTRAL 8,565.40 31,165.00 6,702.23 0.00 37,867.23 4,560.00 0.00 50,992.63
TOTAL 36,863.40 84,198.38 17,055.85 1,199.75 1,02,453.98 4,560.00 15,521.11 1,59,398.49
Thermal
INSTALLED CAPACITY AS ON 31.03.2010 (FIGURES IN MW)
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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Table 1-: Actual Power Supply Position
9 Period Peak Demand (MW)
Peak Met (MW)
Peak Deficit/ Surplus (MW)
Peak Deficit/ Surplus ( % )
Energy Requi- rment (MU)
Energy Avail- ability (MU)
Energy Deficit/ Surplus (MU)
Energy Deficit/ Surplus( % )
9TH PLAN END 78,441 69,189 -9,252 -11.8 5,22,537 4,83,350 -39,187 -7.52002-03 81,492 71,547 -9,945 -12.2 5,45,983 4,97,890 -48,093 -8.82003-04 84,574 75,066 -9,508 -11.2 5,59,264 5,19,398 -39,866 -7.12004-05 87,906 77,652 -10,254 -11.7 5,91,373 5,48,115 -43,258 -7.32005-06 93,255 81,792 -11,463 -12.3 6,31,757 5,78,819 -52,938 -8.42006-07 1,00,715 86,818 -13,897 -13.8 6,90,587 6,24,495 -66,092 -9.62007-08 1,08,866 90,793 -18,073 -16.6 7,39,345 6,66,007 -73,338 -9.92008-09 1,09,809 96,685 -13,124 -12 7,74,324 6,89,021 -85,303 -11APR,09 1,18,472 1,02,725 -15,748 -13.3 8,30,300 7,46,493 -83,807 -10.1MAR ,2010 1,18,472 1,02,725 -15,748 -13.3 76,493 67,513 -8,980 -11.7
ACTUAL POWER SUPPLY POSITION
NOTE :- PEAK DEMAND - 121891 MW , ENERGY REQUIREMENT - 794561 MU FOR THE YEAR 2008-2009(AS PER 17TH EPS REPORT),OCCURENCE OF PEAK AS PER ACTUAL POWER SUPPLY POSITION IN THE MONTH(S) - MARCH & OCTOBER
SOURCE:- DMLF DIVISION
Table 1-: Capacity Addition during 11th Plan (As Per Planning Commission)
Coal Gas Diesel TotalSTATE 3,482.0 19,985.0 3,316.4 0.0 23,301.4 0.0 0.0 26,783.4 PRIVATE 3,491.0 9,515.0 2,037.0 0.0 11,552.0 0.0 0.0 15,043.0 CENTRAL 8,654.0 23,350.0 1,490.0 0.0 24,840.0 3,380.0 0.0 36,874.0 TOTAL 15,627.0 52,850.0 6,843.4 0.0 59,693.4 3,380.0 0.0 78700.4*
CAPACITY ADDITION DURING 11TH PLAN (AS PER PLANNING COMMISSION TARGET)Sector Hydro Thermal Nuclear Wind Total
NOTE :- * AS PER ACTUAL ORDERS , THE CAPACITY COMES TO 78900.4 MW
Table 1-: Likely Power Supply Position at the End of 2010-12
Period Peak Demand (MW)
PeakMet(MW)
Peak Deficit/ Surplus(MW)
PeakDeficit/ Surplus( % )
Energy Requi- rment (MU)
Energy Avail- ability(MU)
EnergyDeficit/ Surplus(MU)
Energy Deficit/ Surplus( % )
2011-12 1,52,746 1,42,765 -9,981 -6.5 9,68,659 9,48,836 -19,823 -2.0
LIKELY POWER SUPPLY POSITION AT THE END OF 2011-12 (DEMAND AS PER 17TH EPS)
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Table 1-: Installed capacity of all states as on 31.03.2010 (in MW)
S.No.
STATES HYDRO NUCLEAR R.E.S TOTAL
COAL GAS DIESEL TOTAL
1 CHANDIGARH 46.74 27.09 15.32 0.00 42.41 8.84 0.00 97.99
2 DELHI 581.62 2,602.96 808.01 0.00 3,410.97 122.08 0.00 4,114.67
3 HARYANA 1,327.68 3,017.99 535.29 3.92 3,557.20 109.16 76.50 5,070.54
4 H.P. 1,539.94 118.30 61.88 0.13 180.31 34.08 275.83 2,030.16
5 J&K 1,480.53 263.70 304.14 8.94 576.78 77.00 129.33 2,263.64
6 PUNJAB 2,962.89 3,208.19 263.92 0.00 3,472.11 208.04 278.90 6,921.94
7 RAJASTHAN 1,454.80 4,149.48 665.03 0.00 4,814.51 573.00 926.15 7,768.46
8 U.P. 1,597.42 6,912.84 549.97 0.00 7,462.81 335.72 587.70 9,983.65
9 UTTRAKHAND 1,919.18 261.26 69.35 0.00 330.61 22.28 132.92 2,404.99
10 CHATTISGARH 120.00 4,383.00 0.00 0.00 4,383.00 47.52 218.95 4,769.47
11 GUJARAT 772.00 7,008.89 3,894.49 17.48 10,920.86 559.32 1,655.91 13,908.09
12 M.P. 3,223.66 4,282.10 257.18 0.00 4,539.28 273.24 287.86 8,324.04
13 MAHARASHTRA 3,331.84 11,203.05 3,715.93 0.00 14,918.98 690.14 2,437.97 21,378.93
14 GOA 0.00 277.03 48.00 0.00 325.03 25.80 30.05 380.88
15 D&D 0.00 19.04 4.20 0.00 23.24 7.38 0.00 30.62
16 D&N HAVAILI 0.00 22.04 27.10 0.00 49.14 8.46 0.00 57.60
17 A.P. 3,617.53 6,259.88 2,580.40 36.80 8,877.08 214.28 700.51 13,409.40
18 KARNATAKA 3,599.80 3,902.67 220.00 234.42 4,357.09 195.36 2,234.09 10,386.34
19 KERALA 1,781.50 765.38 533.58 256.44 1,555.40 78.10 138.76 3,553.76
20 T.N 2,108.20 5,519.81 1,026.30 411.66 6,957.77 478.50 4,865.51 14,409.98
21 P.CHURY 0.00 207.01 32.50 0.00 239.51 16.28 0.00 255.79
22 D.V.C 193.26 3,563.10 90.00 0.00 3,653.10 0.00 0.00 3,846.36
23 BIHAR 129.43 1,661.70 0.00 0.00 1,661.70 0.00 54.60 1,845.73
24 JHARKHAND 200.93 1,737.88 0.00 0.00 1,737.88 0.00 4.05 1,942.86
25 ORISSA 2,166.93 1,828.10 0.00 0.00 1,828.10 0.00 64.30 4,059.33
26 SIKKIM 75.27 68.10 0.00 5.00 73.10 0.00 47.11 195.48
27 W.BENGAL 1,116.30 6,756.34 100.00 12.20 6,868.54 0.00 164.70 8,149.54
28 ARP.P. 97.57 0.00 21.05 15.88 36.93 0.00 67.42 201.92
29 ASSAM 429.72 60.00 441.32 20.69 522.01 0.00 27.11 978.84
30 MANIPUR 80.98 0.00 25.96 45.41 71.37 0.00 5.45 157.80
31 MEGHALYA 230.58 0.00 25.96 2.05 28.01 0.00 31.03 289.62
32 MIZORAM 34.31 0.00 16.28 51.86 68.14 0.00 28.47 130.92
33 NAGALAND 53.32 0.00 19.19 2.00 21.19 0.00 28.67 103.18
34 TRIPURA 62.37 0.00 160.84 4.85 165.69 0.00 16.01 244.07
35 A&N ISLAND 0.00 0.00 0.00 60.05 60.05 0.00 5.25 65.30
36 LAKSHDEEP 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.97 9.97 0.00 0.00 9.97
THERMAL
Table 1-: Installed Capacity in MW in Andhra Pradesh at the End of 10th Plan
Coal Gas Diesel Total
STATE 3,582.6 3,132.5 272.3 0.0 3,404.8 0.0 103.0 7,090.3
PRIVATE 3.8 0.0 1,603.4 36.8 1,640.2 0.0 283.4 1,927.4
CENTRAL 0.0 2,378.0 0.0 0.0 2,378.0 152.5 0.0 2,530.5
TOTAL 3,586.3 5,510.5 1,875.7 36.8 7,423.0 152.5 386.4 11,548.2
INSTALLED CAPACITY (AT THE END OF 10th PLAN (FIGURES IN MW)Sector Hydro Thermal Nuclear R.E.S.
(MNRE)
Total
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Table 1-: Installed Capacity in MW in Andhra Pradesh as of 31 Mar 2010
Coal Gas Diesel Total
STATE 3,617.53 3,882.50 0.00 0.00 3,882.50 0.00 188.43 7,688.46
PRIVATE 0.00 0.00 2,580.40 36.80 2,617.20 0.00 512.08 3,129.28
CENTRAL 0.00 2,377.38 0.00 0.00 2,377.38 214.28 0.00 2,591.66
TOTAL 3,617.53 6,259.88 2,580.40 36.80 8,877.08 214.28 700.51 13,409.40
Sector Hydro Thermal Nuclear R.E.S.
