Download - 5. BASF India Ltd..pdf
Singapore
March 12, 2013
Mr. Dileep Patil
Manager, Technical Business Development
Plastic Additives South Asia
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Yellow, Orange Lead Chromates & Molybdate –
“Now It's Time for Sustainable Alternative”
Table of content
Lead chromate: the time to change
Legislation
Impact on the plastic industry
Alternatives
Selection of alternatives
Matching of RAL shades: few examples
Need for lead free non-diarylide pigment
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Lead chromates: the time to change
3
Current situation
Lead chromate pigments
have excellent resistance
combined with attractive
coloristic properties,
making them highly
competitive as regard to
"cost in use”.
Alternatives from BASF
Wide product portfolio:
organic as well as
inorganic pigments
Options that meet the
economic and technical
requirements
Restrictions
Regulations
Public awareness
Envoromental issues
Human health
The desire to recycle
New legislation on lead chromate
The European Commission has included lead chromate pigments in
Annex XIV of REACH regulation as substances with CMR* properties.
Lead chromate pigments will be banned in Europe as from May 21, 2015.
Companies active in Europe will no longer be allowed to produce, sell,
ship or store these products without authorization.
Requirements of authorization include
Chemical Safety Report
Analysis of possible alternatives
Substitution plan if alternatives available
Socio-economic analysis
Authorization could be refused.
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* Carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic. Risks with lead chromate are now considered greater than the benefits
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead(II)_chromate
Lead chromate: hazardous aspect
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Children - more susceptible to the effects of lead
Lead(II) chromate is profoundly toxic, due to
containing both lead and hexavalent
chromium.
Lead(II) chromate is a poison, and can be
fatal if swallowed or inhaled, or absorbed
through the skin.
Lead(II) chromate is a known carcinogen,
developmental toxicant, and reproductive
toxicant.
Impact on the plastic industry
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No segregation of raw materials and
finished goods.
Innovation in sustainable systems will be
accelerated.
New business opportunities .
Enhance companies’ reputation and
image.
Benefits Challenges
No drop-in replacement.
Important to understand how and
where the products are used.
Complex reformulation work.
Authorization to continue (lead
chromate) is likely to be granted only
for a limited period, (if at all).
Can offer expertise
and a broad,
dedicated portfolio of
lead-chromate-free
products to cater for all
types of chemistry.
Committed to support
customers in finding
the best balance
between performance
and color formulation
efficiency.
CICP and BiVa range
of in-organic pigments
help to enhance the
opacity and
performance.
How BASF can help?
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Quinophthalone
Pteridine
Isoin
dolin
one
Isoindoline
Monoazo S
alt
Benzim
idazolo
ne
Dia
rylid
e
Dis
azo C
ondensation
DPP β-Naphtol
Pery
lene
Anthraquinone
BO
NA
(2
B-/
4B
-To
ne
r)
Quinacridone
Dioxazine
Cu-Phthalocyanine
Organic Pigments
Cobalt pigments
Iron oxide
Ox
ide
pig
me
nts
BiVa
Inorganic Pigments
Chemistries yellow color space
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Benzimidazolone Y180, PO 64
Isoindolinone Y110
Greenish Yellow Reddish Yellow
Perf
orm
an
ce s
co
pe
BiVA Y184
Diarylide
PY 13, PY 14, PY 17, PY 83
Quinophthalone
Y138
Isoindolinone Y109
Lead Chromes (PY 34)
Isoindoline Y139
Azo-salts & coupling
PY 168, PY 62, PY 155, PY 183, PY 191…
Pteridine Y215
CICP
Chemistries yellow color space
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Benzimidazolone Y180, PO 64
Isoindolinone Y110
Greenish Yellow Reddish Yellow
Perf
orm
an
ce s
co
pe
BiVA Y184
Diarylide
PY 13, PY 14, PY 17, PY 83
Quinophthalone
Y138
Isoindolinone Y109
Isoindoline Y139
Azo-salts & coupling
PY 168, PY 62, PY 155, PY 183, PY 191…
Pteridine Y215
CICP
Chemistries in orange – red space
10 Orange Scarlet Red Magenta
Quinacridone
PV19 red PR202 PV19 violet
Azo salts, Naphtols PR 276, 277, PO 79
PR122
Anthraquinone
PR177 Perylene
BONA red PR 48, PR 57
Azo-condensation PR 144, 166, 214
PR 104 – Molybdate
DPP
Opaque 254, 255
Lake Red C PR 53
Diaryls PO 36
Perf
orm
an
ce s
co
pe
PO 71 DPP transparent PR 264
CICP
Benzimidazolone
PO 64
Chemistries in orange – red space
11 Orange Scarlet Red Magenta
Quinacridone
PV19 red PR202 PV19 violet
Azo salts, Naphtols PR 276, 277, PO 79
PR122
Anthraquinone
PR177 Perylene
BONA red PR 48, PR 57
Azo-condensation PR 144, 166, 214
DPP
Opaque 254, 255
Lake Red C PR 53
Diaryls PO 36
Perf
orm
an
ce s
co
pe
PO 71 DPP transparent PR 264
CICP
Benzimidazolone
PO 64
Selection of alternatives
Lead chromate pigments usually offer high performance at low cost.
Rather bright shades with high color strength (vs. other inorganic pigments).
Suitable for PVC, polyolefin, styrene and polyamide.
Very good resistance to heat and light exposure.
Fairly low cost per kilo.
BASF provides a broad range of alternatives available.
Based on organic and inorganic pigments.
Covering the whole color space.
Covering all polymers and performance levels.
Coloration costs per kilo vary, depending on chemistry and performance.
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Best balance between performance & color formulation efficiency
Selection of alternatives
- aspects to consider
There is no one-to-one solution available.
No single alternative with similar shade, performance profile and costs.
Selection of alternative is like a new color matching process. It could be useful to
define:
The respective polymers and select alternatives for each single one.
Maximum processing requirements, bearing the possibility of compromise in mind.
The most basic end-use properties.
An acceptable shade that could replace the current shade.
In the color matching process, it is worthwhile considering the following parameters:
Chromacity: achieved by organic pigments.
Opacity: achieved by inorganic pigments or TiO2.
Shading: organic or inorganic pigments that maintain the required performance.
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Realize the need – get to know the alternative
Selection of alternatives
- color positioning – yellows
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Inc
rea
sin
g c
hro
ma
C*
Green shade
K 0990 FP
K 2060
K 2070
K 1210
K 1500
K 1070
K 1420
K 14151)
K 17401)
K 1300
K 1700
K 1841
K 1760
K 1410
K 1310
K 1011 K 2001
Green shade PY34
K 1120 FG Mid shade PY34
Red shade PY