(MNRE)
Total
Table 1-: Actual Power Supply Position
PeriodPeak
Demand(MW)
PeakMet(MW)
Peakdeficit/ Surplus (MW)
PeakDeficit/ Surplus (
% )
EnergyRequi- rment (MU)
EnergyAvail- ability (MU)
EnergyDeficit/ Surplus (MU)
EnergyDeficit/
Surplus ( % )
9TH PLAN END 8,585 6,873 -1,712 -19.9 48,394 44,302 -4,092 -8.5
2002-03 8,491 6,858 -1,633 -19.2 47,258 44,049 -3,209 -6.8
2003-04 8,679 7,769 -910 -10.5 48,080 46,680 -1,400 -2.9
2004-05 8,093 7,903 -190 -2.3 50,416 50,061 -355 -0.7
2005-06 8,999 8,542 -457 -5.1 53,030 52,332 -698 -1.3
2006-07 10,208 8,641 -1,567 -15.4 60,964 58,280 -2,684 -4.4
2007-08 10,048 9,162 -886 -8.8 64,139 61,511 -2,628 -4.1
2008-2009 10,823 9,997 -826 -7.6 71,592 66,754 -4,838 -6.8
APR,09-MAR10 12,135 10,880 -1,255 -10.3 79,014 73,784 -5,230 -6.6
MAR 2010 12,135 10,880 -1,255 -10.3 7,929 7,040 -889 -11.2
Table 1-: Projects planned for 11th Plan
EFFORT PROJECTS
PROJECT AGENCY STATUS TYPECAPACITY (MW)
LIKELY YEAR / DATE OF COMMISSIONING
1 SIMHADRI-EXT U-3,4 NTPC Under Construction COAL 1,000 2010-12
2 1,000
3 JURALA PRIYA U1,2 APGENCO Commissioned HYDRO 78 31.08.2008
4 JURALA PRIYA U,3 APGENCO Commissioned HYDRO 39 07.06.2009
5 JURALA PRIYA U 4-6 APGENCO Under Construction HYDRO 117 2010-11
6 NAGARJUNA SAGAR TR APGENCO Under Construction HYDRO 50 2010-12
7 PULICHINTALA APID Under Construction HYDRO 120 2010-12
8 RAYALSEEMA U4 APGENCO Commissioned COAL 210 2007-08
9 RAYALSEEMA ST III U5 APGENCO Under Construction COAL 210 2010-11
10 VIJAYWADA TPP ST-IV,U1 APGENCO Commissioned COAL 500 8.10.2009
11 KOTHAGUDEM ST-V APGENCO Under Construction COAL 500 2011-12
12 KAKTIYA TPP APGENCO Under Construction COAL 500 2010-11
13 2,324
14 KONASEEMA OAKWELL Commissioned GAS/LNG 280 3.5.2009
15 KONASEEMA OAKWELL Under Construction GAS/LNG 165 2010-11
16 GAUTAMI GAUTAMI POW Commissioned GAS/LNG 464 3.5.2009
17 KONDAPALLI PH II LANCO Commissioned GAS 233 5.12.2009
18 KONDAPALLI PH II LANCO Under Construction LNG 133 2010-11
19 1,275
20 4,719
SUB TOTAL –Central sector
SUB TOTAL –state sector
SUB TOTAL -private sector
TOTAL (AP)
PROJECTS PLANNED FOR XITH PLAN (STATE/PRIVATE/CENTRAL SECTOR) INCLUDING BEST
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Table 1-: Likely Power Supply Position at the End of 2010-12
Period PeakDemand
PeakMet
Peak eficit/
PeakDeficit/
EnergyRequi-
EnergyAvail-
EnergyDeficit/
EnergyDeficit/2011-
1214,721 12,357 -2,364 -16.1 89,032 80,338 -8,694 -9.8
LIKELY POWER SUPPLY POSITION AT THE END OF 2011-12* (DEMAND AS PER 17TH EPS)
Table 1-: Likely Capacity Addition During 11th Plan
FOR THE STATE : - ANDHRA PRADESH
Type
Stat
InstalledCapacity
CapacityAddition
BenefitsShares of
Commissioned/
Last UnitCommissioning
*SIMHADRI ST-II T U 1,000.00 1,000.00 384.00 (2010-2012)
*ENNORE JV COST T U 1,000.00 1,000.00 129.00 (20110-2012)
KAIGA U-3 & 4 N U 440.00 440.00 123.00 COMM 220.00 11.04.2007
*KALPAKKAM PFBR N U 500.00 500.00 142.00 (2010-2011)
778.00
NAGAR SAGAR TR H U 50.00 50.00 50.00 (2010-2012)
VIJAYWADA TPP T U 500.00 500.00 500.00 COMM 500.00 ( 8.10.2009 )
KOTHAGUDEM ST-V T U 500.00 500.00 500.00 (2011-2012)
JURALA PRIYA H U 234.00 234.00 234.00 COMM 117.00
27.06.2009
RAYALSEEMA 4&5 T U 420.00 420.00 420.00 COMM 210.00 20.11.2007
PULICHINTALA H U 120.00 120.00 120.00 (2011-2012)
KAKTIYA TPP T U 500.00 500.00 500.00 (2010-2011)
1,824.00
KONASEEMA CCGT G U 445.00 445.00 445.00 COMM 280.00 (3.5.2009)
GAUTAMI CCGT G C 464.00 464.00 464.00 COMM 464.00 (3.5.2009)
KONDAPALLI CCPP G U 233.00 233..00 233.00 COMM 233.00 (5.12.2009)
KONDAPALLI CCPP T U 366.00 366.00 133.00 (2010-2011)
1,275.00
3,757.00 GRAND-TOTAL:-
LIKELY CAPACITY ADDITION DURING 11TH PLAN INCLUDING BEST EFFORT PROJECTS
CENTRAL-SECTOR
CENTRAL-SECTOR TOTAL:-
STATE-SECTOR
STATE - SECTOR TOTAL:-
PRIVATE-SECTOR
PRIVATE-SECTOR TOTAL:-
Note: U-Under Construction Project; C-Commissioned * Share from Central Sectors Projects for which M.O.P. Orders are yet to be issued is tentative.
Table 1-: Peak & Energy Table
YEAR
Requirment as per 17th
ActualDemand
Requirementas Per 17th
ActualRequire2004-05 8,168 8,093 48,928 50,416
2005-06 8,810 8,999 54,683 53,030
2006-07 9,597 10,208 59,311 60,964
2007-08 10,454 10,048 64,331 64,139
2008-09 11,388 10,823 69,775 71,592
2009-10 12,406 75,680
2010-11 13,514 82,085
2011-12 14,721 89,032
PEAK ENERGY
PEAK AND ENERGY TABLE (As per 17th EPS Report vs Actual achieved)
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From the above tables i.e. Actual power Supply position for the state of Andhra
Pradesh, it clearly indicates the consistent power deficit of around 8.5 % at the
end of 9th Plan continuing till 2009-10 up to 11.2%.
1.3 Justification for the project
For the state of Andhra Pradesh the projected peak load is 13,514 MW (2010-
11). Table above shows Installed capacity as on 31 Mar 2010 for the state of
Andhra Pradesh, actual power supply position and capacity addition during 11th
Plan for the state of Andhra Pradesh. As per present power scenario for the
state of Andhra Pradesh the peak deficit during 2006-07 is around 4.4 %. As
per table above power deficit for the state of Andhra Pradesh during 2011-12
will be around 1,255 MW (March 2010). Thus Considering projected power
demand for the state of Andhra Pradesh, power generated from the proposed
power plant may be utilized for the state of Andhra Pradesh.
The proposed solar photovoltaic power plant (SPV) will contribute to bridge the
gap between the demand and availability of power.
As per the proposed transmission evacuation plan, the proposed power station
shall be connected to APTransco 33/132 kV substation at Raydurng, in
Anantapur district. Therefore it is considered that the proposed power plant will
be able to contribute to the power requirement of the Andhra Pradesh, hence it
is justified for construction of the Proposed 5 MW Power Plant at Veerapuram
village, Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh.
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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The project activity will result in an annual average reduction of about 8000
tCO2e per year by replacing electricity generated from fossil fuel fired power
plants. The project activity has been essentially conceived to generate GHG
emission free electricity by making use of available Solar PV in the project area.
The project - being a renewable energy project - leads to sustainable
development through efficient utilization of naturally available sunlight and
generation of additional employment for the local stakeholders.
The Government of India in its Interim Approval Guidelines for CDM Projects
has stipulated a set of indicators for describing the sustainable development of
a project. According to these indicators, the sustainability of the described
project is as follows:
Social well being:
The project activity is generating employment opportunities for professional,
skilled and unskilled labour for development, engineering, procurement
operation and maintenance of the project activity. The development of project
specific infrastructure will result in employment and income generation activities
for local personnel. In addition various kinds of maintenance work would
generate employment opportunities for local contractor on regular and
Economic well being:
• The project activities will bring an additional permanent basis. The project
activity would promote the application of solar energy based power
generation investment to the tune of INR 650 million, which is a
significant investment in a green field project in the region.
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• The project activities will act as a nucleus for other economic activities
such as setting up of cottage industries, shops, hotels etc. around the
area, contributing to the economic development around the project area.
• Proposed power plant will use solar radiation as resource for generation
of power helps conserve foreign exchange by reducing the need to import
fossil fuels to meet the country’s growing energy demand.
Environmental well being: Solar energy based power generation system will be a robust clean technology
involving latest state of the art renewable energy options to be used for the
purpose of electricity generation. The project implementation will lead to
reduction of SOx, NOx and particulate matter (PM) emissions. It therefore
results in an improvement in air quality and human health.
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2 DETAILS ABOUT THE PROPOSED PROJECT LOCATION IN ANANTAPUR DISTRICT
2.1 Introduction
Anantapur district is situated in 13'-40'' and 15’-15'' Northern Latitude and 76'-
50'' and 78'-30'' Eastern Longitude. It is bounded by Bellary, Kurnool District
on the North, Cuddapah and Kolar Districts of Karnataka on South East and
North respectively. The District is roughly oblong in shape, the longer side
running North to South with a portion of Chitradurg District of Karnataka State
intruding into it from west between Kundurpi and Amarapuram Mandals.The
Distance of State capital Hyderabad from the district is of ~300 Kms. The
District of Anantapur has a fairly good elevation which provides the District with
tolerable climate throughout the year. It has a gradual fall from the South
North towards the valley of the Pennar in Peddavadugur, Peddapappur and
Tadipatri Mandals. There is a gradual rise in Hindupur, Parigi, Lepakshi,
Chilamathur, Agali, Rolla and Madakasira Mandals in the South to join the
Karnataka Plateau where the average elevation is about 2000 feet is above the
mean sea level.
2.2 Area and population in Anantapur District
There are 929 inhabited villages, out of 964 total Revenue villages of the
District. The number of villages in size group of 500 to 1999 forms 36.71% of
the total inhabited villages . The size group of 2000 to 4999 forms 38.64% and
the size group of 5000 to 9999 forms 12.81% only out of total villages, while 84
villages ( 9.04%) of total inhabited villages are having population less than 500.
There are 26 villages with more than 10,000 population excluding Towns.
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2.3 Rainfall and Climate
Anatapur district being far from the East coast, it does not enjoy the full
benefits of North East Monsoons and being cut off by the high western Ghats,
the South West Monsoon are also prevented from penetrating and punching
the thirst of these parched soils. It is therefore seen, the district is deprived of
both the monsoons and subjected to droughts due to bad seasons. The normal
rainfall of the district is 553.0 MMs. by which it secures least rainfall when
compared to Rayalaseema and other parts of Andhra Pradesh. The normal
rainfall for the South West Monsoon period is 338.0 MMs. which forms about
61.2% of the total rainfall for the year. The failure of the rains in this South
West monsoon period of June to September will lead the District to drought by
failure of crops. The rainfall for North East monsoon period is 156.0 M.Ms. only,
which forms 28.3% M.Ms. of the total rainfall for the year (October to
December).
2.4 Temperature
March, April and May are warm months when the normal daily maximum
temperature ranges between 29.1 C to 40.3 C. November, December and
January are cooler months when the temperature falls about 15.7 C,
Hindupur, Parigi, Lepakshi, Chilamathur, Agali, Rolla and Madakasira Mandals
being at High Elevation are more cooler than the rest of the Mandals in the
District.
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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2.5 Proposed Project location
The Proposed project site T Veerapuram is located in Raydurg Taluk of
Anantapur district. Below figure shows the project location. The site selection
for a Solar Power Plant is pre-dominantly determined by solar insulation
availability & grid connectivity for exporting power. Equally important are other
essential factors/considerations such as:
• Availability of adequate land for Power Plant and green belt development
• Soil condition like soil bearing capacity etc.
• Proximity to State Electricity Grid enabling economic evacuation of power
generated
• Availability of water and power during construction
• Availability of local work force in the proximity
• Availability of load centres (towns) within vicinity
• Easy accessibility of the site
The proposed project site in Veerapuram village, Anatapur district of Andhra
Pradesh State is found favoring all the above factors to a reasonable extent.
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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Figure : Location map of Anatapur district in India:
Figure : Map showing proposed project site within Anantapur
Proposed Project site for 5 MW SPV Power Project at Veerapura
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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2.6 Land requirement and layout of the proposed Project
The Power Plant will be located in the proposed site in Veerapuram village. The
total land area required for the project is about 25 acres. The Power Plant
layout can be divided into two sections as:
1. Module mounting area and
2. Control room
The major portion of the site will be used for module mounting. As described in
the Power Plant Scheme the module will be mounted in a steel structure which
will be installed facing South direction for best efficiency & optimal power
output. The steel structure will be grouted using RCC foundation. The proposed
structure is designed to hold 8 modules per structure and which can withstand
wind speed up to 100km/hr. The structure is designed in such a way that it will
occupy minimum required space without sacrificing the performance.
The interconnection cables are routed within the structure and the output cables
from the modules are taken through proper size conduit to the smart connect
box. The output cables from the junction boxes are routed under the ground
through conduits or cable trenches. Man holes for regular maintenance and
inspection will be provided at equal distances as required. Earthing for all the
module mounting structures will be done using copper or GI conductors. The
earth pits for module area will be provided as the electrical standards. In order
to protect the modules from lightning, lightning protection will be provided in
the module mounting area. Sufficient number of lightning arrestor will be
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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provided in this area alone for protection of modules. The proposed power plant
layout is enclosed as annexure 5.
2.7 Land availability and acquisition for the project
As mentioned in the previous section, solar power plant of 5 MW capacity
requires about 25 acres of land. The land required by the project is already
acquired on lease basis.
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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RADIATION DATA AND PROJECTED POWER GENERATION FROM THE PROJECT
ACTIVITY
Actual site of installation is T. Veerapuram village, Raydurg taluka, located in
Anatapur district. The latitude and longitude of this site is 14.36 0N and 76.56
0E respectively. Solar radiation available is for Anatapur in Andhra Pradesh is
considered for simulation of project parameters.
Latitude : 14.70 ºN
Longitude : 77.60 ºE
Below is the weather data for Anatapur district. The data is taken from surface
metrology and solar energy data NASA earth science enterprise programme and
is based on 22 years of yield data analysis.
The irradiation and temperature details considered for the design purpose are
as below:
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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Table -: Temperature details considered for design:
Average annual solar insulation at horizontal angle taken for Anantapur based
on the above chart: 5.34 KWh/m²/day.
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2.8 Simulation report of the power plant
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Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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The above simulation analysis is carried out based on the fixed structures.
Saisudhir energy and NVVN has entered into a power purchase agreement for
the capacity of 5 MW +5% and -0% power plant capacity. The entire generated
energy will be sold to NVVN on a long term basis. With this arrangement to
optimize the power generation potential, it was envisaged to install PV modules
of 5.250 MW capacity to take care of the DC side energy losses in the system.
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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3 SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGY
The key components of a photovoltaic power system are the photovoltaic cells
(sometimes also called solar cells) interconnected and encapsulated to form a
photovoltaic module (the commercial product), the mounting structure for the
module or array, the inverter (essential for grid-connected systems and) and
charge controller (for off-grid systems only).
3.1 Existing Solar Photovoltaic Technologies
Crystalline silicon technologies currently account for most of the overall cell
production in the IEA PVPS countries. Single crystal PV cells are manufactured
using a single-crystal growth method and have commercial efficiencies between
15 % and 18 %. Multicrystalline cells, usually manufactured from a melting and
solidification process, are less expensive to produce but are marginally less
efficient, with conversion efficiencies around 14 %.
PV cells made from ribbons demonstrate an average efficiency around 14 %.
Thin film cells, constructed by depositing extremely thin layers of photovoltaic
semi-conductor materials onto a backing material such as glass, stainless steel
or plastic, show stable efficiencies in the range of 7 % to 13 %. Thin film
materials commercially used are amorphous silicon (a-Si), cadmium telluride
(CdTe), and copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS) and Copper Indium
Selenium (CIS) Thin film modules.
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S.No. Parameter Crystalline Thin Film CPV
Types of Materials Mono/ Polycrystalline Amorphous Silicon, CdS,
CdTe, CIGS, CIS etc.
Triple Junction GaAs Cell &
lens , tracker
1 Handling Better protection against breakage
Not Guaranteed Installation would be at site. Not Guaranteed
2 Power Efficiency 12-16% 6-8% 20-25%3 Technology Well Developed Under development Under development4 Module Weight Light weight modules Heavier modules Heaviest System5 Area utilization Higher power generated
per unit area due to high efficiency
Less power per unit area Highest power per unit area
6 Temperature Effects Temperature variations affect output
Lesser impact of Temperature variations
High variation
7 Irradiance Used particularly for Normal radiations
Better performance with Diffuse radiations
Works only for Normal radiations
8 Module quantity Lesser nos required due to high efficiency
More modules required Lowest nos. of modules required
9 Output per MW installed
High Varies as per sunlight condtion and various locations
Very High(due to tracking)
10 Transportation Cost Lower Transportation cost
Higher cost High cost
11 Mounting Structure Fewer Mounting structure required per KW power
More Mounting structures required
Sophisticated mounting required
12 Land Requirement Lesser space required per MW
Largest space requirement Lowest space required
13 Inverter High inverter flexibility Limited inverter flexibility Limited inverter flexibility14 Cost High cost per Watt Lower cost per Watt Highest cost per Watt14 Environment Effects Less Sensitive Sensitive Sensitive
15 Stabilization Stable power output from at initial stages
Stability achieved after 4-6 months
Unknown
16 Availability Easily available Limited supply Limited supply17 Health hazards Made from non toxic
material (Si)Toxic materials used for thin films (CdS, CdTe)
Unknown
18 Power Degradation Less degradation Highest degradation for initial 5-7 years
High Degradation
19 Plant Maintenance Less maintenance required after installation so lower cost
Highest maintenance required, so highest maintenance cost
High maintenance required, so high maintenance cost
20 Repair Relatively easy Difficult due to complex structure
Difficult due to complex structure
21 Cooling Requirement Not required Not required Requires active or passive cooling which could increase cost
22 Cabling Well known, and lower cabling losses
Well Understood but yet difficult due to higher number of arrays, along with high cabling losses
Complex and under development. Cabling losses expected to be high
23 Suitability for Grid Technology
Good Good Good
3.2 Thin film modules
Thin film modules are potentially cheaper to manufacture than crystalline cells
have a wider customer appeal as design elements due to their homogeneous
appearance present. Disadvantages, such as low-conversion efficiencies and
requiring larger areas of PV arrays and more material (cables, support
structures) to produce the same amount of electricity.
3.3 Comparison between Crystalline, Thin film and CPV
Technologies
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3.4 Conclusion on selection of technology
Each of the above technologies has their own particular strengths and
weaknesses which have played a role in our decision making. We have decided
to use Copper Indium Selenium (CIS) Thin film modules as our
preferred technology. These advantages and disadvantages in addition with
their market availability and costing are the key parameters on basis of which
we have taken our technological decision.
In the section 4.3 we have compared various technologies, and justification of
why we have chosen a particular technology. In the below section we have
compared the CIS, vis a vis Crystalline, Amorphous technologies.
Characteristic CIS Crystalline Amorphous Remarks
Module efficiency ++ +++ - cSi still higher than CIS, but the difference is getting narrow
Appearance ++ - ++ CIS modules are all black, and therefore very compatible with roof settings
High Temperature - - ++ CIS and cSi do not have anneal effect
Light soaking effect ++ - - CIS has light soaking effect. Higher than nominal power output is expected.
Degradation ++ ++ - Degradation rate is almost same as Crystalline.
Production cost ++ + ++ Unit production cost of CIS modules expected to decrease by mass production but not in the case of crystalline module.
Manufacturing process + - + Simple processes allow a smooth and efficient production overall
Environmental contribution
+ - + Environmentally friendly - CIS modules do not include toxic or pollutant elements
Energy payback time ++ + ++ Manufacture of CIS modules require only a small amount of energy
Issue of raw materials ++ - + CIS products do not use silicon, thus less affected by market volatility
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4 POWER PLANT DESIGN CRITERIA
The Power Plant is sized on the following major criteria:
• Solar Power (average insulation available)
• Power evacuation facility in the vicinity of the proposed site along with
Grid availability on 24 Hours a day basis.
Details of the design process and are presented in the below sections.
4.1 Design and Simulation projections by PVSYST
PVSYST tool is one of the most accepted design tool for the study, sizing,
simulation and data analysis of complete PV systems. We have used this tool to
generate the most realistic energy yield simulation results which are detailed in
this report. Main features of PVSYST:
1) Detailed computation of the used components (modules, inverters, etc)
2) Simulation on hourly basis and detailed evaluation and consideration of
different loss factors.
3) Calculation of arbitrary orientated module planes (fixed and tracking
systems)
4) Most accepted and used tool to generate simulation results for big PV
power plants, as the results are based on systematic and refined
approach.
5) Program with the most accurate results and functions at the market.
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4.2 PV Power Plant Energy Production
The system lifetime energy production is calculated by determining the first-
year energy generation as expressed in kWh (AC)/kWp (AC), then degrading
output over the system life based on an annual performance degradation rate.
System degradation (largely a function of PV panel type and manufacturing
quality) and its predictability are important factors in lifecycle costs since they
determine the probable level of future cash flows. This stream of energy
produced is then discounted to derive a present value of the energy generated
to make a levelized cost calculation. The first year kWh/kWp is a function of
the:
• The amount of sunshine the project site receives in a year.
• The mounting and orientation of the system (i.e., flat, fixed-tilt, tracking,
etc.).
• The spacing between PV panels as expressed in terms of system ground
coverage ratio (GCR).
• The energy harvest of the PV panel (i.e., performance sensitivity to high
temperatures, sensitivity to low or diffuse light, etc.).
• System losses from soiling, transformers, inverters, and wiring
inefficiencies.
• System availability largely driven by inverter downtime.
4.3 PV power plant capacity factor
The capacity factor, a standard methodology used in the utility industry to
measure the productivity of energy generating assets, is a key driver of a solar
power plant’s economics.
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A PV power plant’s capacity factor is a function of the insulation at the project
location, the performance of the PV panel (primarily as it relates to high-
temperature performance), and the orientation of the PV panel to the sun, the
system electrical efficiencies, and the availability of the power plant to produce
power.
4.4 Selection of Inverter and Components
For a complete reliable system and to ensure high energy yield from the plant,
innovative components with latest technology are selected. The inverter that is
selected is of very high efficiency over a wide range of load. The inverter
operates in excess of 95.0% efficiency in comparison with the requested of 93%
efficiency.
Design lifetime of the inverter is at 35,000 hours with rated power at 40°C. This
is approximately 4.8 hours at full load per day to estimate the lifetime of 20
years.
4.5 Selection of Monitoring System
Monitoring system requirement for a large power plant like 5 MW with state of
the art technology, monitoring and analysis of is carried out. Few features are
of the monitoring system are presented as follows:
• Monitors the performance of the entire power plant (string wise
monitoring, junction boxes, inverters, etc)
• Evaluates (strings, inverter, nominal/actual value), quantity of DC Power
& AC Power produced.
• Measures instantaneous irradiation level and temperature at site. It also
measures the module back surface temperature.
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• Alerts in case of error (discrepancy in normal operation of components,
like module string/ diodes/ inverter/ junction box / loose contacts/ etc,)
to facilitate recognition and correction of the fault with minimum
downtime.
• Visualizes nominal status of the connected components via Control
Center PC Software (diagnosis on site or remote)
• Logs system data and error messages for further processing or storing
• Stores and visualizes energy yield data (for life of the plant) in the Portal
from where the data can be accessed remotely.
4.6 Design criteria for Cables and Junction boxes and
The power plant will adopt the best engineering practice for complete cable
routing in the power plant by using minimal cable length while connecting in
series string, using optimal size cables to ensure the entire plant cable losses
are minimum.
The junction boxes proposed are completely pre-wired to ensure ease of
installation, maintenance and eliminates any installation hassles. These junction
boxes not only combine the DC power from strings but also monitor each string
performance and feed the same data to the central monitoring system.
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5 DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONETS OF THE POWER
PLANT
The Solar electricity is produced when the Photons from the sun rays hit the
electrons in the Solar PV panels, this will generate Direct Current (DC). The DC
electricity from the panels passes through DC distribution network to a grid
interactive inverter, which converts the DC electricity into 220V AC for single
phase and 415V AC for 3 phase operation by using state of the art technology.
In order to achieve a higher system voltage, modules are connected in Series,
called a string. A higher system voltage has the advantage of less installation
work (smaller conductor cross sections). Lower currents flow at the same
efficiency so that cable losses are reduced. The strings are connected with the
photovoltaic branch or the PV-distributor (Smart connect box). This distributor
is connected with the Main Combiner Box (MCB) which acts as the main DC
collecting unit which passes the power to be converted to the central inverters.
Central inverters combine the various advantages of the other installation
technologies. Thus the module fields are less sensitive towards partial
darkening, as is the case with string inverters. This results in a very good MPP-
matching of the inverters. Thanks to higher system voltages than is the case
with module oriented inverters, central inverters reach a very high efficiency.
Furthermore, installations can be expanded with additions of more modules
without problems. Thus photovoltaic installations of greater efficiency can be
constructed economically.
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The AC power from the inverter are passed to Low voltage panel and then to
the main transformer. From the transformer, the power is routed through the
high voltage panel and eventually to other required measuring & protection
devices before connecting to the grid.
Grid connected solar power plant comprises of the main equipment and
components listed below.
1. Solar PV Modules
2. Central inverters
3. Module mounting system
4. Grid connect equipments
5. Monitoring system
6. Cables & connectors
7. Buildings for housing the electronics (Power-house)
5.1 Solar PV modules
A photovoltaic module is a packaged interconnected assembly of photovoltaic
cells, which converts sunlight into energy. For this project, CIS Thin film PV
technology solar module of 130 Wp is considered.
The Tilt angle for the modules would be 15o (all the modules will be facing
south).
5.2 Central Invertors
Inverters are used for DC voltage to AC voltage conversion. According to output
voltage form they could be rectangle, trapezoid or sine shaped. The most
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expensive, yet at the same time the best quality inverters, output voltage in
sine wave. Inverters connecting a PV system and the public grid are
purposefully designed, allowing energy transfers to and from the public grid.
Central inverters are used in large applications. Many times they can be
connected according to the "master-slave" criteria, when the succeeding
inverter switches on only when enough solar radiation is available or in case of
main inverter malfunction. Inverters connected to module strings are used in
wide power range applications allowing for more reliable operation.
In the proposed project the invertors will connect 41600 modules (each 130Wp
(+-3%)) in series. Such 5200 no of strings will be required for 5250.0 System
The output of the strings will be connected to Central 500 kW PCU. Like this 10
PCU’s are required. The PCU is nothing but converting the DC Power into AC
power and feeding into the grid. It is design with a high efficiency >97% with
IGBT technology, It is delivering the max. Power generated through solar
modules in to grid due to its inbuilt feature of MPPT operations. The PCU is
having internal self protection in case of any fault in the grid. Also the PCU has
inbuilt contactors/breakers with fuses for self protections.
The PCU is having in-built microprocessor based controls. The Inverters is
designed in such a way that it will synchronize with the utility (grid) power with
respect to the Voltage and frequency of Grid and it gets corrected itself
according to the grid parameters within its settable limits. The inverter is
designed in such a way that it will sense the array power and grid power; if
both are available it starts and stops automatically in the morning and evening
respectively. Each PCU is having a remote and local data monitoring system
with which we can monitor all the parameters and current energy generation &
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past generation for the given period. The output voltage of the inverter is
connected to the LT side of the grid through step-up transformer of
0.415/11/110KV or as per the requirement.
5.1 Module mounting system
The module mounting structure is designed for holding suitable number of
modules in series. The frames and leg assembles of the array structures is
made of mild steel hot dip galvanized of suitable sections of Angle, Channel,
Tubes or any other sections conforming to IS:2062 for steel structure to met
the design criteria. All nuts & bolts considered for fastening modules with this
structure are of very good quality of Stainless Steel. The array structure is
designed in such a way that it will occupy minimum space without sacrificing
the output from SPV panels at the same time.
Figure : Typical module mounting structure:
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5.1 Grid connected equipments
A simple block diagram, related to the interconnection of various systems for
gird connectivity, is shown below for reference. The Power from Modules is
directed to the central inverters through the DC combiner boxes and from the
inverters it is routed though the Low voltage panel to the transformer. From the
transformer, the high voltage power is routed to the metering panel, LCB and
eventually to grid through the High Voltage Panel.
Figure : Grid-Connect equipments
5.2 Monitoring System
System proposed will maintain and provide all technical information on daily
solar radiation availability, hours of sunshine, duration of plant operation and
the quantum of power fed to the grid. This will help in estimation of generation
in kWh per MWp PV array capacity installed at the site. The system also enables
diagnostic and monitoring functions for these components. Communication:
Data modem (analogue/ethernet), few features are presented as follows.
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• Monitors the performance of the entire power plant (string wise
monitoring, junction boxes, inverters, etc)
• Evaluates (strings, inverter, nominal/actual value), quantity of DC Power
& AC Power produced.
• Measures instantaneous irradiation level and temperature at site. It also
measures the module back surface temperature.
• Alerts in case of error (discrepancy in normal operation of components,
like module string/ diodes/ inverter/ junction box / loose contacts/ etc,)
to facilitate recognition and correction of the fault with minimum
downtime.
• Visualizes nominal status of the connected components via Control
Center PC Software (diagnosis on site or remote)
• Logs system data and error messages for further processing or storing
• Stores and visualizes energy yield data (for life of the plant) in the Portal
from where the data can be accessed remotely.
5.3 Cables and connectors
The size of the cables between array interconnections, array to junction boxes,
junction boxes to PCU etc shall be so selected to keep the voltage drop and
losses to the minimum. The bright annealed 99.97% pure bare copper
conductors that offer low conductor resistance, they result in lower heating
thereby increase in life and savings in power consumption. These wires are
insulated with a special grade PVC compound formulated. The skin coloration
offers high insulation resistance and long life. Cables are flexible & of annealed
electrolytic grade copper conductor and shall confirm to IS 1554/694-1990 and
are extremely robust and resist high mechanical load and abrasion.
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Cable is of high temperature resistance and excellent weatherproofing
characteristics which provides a long service life to the cables used in large
scale projects. The connectors/lugs of copper material with high current
capacity and easy mode of assembly are proposed.
5.4 Buildings housing for electronics (power house)
The power house will be utilized for housing the inverters, Low Voltage Panels,
High Tension Panels, Plant Monitoring system, Safety equipments, Office room
etc. In order to avoid shading effect the power house is proposed to be
constructed on the North side of the layout.
The power house will be provided with air conditioning unit in order to maintain
the desired temperature of the equipments like inverters for better
performance. The office space will be provided inside the control room with
basic amenities. The performance of the Power Plant can be monitored from the
power house. The power house will be equipped with all necessary safety
equipments as the safety rules. The equipments will be erected as per the
Indian Electrical Standards. The cables will be routed through cables trenches or
cable trays as required. Alarm system will be provided to alert the operator in
case of emergency or plant break-down.
The power house will also house the power evacuation system except the
transformer. The proposed transformer will be installed in outdoor next to the
control room.
The civil engineering and building works shall include the design, detailing, and
construction of all foundations, structures, buildings, installation and service of
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facilities required for the installation, commissioning, operation and
maintenance of all equipment associated with the Power Plant.
The civil works includes the following: preliminaries, additional survey, soil
exploration, piling if needed, ground improvement, foundations, and all
necessary site investigation associated with the operations. Site roads, site
leveling and grading with boundary fences, and gates. In order to avoid
flooding, rain water drainage system is provided all around the plant layout.
5.5 Other facilities including water
The other important requirement for the Power Plant is Water, which will be
used pre-dominantly for module cleaning. The water table is very good in the
proposed site and bore-well for required depth will be erected to meet the
requirement. An over-head tank / underground sump will be constructed as per
the requirement for the water storage.
A first-aid station will be located as part of the power house/office room.
Sufficient space will be provided for vehicle parking near to the power house.
Within the layout approach roads will be made for easy movement of man &
machines.
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6 SPECIFICATION OF MAIN PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Technical specification of major components and bill of materials are presented
in this section.
Table -: Bill of materials
Sl No.
System Components QTY Total Capacities
1
SOLAR MODULE
Solar Cell Type: CIS Thin film module Solar Module Type: Aluminum Framed Module Module Wattage: 130Wp each Total PV modules rated power: 5250 kWp Certification: IEC 61646
41,600 Nos. 5.408 MWp
2
PV SYSTEM MOUNTING STRUCTURE with
single axis tracking
Material: MS Galvanized(>70 micron) i) Design of Solar Photovoltaic 20 module Mounting Structure, Fixed tilt
5200 Nos. Voc=750Volt Vmax=600Volt
3 Array Junction boxes 80 Nos. 06 Input 1 output type.
5
POWER CONDITIONING UNIT (Inverter) 500kVA, IP20 MAKE: AEG or equivalent Specifications: Input Voltage range 450 - 900V 8 Modules connected in series; 5200 strings
10 Nos.
6 1.25 MVA Transformer 5 Nos. ONAN with OLTC
7 6.5 MVA Transformer 1 No. 8 LT panel with Protection & metering 5 Nos.
9 HT Panel with protection Panel & metering 2 No. 11 KV & 33 KV
10 Cables 1 Set PVC Cu Cables 11 Lightning 1 Set Standard 9 Earthing System 1 Set Standard 10 Metering Metering panel Universal / Rema
11 Cables 1 Set Monocab/Finolex
12 Accessories Accessories for cable, interconnection
Huber + Suhner
13 PC for monitoring PC in control room Standard
14 Control Room Control Room (Design and construction)
Standard
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Table -: Technical specification of proposed solar modules at STC
Table -: Specifications of module mounting structure
Technical Specifications for a typical Solar Photovoltaic CIS Thin film module at Standard Test Conditons (STC)
Output power –Pmax (Watts) 130 Wp +/-5%
Warranted minimum Pmax 130 Wp +/-5%
Voltage at Pmax 77.0 V
Current at Pmax 1.82 A
Open-circuit voltage 109 V
Short circuit current 2.10 A
Maximum system voltage (Volts) DC 600 V
Fuse rating 15 A
Type of solar PV cell CIS Thin film
Suitability For grid connected system
Module output Multi contact plug
Certification IEC 61646
Fire rating Class C
Power warranty 10 year warranty on 90% of the minimum output
Structure Technical Specification
Parameters Specifications
Type Single axis tracking system Configuration Each structure will hold 20 modules. Material MS Galvanized Overall dimension
As per design, please refer Attachment C & D
Coating Hot dip (galvanized) Minimum of 70 Micron size Wind rating 100 km/hr (Horizontal) Tilt angle Suitable to site Foundation PCC (1:2:4) Fixing type SS 304 fasteners
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Table -: Cables speficification
Table -: Invertors specification
Cable Technical Specification
Parameters Specifications
Standard IS 1554/694-1990
Working voltage Up to 1100V
Temperature range -15 Deg C to +70 Deg C
Sizes Suitable sizes
Inverter Technical Specifications
Parameters Specifications
Input Voltage range Vpmin=500 VDC to Voc=820 VDC
Recommended solar power as input
500-580 kWp
Output Voltage 510 VAC (Phase), 400 VAC (Line)
AC outputs 5 Connectors (L1, L2, L3, N and PE)
DC inputs 4 minimum Output power 500 kW or above
Output current distortion Less than 2%
MPP range at DC rated output 500- 820 VDC Mains frequency range 50 Hz +/- 0.4% Maximum Efficiency Greater than 95 %
Operating mode Maximum Power Point Tracking (>1% accuracy)
Power factor (Cosφ) 1 Ambient temperature range 0-40 °C Relative humidity 95% non-condensing Protection Type IP20
Automatic turn on When sufficient solar generator power is available
Resetting time after AC deactivation
Minimum 2 minutes
Protection Ground fault monitoring, Reverse polarity protection, Over voltage protection.
Solar generator / Grid decoupling Through high insulation transformer.
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Table -: Transformer specification at 33 kV side
Parameters Specifications
Transformer 1.25 MVA, 415/33 KV, 5 Nos
No. of Phases 3
Type Copper wounded transformer.
Cooling type Oil cooled (ONAN)
Installation Outdoor
Primary voltage 415V
HV 33000 volts
LV 415 volts
Vector Group Dyn 11
Percentage impedance 5%
Secondary voltage 33 kV at 33kV panel
Toppings and windings 33 kV side
Regulation at unity power factor 1.32 %
Regulation @ 0.8 power factor 4.68 %
Max Efficiency @ 36% load >99%
Efficiency (25~125% of load) @ unity power factor
98.5~99%
Efficiency (25~125% of load) @ 0.8 power factor
98~98.9%
Insulation class Class-A
Enclosure Welded steel tank and bolted cover construction.
First filling of oil Confirms to IS 335
Applicable standards IS2026
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Table -: Transformer specification for grid interfacing at 33/132 kV
Parameters Specifications
Transformer 6.50 MVA, 33/132 KV, 1 No.
No. of Phases 3
Type Copper wounded transformer.
Cooling type Oil cooled (ONAN)
Installation Outdoor
Primary voltage 415V
HV 33000 volts
LV 11000 volts
Vector Group Will match with the grid requirement
Percentage impedance 5%
System voltage 33kV at 33 kV panel
Toppings and windings 11 kV side
Regulation at unity power factor 1.32 %
Regulation @ 0.8 power factor 4.68 %
Max Efficiency @ 36% load >99%
Efficiency (25~125% of load) @ unity power factor
98.5~99%
Efficiency (25~125% of load) @ 0.8 power factor
98~98.9%
Insulation class Class-A
Enclosure Welded steel tank and bolted cover construction.
First filling of oil Confirms to IS 335
Applicable standards IS2026
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Table -: Monitoring system specification
Monitoring system Technical Specifications
System
The system is an innovative monitoring and analysis system for
large PV plants. It is upgradeable with CAN bus compatible
components (like junction boxes). The system supports the
diagnostic and monitoring functions for these components.
Monitoring Central system
Monitoring of central inverters and junction boxes to string level.
Measurement & storage of the temperature, irradiation, string level
current values, etc. Transmits the data required for monitoring, such
as yields and the system efficiency, to the Internet portal, where the
data is converted into straightforward diagrams and stored.
A constant target/actual analysis should enable malfunctions to be
detected in their initial stages and an immediate notification is sent
to a definable group of people.
String monitoring
junction boxes
Remote-controlled connection / disconnection should reduce service
outlay on site. The long-life electronic safety feature will optimize
system availability.
Communication Data modem (analogue/Ethernet), CAN open interface for
connecting the system components, RS 232 interface.
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7 POWER EVACUATION AND INTERFACING WITH GRID
It is important that the power plant is designed to operate satisfactorily in
parallel with grid, under the voltage and frequency fluctuation conditions, so as
to export the maximum possible units to the grid. It is also extremely important
to safeguard the system during major disturbances like tripping, pulling and
sudden over loading during the fluctuation of the grid loads on the generating
unit in the island mode, under fault/feeder tripping conditions.
7.1 Power Evacuation System
The Direct Current (DC) from modules is converted into Alternating Current
(AC) by Inverters. The inverter outputs are given to a junction box which is
connected (using 415V XLPE cable) to the LV Panel in the control room. The
output from LV Panel is stepped up to 11kV by, Oil cooled, outdoor type
transformer located near the control room. The HV side of transformer is
connected to 11kV HT Panel in the control room (using 11kV XLPE cable). The
LV and HT Panels have all necessary metering and protection as per Power
Evacuation schematic. From the HT panel, 11kV XLPE cable runs to 11kV
metering panel and then to Double Pole (DP) Structure. DP structure is
connected to existing 33/132 kV grid by suitable Aluminum Conductors Steel
Reinforced (ACSR) conductor.
The Power evacuation system comprises of following major components:
1. Transformer – Oil immersed type with Off circuit tap changer with all
accessories
2. 415V Low Voltage (LV) Panel
3. 11kV High Tension (HT) Panel
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4. 11kV Metering Panel
5. LT & HT cables
6. Control & Power evacuation cables
7.2 Transformers
The proposed transformer shall be installed outdoor suitable for hot, humid and
tropical climate. The transformer will be free from annoying hum and vibration
when it is in operation, even at 10% higher voltage over the rated voltage. The
noise level will be in accordance with respective standards.
The transformer will be designed and constructed so as not to cause any
undesirable interference in radio or communication circuits. The oil filled
transformer will be capable of operating continuously at its rated output without
exceeding the temperature rise limits as given below over design ambient
temperature of 50 deg C.
• In oil by thermometer 50 deg C
• In winding by resistance 55 deg C
The transformer will be designed to withstand without injury, the thermal and
mechanical effect of short circuit at its terminal with full voltage maintained
behind it for a period of 1 second. The transformer will be capable of continuous
operation at the rated output under voltage and frequency variation without
injurious heating at that particular tap for all tap positions.
Phase connections will be delta on LV side and star on HV side. HV side shall be
resistance earthed. HV side shall be suitable for connection to 11kV HT panel.
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LV side shall be suitable for connection to LV panel. Transformer will be
designed for over fluxing withstand capability of 110% continuous and 125% for
at least 1 minute. Further it shall be capable of withstanding 140% of rated
voltage at the transformer LV terminal for a period of 5 seconds to take into
account sudden load throw off conditions.
Overloads will be allowed within conditions defined in the loading guide of
applicable standard. Under these conditions, no limitations by terminal
bushings, off circuit tap changers or other auxiliary equipment shall apply.
7.3 HT, LV & 11KV Metering Panel
Under the normal climatic and earthquake conditions, the HT and LV panels will
meet the following requirements:
a) The physical alignment of 11kV and 415V switchgear panels along with
incoming and outgoing feeder connections, supporting insulators &
structures of bus bars will not get disturbed and there will not be any
internal flashover and/or electrical fault.
b) All relays, transducers, indicating instruments, devices in switchgear
panels will not mal-operate.
c) Current carrying parts, supporting structure, earth connection etc. will
not get dislocated and /or will not break or distort.
d) Co-ordination with other systems
All equipments will have necessary protections. Each switchgear will be
provided with necessary arrangement for receiving, isolating, distributing and
fusing of 230V AC and 11OV DC supplies for various control, lighting, space
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heating and spring charging circuits. DC supply for control shall be duplicated
for each board which shall run through auxiliary bus wires.
11kV Lightning Arrestor will be of non-linear resistor type. Unless otherwise
modified in this specification the lightning arrestor shall comply with IS
3070(Pt.1)1974 or the latest version thereof.
7.4 Cables
11kV cables will be unearthed grade suitable for use in medium resistance
earthed system, with stranded & compacted aluminium conductors, extruded
semi-conducting compound screen, extruded XLPE insulated, extruded semi-
conducting compound with a layer of non- magnetic metallic tape for insulation
screen, extruded PVC (Type ST-2) FRLS outer sheathed, multi-cored conforming
to IS 7098 (Part II) IEC-60502 for constructional details and tests.
7.5 LT Power Cables
LT Power Cable will be 1100V, unearthed grade, multi-core, stranded aluminium
conductor, XLPE insulated with PVC outer sheath made on FRLS PVC compound.
All other details will be as applicable. Minimum conductor cross section of power
cables will be 4 Sq.mm
7.6 Control cables
Control cables will be 1100V Grade, multi-core, minimum 2.5 Sq.mm cross
section, stranded copper conductor having 7 strands, PVC insulated, and outer
sheath made of FRLS PVC compound. In situations where accuracy of
measurement is or voltage drop in control circuit is not warrant, higher cross
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sections as required will be used. 4 sq.mm copper conductor cables will be used
for CT circuits all other specifications remaining same.
7.7 Power Evacuation Cable
3 Core XLPE insulated, aluminium cable confirming to IS 7098 of required
length shall be provided for power evacuation.
7.8 Grid Synchronization Scheme
The output power from the LV panel is taken to set-up transformer, where the
voltage is stepped up from 415V to 11kV. The output of the transformer is fed
to HT panel and from the HT panel to Double Pole (DP) structure.
From DP structure, ACSR conductors run to another DP structure located near
the existing 33/132 kV grid at about 10 km from the project site. Single pole
(SP) structures are provided at equal intervals. The number of single pole
structures required is determined based on sag calculation. The location of DP
and SP structures will be decided during detailed engineering. Air Breaker (AB)
switch is provided near DP structure to facilitate isolation of the power plant
from the grid during emergency. Jump conductors are used to connect the DP
structure to the existing 33/132 kV grid. A single line diagram (SLD) for
depicting the power evacuation scheme is enclosed as annexure 9.
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8 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS
Photovoltaic system consists out of two parts.
1. Direct current (DC) side
2. Alternating current (AC) side
Solar PV array generates DC Power at a very high voltage and need to be
handled carefully.
8.1 DC side of the power plant
1 PV modules convert Sun light into DC Power.
2 PV modules are connected in series & parallel to create necessary voltage
& current. The series & parallel connections are done as per the design.
3 The output of PV array is connected to junction boxes and outputs of the
several junction boxes are connected to main combiner box.
4 This generated DC power is passed through the Inverter to convert DC
power into AC power.
8.2 AC side of the power plant
1 The output of the Inverter will be AC power at 415V.
2 This converted AC power at 415V is connected to LV panel and stepped
up to 11kV using a step-up transformer.
3 From 11 kV the power is stepped up to 33 kV and is connected to HT
panel and from HT panel to Double Pole conductor.
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4 AC Power is transmitted through overhead line to the 33/132 kV
substation located at about 10 km from the project site.
5 Both on DC side of generation as well as AC side of conversion, protection
and safety devices are provided to ensure safe and reliable operation of
the complete Solar Power Generating system.
6 Monitoring and Analysis system provided with the power plant will record,
store and transfer data that are essential for the same purpose.
8.3 Mode of Operation
The PV system basically consists of the following components:
1 PV arrays convert Sun light into DC Power.
2 This generated DC power is passed through the Inverter to convert DC
power into AC power.
3 This converter AC power at 415V is stepped up to 33 kV using a step-up
transformer.
4 AC power at 33 kV is connected to the Grid at the same voltage.
5 Both on DC side of generation as well as AC side of conversion, protection
and safety devices are provided to ensure safe and reliable operation of
the complete Solar Power Generating system.
6 Monitoring and Analysis system provided with the power plant will record,
store and transfer data that are essential for the same purpose.
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8.4 Maintenance requirements
The main objectives of the maintenance section focus on keeping the plant
running reliably and efficiently as long as possible with any break down.
Reliability is impaired when a plant is thrown to forced and unforeseen outages.
The following measures will help in reducing the break down maintenance and
also help in planning for preventive maintenance.
1 Careful logging of operation data and periodically processing it to
determine abnormal or slowly deteriorating conditions.
2 Careful control and supervision of operating conditions. Wide and rapid
variations in voltage and frequency conditions do contribute to increased
maintenance.
3 Regulate routine maintenance work such as keeping equipment clean,
cleaning of module, proper maintenance of inverters etc.
4 Correct operating procedures.
5 Frequent testing of plant equipment by ‘Walk Down’ checks to internal
condition of equipments such as module performance, inverter efficiency
test, monitoring system testing etc.
6 Close co-ordination with the manufacture to effect improvements in plant
layouts and design, use of better material, introduction of such facilities
as lightning protection, etc.
8.5 Spare parts management system
The primary objectives of spare parts management system will be to ensure
timely availability of proper spare parts for efficient maintenance of the plant
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without excessive build up on non-moving and slow moving inventory. A
provision of 2% of equipment cost is kept for purchase of spare parts for
smooth functioning of the plant. The spare parts management system for this
project will cover the following areas:
7 Maintaining the proper condition of all spares and consumables.
8 Spare parts indenting and procurement policy.
9 Ordering of critical mandatory and recommended spares.
10 Judicious fixation of inventory levels and ordering levels for spare parts
based on past experience.
8.6 Maintenance of O & M Manuals
Operation and Maintenance (O&M) manual for the various sections of the plant
in adequate number of copies shall be made available to the plant personnel. It
is also proposed to have a sound and slide show for the education and training
of the operators.
The set points as per O&M manual will be reviewed and any revisions required
at the pre-commissioning and commissioning stage will be incorporated for
operator guidance.
8.7 Operation & maintenance Organization of the Plant
The organization proposed ensures that the proposed power plant will be
headed by the plant Engineer, holding the full charge of the power plant
operations, reporting directly to the project promoters. The staffing
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recommended here takes care of the operation, maintenance and the related
record keeping.
The plant Engineer should be a graduate engineer with relevant experience in a
power plant. Generally, the power plant will be similar to unmanned type.
However, two more technicians would be required for regular monitoring and
few people will be engaged for regular cleaning of the Solar Modules.
8.8 Training
During the commissioning of the plant training will be imparted to the Engineer
and supervisors. This operational training shall cover the following:
1 The nature, purpose and limitations of all plant and equipment.
2 The detailed operating instructions on each section and equipment of the
plant.
3 Normal startup and shutdown Program for the plant.
4 The emergency procedures and all related HSE issues according to the
standards.
5 The basis for the training shall be the plant's Operation and Maintenance
Manual, Contract document and drawings provided by the manufacturer.
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9 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Photovoltaic (PV) technologies have distinct environmental advantages for
generating electricity over conventional technologies. The operation of
photovoltaic systems does not produce any noise, toxic-gas emissions, or
greenhouse gases. Photovoltaic energy not only can help to meet the growing
worldwide demand for electricity, but it can do so without incurring the high
economic and environmental costs of burning fossil fuels and installing power
lines. Compared to burning coal, every giga watt-hour of electricity generated
by photovoltaics would prevent the emission of about 10 tons of sulphur
dioxide, 4 tons of nitrogen oxides, 0.7 tons of particulates, and up to 1000 tons
of carbon dioxide.
It has been proposed to use CIS Thin modules which does not contain toxic
material (eg. Lead, cadmium). Independent studies and reports have confirmed
PV Modules are safe to people, animal life and the environment during any
anticipated application or use.
• PV solar modules represent a 90% reduction in harmful air emissions
when used to displace conventional energy generation technologies. Solar
electricity is generated with no air emissions, no waste use and no waste
production while preventing the environmental impacts associated with
traditional fossil fuels.
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• A 2006 Progress in Photovoltaic Research and Applications study showed
that the active semiconductor material used within Solar PV Modules
presents the best energy payback time of all existing solar technologies.
• Solar PV Modules are classified as "waste for recovery" and non-
hazardous in accordance with the German Waste Code, European Waste
Legislation and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards.
As part of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to be implemented for
the Power Plant as a whole, monitoring of Noise level and water quality both at
source and in the ambient at the plant site will be done regularly as per Central
Pollution Control Board (CPCB) guidelines after the plant is commissioned.
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10 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION OF THE POWER PLANT
The organization proposed ensures that the proposed power plant will be
headed by the plant manager, holding the full charge of the power plant
operations, reporting directly to the project promoters. The staffing
recommended here takes care of the operation, maintenance and record
keeping.
The plant manager should be a graduate engineer with minimum of 10 years of
experience out of which at least five years should have been worked in a power
plant.
Shift supervisors should be provided housing nearby the power plant premises.
It is considered that these personnel will be available for 24 hours for meeting
any emergency requirements of the operation of the plant.
The plant manger will be in charge for both technical and administrative
functions. The organization under plant manager shall be divided into operation
and maintenance group.
The plant operation team will work in three shifts per day. Each shift will be
controlled by a shift supervisor. There will be an additional shift supervisor who
will function as reliever.
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10.1 Training
During the commissioning of the plant training will be imparted to the operators
and shift supervisors, this operational training shall be to acquaint the operators
with the following:
• The nature, purpose and limitations of all plant and equipment.
• The detailed operating instructions on each section and equipment of the
plant.
• Normal startup and shutdown Program for the plant.
• The emergency procedures.
The basis for the training shall be the plant's operating and maintenance
manual, contract document, drawings which is provided by the manufacturer.
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10.2 Plant Operation Organization Chart
PLANT ADMIN HEAD 1
PLANT SUPERVISOR Shift No.1 – 1 No.
PLANT MANAGER 1
PLANT SUPERVISOR Shift No.2 – 1 No.
PLANT SUPERVISOR Shift No.3 – 1No.
PLANT SUPERVISOR Reliever 1 No.
PLANT HELPER Shift No.1 – 3 No.
PLANT HELPER Shift No.2 – 3 No.
PLANT HELPER Shift No.3 – 3 No.
PLANT HELPER Reliever 2 No.
ACCOUNTANT 1
SECURITY Shift No.2 – 1No.
SECURITY Shift No.3 – 1 No.
SECURITY Reliever - 1 No.
SECURITY Shift No.1 – 1 No.
PLANT OPERATOR Reliever 3 No.
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10.3 Project Implementation Strategy It is envisaged that the project will have the below mentioned phase of
activities. These phases are not mutually exclusive; to implement the project on
fast track basis some degree of overlapping is envisaged.
• Project Development
• Finalization of the Equipment and Contracts
• Procurement and Construction
• Plant Commissioning and performance testing
10.4 Project Development
In a power project, development of the project plays an important role. Almost
50 % of the work is done if one achieves power purchase agreement from the
NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam Ltd (NVVN).
Apart from the above the below listed tasks will be under project development:
1. Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
2. Participation in RFQ/submission of application with documents for
registration with NVVN
3. Expedite LOI from NVVN
4. Power purchase agreement (PPA) with NVVN
5. Financial closure
10.5 Finalization of the Equipments and Contracts In the power plant PV modules, invertors and transformers are the long lead
items and the planning schedule for the project implementation should provide
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adequate time period for the installation of these equipment. The specifications
for major equipment like the Modules, Invertors and Transformer design shall
be drawn up at an early stage of the project. Program of design information,
from the equipment suppliers, that satisfies the overall project schedule shall be
drawn up.
Since, the project execution calls for closer coordination among the contractors,
consultants and the company, proper contract co-ordination and monitoring
procedures shall be made to plan and monitor the project progress.
10.6 Procurement and Construction
The procurement is an important function of the implementation of the project.
Once the purchase order is placed, the project team follows up regularly to
ensure smooth and timely execution of the contract and for obtaining technical
information for the inter-package engineering.
When the contract for the equipment are awarded, detailed program in the form
of network are tied up with the supplier to clearly indicate the owner's
obligations and the suppliers responsibilities. And upon placement of the
purchase order, the project team follows up regularly to ensure smooth and
timely execution of the contract and or obtaining technical information for the
inter-package engineering. The procurement activity includes review of
drawings, expediting, stage and final pre-delivery inspection, supervision of
installation and commissioning.
To expedite supplies from the manufacturers, regular visits to the supplier's
works will have to be undertaken by the project engineers/consultants. The
manufacturing program and quality plans finalized at the time of award of
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contract. Regular reports shall be prepared indicating the schedule variations, if
any, their likely impact on the delivery schedule, and the recommendations to
meet with the schedules.
During construction, the erection and commissioning phase of all the contracts
proceed simultaneously. Adequate power and water shall be made available for
the construction. Construction manager of Saisudhir Energy takes the overall
responsibility of the site.
10.7 Erection and Commissioning Phase
The commissioning phase in a project is one where design, manufacturing,
erection and quality assurance expertise are put to test. The commissioning
team will be from manufacturer of the equipment, consultant and the company.
As discussed in the earlier section, staff identified to operate the plant will be
involved in the commissioning phase of the project itself.
When construction phase is complete, the check list designed to ensure that the
plant has been properly installed with appropriate safety measures. The
commissioning team will follow the operating instructions laid down by the plant
and equipment manufacturer. The plant shall be subjected to a performance
test, after the successful completion of the performance test of the plant, the
plant will be taken over by the company.
It is responsibility of the company to ensure that major civil work shall have to
be planned in the non-monsoon period. All the statutory clearances like
pollution control board clearance will be obtained much before of the start of
the project commissioning.
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11 PROJECT COST ESTIMATE AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS The cost of the power project is estimated, on the basis of the prevailing prices
rates and the estimation is for the installation of power generation facilities
described in the earlier sections of this report.
The cost of the solar power plant, presented in this section of the report covers
all the costs associated with the construction of the plant and included civil
construction cost, cost of equipment for power generation, cost of auxiliaries
and utilities. We have also taken the reference of CERC considered capital cost
for approving the purchase tariff for solar photovoltaic based power plants in
the country.
Table -: Project Cost Estimate
Particulars Rs. Mn
Land 102.04
Civil Works 40.36
PV Modules 320.00
Module mounting Structures 50.00
BOS ( Balance of System ) including Combiner Box, Invertors, data logging System etc.
90.60
Transmission Line. 12 KM Length 10.00
Terminal equipments at evacuation point 7.00
Prel. & Pre Operative Expenses (Includes IDC – Rs. 26 Mn) 30.00
TOTAL 650.00
The Solar PV based power plant promoted by Saisudhir Energy Limited is
planned as an IPP. This power plant will supply power through APTRANSCO Grid
to NVVN on a long term power purchase agreement (PPA) as per the guidelines
of Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM).
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11.1 Plant Operation
The Gross generation of power in the proposed power plant will be 5 MW. Solar
power plants do not require any reactive power for its main plant components
and auxiliary equipment. The estimated energy generation, considering the
losses for 25 years (project life of the power plant) is depicted in the below
table.
Years Net Export to Grid (GWh) 2011-12 2.33 2012-13 9.32 2013-14 9.23 2014-15 9.14 2015-16 9.05 2016-17 8.95 2017-18 8.87 2018-19 8.78 2019-20 8.69 2020-21 8.60 2021-22 8.52 2022-23 8.43 2023-24 8.35 2024-25 8.26 2025-26 8.18 2026-27 8.10 2027-28 8.02 2028-29 7.94 2029-30 7.86 2030-31 7.78 2031-32 7.70 2032-33 7.62 2033-34 7.55 2034-35 7.47 2035-36 7.40 2036-37 7.32
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11.2 Salable Electricity
The Gross generation of power in the proposed power plant will be about 9.63
million units per annum at PV array in AC side after the PV array losses, the net
energy exportable to the grid after the PV array losses is estimated to be about
9.32 million units. This surplus energy from the plant is connected to APTransco
33/132 kV substation located about 10 km from the project site and sold to
NVVN on long term power purchase agreement as per the Jawaharlal Nehru
National Solar Mission (JNNSM) guidelines.
11.3 Sale Price of Electricity
As per the financial analysis carried out, it is envisaged that a power purchase
agreement would be entered into with NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam Limited
(NVVN). Saiduhir energy has signed a power purchase agreement with NVVN at
a price of ` 12.00 per kWh. This tariff has been accepted by NVVN after a
competitive bidding carried out to purchase solar power on long term basis.
11.4 Sale Price of carbon credits
Certified Emissions Reductions or CER's are a "certificate" just like a stock. A
CER is given by the CDM Executive Board to projects in developing countries to
certify they have reduced green house gas emissions. Developed countries buy
CER's from developing countries under the CDM process to help them achieve
their Kyoto targets. The Kyoto protocol is defined by UNFCCC.
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The existing protocol is defined up to 2012 i.e protocol expires by 2012. The
European Union, the major buyer of the carbon credits from green energy
projects from the developing countries restricted the use of CER’s if no
agreement is reached on Kyoto protocol by 2012 by developing countries
including US. There are many market uncertainties in selling CER’s generated,
majority of which depends on the policy decisions of the developing countries
and US to join the Kyoto protocol agreement for reducing carbon emissions.
Keeping the above CER market uncertainties in view, the prices of CER’s are
considered for the current project at € 12 per CER which works out to INR
7.5Mn.
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Table -2: Assumptions for Financial Projections
Assumptions Supporting Financial Projections Input value Data Source
Installed Capacity MW 5.00 Proposed
Average Working days / Annum Days 365.00 Industry norms
Plant Load Factor % 21.28% As per the commitment from Vendor
Tariff Rs / kWh 12.00 Already PPA Signed with NTPC NVVN
O&M Expenses (on Project Cost)
0.53% CERC Tariff regulations 2009 (reference)
Escalation in O&M
5.72% CERC Tariff regulations 2009 (reference)
Interest on Term Loan
11.50% Assumed
Loan repayment Period / years years 13 Assumed
Moratorium From COD/Years years 1 Assumed
Interest on Working capital
13.00% Assumed
Income Tax ( Regular)
32.45% As per latest Budget 2011
Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT)
18.50% As per latest Budget 2011
Incentives
MNRE Subsidy ( Rs. Million)
0.00 MNRE Guidelines
Tax holiday / years
10 As per Sec. 80IA of Income Tax Act,1961
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Revenue
Carbon Emission Remittance (CRE) price Euro / ton 12 Assumed
Exchange rate Rs / Euro 67 Assumed
Outputs
Generation GWh 9.32
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Interest On Term Loan
(Rs.million)
Particulars / Years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Opening Term Loan 455.00 446.25 411.25 376.25 341.25 306.25 271.25 236.25 201.25 166.25 131.25 96.25 61.25 26.25
Repayment
Quarter I 0.00 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75
Quarter II 0.00 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75
Quarter III 0.00 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75
Quarter IV 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 0.00
Loan Repayment 8.75 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 26.25
Outstanding Term Loan 455.00 446.25 411.25 376.25 341.25 306.25 271.25 236.25 201.25 166.25 131.25 96.25 61.25 26.25
Quarter I 455.00 437.50 402.50 367.50 332.50 297.50 262.50 227.50 192.50 157.50 122.50 87.50 52.50 17.50
Quarter II 455.00 428.75 393.75 358.75 323.75 288.75 253.75 218.75 183.75 148.75 113.75 78.75 43.75 8.75
Quarter III 455.00 420.00 385.00 350.00 315.00 280.00 245.00 210.00 175.00 140.00 105.00 70.00 35.00 0.00
Quarter IV 446.25 411.25 376.25 341.25 306.25 271.25 236.25 201.25 166.25 131.25 96.25 61.25 26.25 0.00
Interest
Quarter I 13.08 12.83 11.82 10.82 9.81 8.80 7.80 6.79 5.79 4.78 3.77 2.77 1.76 0.75
Quarter II 13.08 12.58 11.57 10.57 9.56 8.55 7.55 6.54 5.53 4.53 3.52 2.52 1.51 0.50
Quarter III 13.08 12.33 11.32 10.31 9.31 8.30 7.30 6.29 5.28 4.28 3.27 2.26 1.26 0.25
Quarter IV 13.08 12.08 11.07 10.06 9.06 8.05 7.04 6.04 5.03 4.03 3.02 2.01 1.01 0.00
Total Interest on Term Loan 52.33 49.81 45.78 41.76 37.73 33.71 29.68 25.66 21.63 17.61 13.58 9.56 5.53 1.51
Means of Finance Rs. Mn
Share Capital - 30% 195.00 Term Loan - 70% 455.00
TOTAL 650.00
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Table -3: Estimation of Depreciation
Estimation of Depreciation
Apportionment of Pre-operatives (Rs.million)
Land 102.04 4.94 0.00 106.98
Civil Works 40.36 1.95 0.00 42.31
PV Modules 320.00 15.48 0.00 335.48
Transmission Line. 12 KM Length 157.60 7.63 0.00 165.23
Total 620.00 30.00 0.00 650.00
Calculation of Book Depreciation (SLM) (Rs.million)
Particulars Cost Depreciation Residual Value
Land 106.98 0.00 106.98
Civil Works 42.31 40.20 2.12
PV Modules 335.48 318.71 16.77
Transmission Line. 12 KM Length 165.23 156.96 8.26
Total 650.00 515.87 134.13
Deprectiaton per annum on SLM Basis 20.63
Actual Cost Pre-Operative Exp Contingencies Total CostParticulars
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Income Tax (Rs.million)
Income Tax 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25
as per MAT (18.5%) on profit 1.94 7.92 8.12 8.61 9.09 9.58 10.07 10.55 11.03 11.52 12.00 12.48 12.96 13.44
As per IT (30%+5%+3%) =32.45% on profit - - - - - - - - - - 21.05 21.89 22.73 23.57
Tax provision 1.94 - - - - - - - - - 21.05 21.89 22.73 23.57
Income Tax 2025-26 2026-27 2027-28 2028-29 2029-30 2030-31 2031-32 2032-33 2033-34 2034-35 2035-36 2036-37
as per MAT (18.5%) on profit 13.91 13.92 13.65 13.37 13.09 12.81 12.52 12.23 11.93 11.63 11.33 11.02
As per IT (30%+5%+3%) =32.45% on profit 24.40 24.42 23.94 23.45 22.96 22.46 21.96 21.45 20.93 20.41 19.87 19.33
Tax provision 24.40 24.42 23.94 23.45 22.96 22.46 21.96 21.45 20.93 20.41 19.87 19.33
Note:
Tax holiday as per Sec 80IA of IT Act, 1961 is considered for the first 10 years from commercial operation. However, tax is paid as per
Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) at 18.50% on profits. The tax so paid is available for credit up to 10 years. The amount will be shown as
asset in Balance Sheet. Since the tax paid in the first year cannot be utilized for adjustment in 11 year, it is charged to Profit and Loss
statement. Subsequent payments of tax till 10th year are considered as asset and are adjusted to tax payable from 11th years onwards.
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Table -4: Project Profit & Loss Statement, Balance Sheet, Cash Flow, Project IRR and Working Capital
Summary of the Projections for 5 MW
Factor Unit Value
Project Cost Rs. Mn 650.00Equity - 30% Rs. Mn 195.00Debt - 70% Rs. Mn 455.00Project IRR % 13.63%Equity IRR % 18.89%DSCR - Min times 1.35DSCR - Avg times 1.65
Projected Profitability Statement Rs Mn
Particulars 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25 2025-26 2026-27 2027-28 2028-29 2029-30 2030-31 2031-32 2032-33 2033-34 2034-35 2035-36 2036-37
(3 months)
Net Export to Grid(Units in Mn) 2.33 9.32 9.23 9.14 9.05 8.95 8.87 8.78 8.69 8.60 8.52 8.43 8.35 8.26 8.18 8.10 8.02 7.94 7.86 7.78 7.70 7.62 7.55 7.47 7.40 7.32
Tariff (Rs /KWh) 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00
CDM Revenue 1.87 7.49 7.42 7.35 7.27 7.20 7.13 7.06 6.99 6.92 6.85 6.78 6.71 6.64 6.58 6.51 6.45 6.38 6.32 6.25 6.19 6.13 6.07 6.01 5.95 5.89
Power Revenue 27.97 111.86 110.75 109.64 108.54 107.46 106.38 105.32 104.26 103.22 102.19 101.17 100.16 99.15 98.16 97.18 96.21 95.25 94.29 93.35 92.42 91.49 90.58 89.67 88.78 87.89
Total Revenue 29.84 119.36 118.17 116.98 115.81 114.66 113.51 112.37 111.25 110.14 109.04 107.95 106.87 105.80 104.74 103.69 102.66 101.63 100.61 99.61 98.61 97.62 96.65 95.68 94.72 93.78
Expenses
Direct Cost - O&M Expenses 0.87 3.46 3.66 3.87 4.09 4.33 4.58 4.84 5.11 5.41 5.72 6.04 6.39 6.75 7.14 7.55 7.98 8.44 8.92 9.43 9.97 10.54 11.14 11.78 12.45 13.16
Employee Cost 0.03 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.28 0.29 0.31 0.32 0.34 0.35
Administrative Expenses 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06
Interest and Financial Charges 13.30 52.33 49.81 45.78 41.76 37.73 33.71 29.68 25.66 21.63 17.61 13.58 9.56 5.53 1.51 - - - - - - - - - - -
Depreciation 5.16 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63
Total Expenses 19.36 76.57 74.26 70.45 66.65 62.87 59.10 55.34 51.60 47.88 44.17 40.48 36.81 33.16 29.54 28.45 28.89 29.36 29.86 30.38 30.93 31.52 32.14 32.79 33.48 34.21
Profit Before Tax (PBT) 10.47 42.79 43.91 46.53 49.16 51.79 54.41 57.03 59.65 62.26 64.86 67.46 70.05 72.63 75.20 75.25 73.77 72.27 70.76 69.23 67.68 66.11 64.51 62.89 61.24 59.56
Income Tax 1.94 - - - - - - - - - 21.05 21.89 22.73 23.57 24.40 24.42 23.94 23.45 22.96 22.46 21.96 21.45 20.93 20.41 19.87 19.33
Profit After Tax (PAT) 8.54 42.79 43.91 46.53 49.16 51.79 54.41 57.03 59.65 62.26 43.82 45.57 47.32 49.06 50.80 50.83 49.83 48.82 47.80 46.76 45.72 44.65 43.58 42.48 41.37 40.24
EBDITA over Total Revenue 96.98% 96.98% 96.77% 96.56% 96.32% 96.08% 95.81% 95.53% 95.23% 94.91% 94.56% 94.20% 93.81% 93.39% 92.94% 92.47% 91.96% 91.42% 90.84% 90.22% 89.56% 88.85% 88.10% 87.29% 86.44% 85.52%
PBT over Total Revenue 35.10% 35.85% 37.16% 39.78% 42.45% 45.17% 47.94% 50.75% 53.62% 56.53% 59.49% 62.50% 65.55% 68.65% 71.80% 72.57% 71.86% 71.11% 70.33% 69.50% 68.63% 67.71% 66.75% 65.73% 64.65% 63.52%
PAT over Total Revenue 28.61% 35.85% 37.16% 39.78% 42.45% 45.17% 47.94% 50.75% 53.62% 56.53% 40.18% 42.22% 44.28% 46.38% 48.50% 49.02% 48.54% 48.04% 47.51% 46.95% 46.36% 45.74% 45.09% 44.40% 43.67% 42.90%
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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Projected Balance Sheet Rs. MnParticulars 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25 2025-26 2026-27 2027-28 2028-29 2029-30 2030-31 2031-32 2032-33 2033-34 2034-35 2035-36 2036-37
Share Capital 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 Reserves & Surplus 8.54 51.33 95.23 141.77 190.93 242.72 297.13 354.16 413.81 476.07 519.88 565.45 612.77 661.84 712.64 763.47 813.29 862.11 909.91 956.67 1,002.39 1,047.04 1,090.62 1,133.10 1,174.47 1,214.71 Term Loan 455.00 446.25 411.25 376.25 341.25 306.25 271.25 236.25 201.25 166.25 131.25 96.25 61.25 26.25 - - - - - - - - - - - - Other Liabilities 24.40 24.42 23.94 23.45 22.96 22.46 21.96 21.45 20.93 20.41 19.87 19.33
Total 658.54 692.58 701.48 713.02 727.18 743.97 763.38 785.41 810.06 837.32 846.13 856.70 869.02 883.09 932.04 982.88 1,032.23 1,080.56 1,127.87 1,174.14 1,219.35 1,263.49 1,306.55 1,348.51 1,389.34 1,429.03
Fixed Assets 650.00 650.00 650.00 650.00 650.00 650.00 650.00 650.00 650.00 650.00 650.00 650.00 650.00 650.00 650.00 650.00 650.00 650.00 650.00 650.00 650.00 650.00 650.00 650.00 650.00 650.00 Less : Depreciation 5.16 25.79 46.43 67.06 87.70 108.33 128.97 149.60 170.24 190.87 211.51 232.14 252.78 273.41 294.05 314.68 335.32 355.95 376.59 397.22 417.86 438.49 459.13 479.76 500.40 521.03 Net Block 644.84 624.21 603.57 582.94 562.30 541.67 521.03 500.40 479.76 459.13 438.49 417.86 397.22 376.59 355.95 335.32 314.68 294.05 273.41 252.78 232.14 211.51 190.87 170.24 149.60 128.97 Debtors 20.52 20.52 20.33 20.00 19.67 19.34 19.02 18.70 18.38 18.06 17.75 17.45 17.14 16.84 16.54 16.24 15.95 15.66 15.37 15.09 14.81 14.53 14.25 13.98 13.71 13.44 Other Assets - 7.92 16.04 24.65 33.74 43.32 53.39 63.94 74.97 86.49 65.44 43.55 20.82 0.00 24.40 24.42 23.94 23.45 22.96 22.46 21.96 21.45 20.93 20.41 19.87 19.33 Bank Account (6.82) 39.94 61.54 85.44 111.47 139.64 169.94 202.38 236.94 273.63 324.44 377.85 433.84 489.66 535.14 606.90 677.66 747.40 816.12 883.80 950.43 1,016.00 1,080.49 1,143.88 1,206.15 1,267.29
Total 658.54 692.58 701.48 713.02 727.18 743.97 763.38 785.41 810.06 837.32 846.13 856.70 869.02 883.09 932.04 982.88 1,032.23 1,080.56 1,127.87 1,174.14 1,219.35 1,263.49 1,306.55 1,348.51 1,389.34 1,429.03
Cash Flow Statement Rs, MnParticulars 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25 2025-26 2026-27 2027-28 2028-29 2029-30 2030-31 2031-32 2032-33 2033-34 2034-35 2035-36 2036-37
Realisations 9.32 119.36 118.35 117.32 116.14 114.98 113.83 112.69 111.57 110.45 109.35 108.25 107.17 106.10 105.04 103.99 102.95 101.92 100.90 99.89 98.89 97.90 96.92 95.95 95.00 94.05 Total Inflow 9.32 119.36 118.35 117.32 116.14 114.98 113.83 112.69 111.57 110.45 109.35 108.25 107.17 106.10 105.04 103.99 102.95 101.92 100.90 99.89 98.89 97.90 96.92 95.95 95.00 94.05
O&M Expenses 0.87 3.46 3.66 3.87 4.09 4.33 4.58 4.84 5.11 5.41 5.72 6.04 6.39 6.75 7.14 7.55 7.98 8.44 8.92 9.43 9.97 10.54 11.14 11.78 12.45 13.16 Employee Cost 0.03 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.28 0.29 0.31 0.32 0.34 0.35 Admin Cost 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 Interest on Longterm Debt 13.30 52.33 49.81 45.78 41.76 37.73 33.71 29.68 25.66 21.63 17.61 13.58 9.56 5.53 1.51 - - - - - - - - - - - Loan Repayment - 8.75 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 26.25 - - - - - - - - - - - Income Tax 1.94 7.92 8.12 8.61 9.09 9.58 10.07 10.55 11.03 11.52 - - - 2.75 24.40 24.42 23.94 23.45 22.96 22.46 21.96 21.45 20.93 20.41 19.87 19.33 Total Outflow 16.14 72.60 96.75 93.42 90.11 86.81 83.53 80.26 77.00 73.76 58.54 54.85 51.18 50.28 59.56 32.23 32.19 32.18 32.18 32.21 32.26 32.34 32.44 32.56 32.72 32.91
Net Cash Flow (6.82) 46.76 21.61 23.89 26.03 28.17 30.30 32.44 34.57 36.69 50.81 53.41 55.99 55.82 45.48 71.76 70.76 69.74 68.72 67.68 66.63 65.57 64.49 63.39 62.27 61.14
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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Project IRR and Equity IRR
Rs. MnReturns: Cost 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25 2025-26 2026-27 2027-28 2028-29 2029-30 2030-31 2031-32 2032-33 2033-34 2034-35 2035-36 2036-37
Project IRR
Outflow: (650.00)
Inflow:PAT 8.54 42.79 43.91 46.53 49.16 51.79 54.41 57.03 59.65 62.26 43.82 45.57 47.32 49.06 50.80 50.83 49.83 48.82 47.80 46.76 45.72 44.65 43.58 42.48 41.37 40.24 Depreciation 5.16 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 Interest 13.30 52.33 49.81 45.78 41.76 37.73 33.71 29.68 25.66 21.63 17.61 13.58 9.56 5.53 1.51 - - - - - - - - - - - Salvage Value 134.13
Total (650.00) 27.00 115.75 114.35 112.95 111.56 110.16 108.75 107.35 105.94 104.53 82.06 79.79 77.52 75.23 72.94 71.46 70.46 69.45 68.43 67.40 66.35 65.29 64.21 63.12 62.00 195.00
Project IRR 13.63%
Equity IRR
Outflow: (195.00)
Inflow:PAT 8.54 42.79 43.91 46.53 49.16 51.79 54.41 57.03 59.65 62.26 43.82 45.57 47.32 49.06 50.80 50.83 49.83 48.82 47.80 46.76 45.72 44.65 43.58 42.48 41.37 40.24Depreciation 5.16 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63Loan Repayment 0.00 8.75 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 26.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Salvage Value 134.13
Total (195.00) 13.70 54.67 29.54 32.17 34.80 37.42 40.05 42.67 45.28 47.89 29.45 31.21 32.96 34.70 45.18 71.46 70.46 69.45 68.43 67.40 66.35 65.29 64.21 63.12 62.00 195.00
Equity IRR 18.89%
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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Working Capital Rs MnYears
Month Ended Jan Feb Mar April May June Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
Realisations - - 9.32 9.32 9.32 9.32 9.32 9.32 9.32 9.32 9.32 9.32 9.32 9.32 16.82 9.32 9.32 9.23 9.23 9.23 9.23 9.23 9.23 9.23 9.23 9.23 16.65 Total Inflow - - 9.32 9.32 9.32 9.32 9.32 9.32 9.32 9.32 9.32 9.32 9.32 9.32 16.82 9.32 9.32 9.23 9.23 9.23 9.23 9.23 9.23 9.23 9.23 9.23 16.65
O&M Expenses 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 Employee Cost 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Admin Cost 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Interest on Longterm Debt - - 13.30 - - 13.08 - - 13.08 - - 13.08 - - 13.08 - - 12.83 - - 12.58 - - 12.33 - - 12.08 Loan Repayment - - - - - - - - - - - 8.75 - - 8.75 - - 8.75 - - 8.75 - - 8.75 Income Tax 1.94 7.92 8.12 Total Outflow 0.30 0.30 15.54 0.30 0.30 13.38 0.30 0.30 13.38 0.30 0.30 13.38 0.30 0.30 30.05 0.32 0.32 21.90 0.32 0.32 21.65 0.32 0.32 21.39 0.32 0.32 21.14
Working Capital Requirement 0.30 0.30 6.22 (9.02) (9.02) 4.06 (9.02) (9.02) 4.06 (9.02) (9.02) 4.06 (9.02) (9.02) 13.23 (9.00) (9.00) 12.67 (8.91) (8.91) 12.42 (8.91) (8.91) 12.17 (8.91) (8.91) 4.49 Cumulative Working
Capital Requirement 0.30 0.60 6.82 (2.20) (11.22) (7.16) (16.18) (25.20) (21.14) (30.16) (39.19) (35.12) (44.15) (53.17) (39.94) (48.94) (57.94) (45.28) (54.19) (63.10) (50.68) (59.59) (68.50) (56.34) (65.25) (74.16) (69.66)
2012-13 2013-142011-12
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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Table -5: Project Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR)
Project Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR) Rs Mn.
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25 2025-26 2026-27
A - SERVICE
Net Profit after Tax 8.54 42.79 43.91 46.53 49.16 51.79 54.41 57.03 59.65 62.26 43.82 45.57 47.32 49.06 50.80 50.83 Depreciation 5.16 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 20.63 Interest on term Loan 13.30 52.33 49.81 45.78 41.76 37.73 33.71 29.68 25.66 21.63 17.61 13.58 9.56 5.53 1.51 - TOTAL - A 27.00 115.75 114.35 112.95 111.56 110.16 108.75 107.35 105.94 104.53 82.06 79.79 77.52 75.23 72.94 71.46
B - DEBT
Installment on Term Loan - 8.75 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 26.25 - Interest on Term Loan 13.30 52.33 49.81 45.78 41.76 37.73 33.71 29.68 25.66 21.63 17.61 13.58 9.56 5.53 1.51 - TOTAL - B 13.30 61.08 84.81 80.78 76.76 72.73 68.71 64.68 60.66 56.63 52.61 48.58 44.56 40.53 27.76 -
DSCR 2.03 1.90 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.51 1.58 1.66 1.75 1.85 1.56 1.64 1.74 1.86 2.63 -
Min DSCR 1.35
Avg DSCR 1.65
Details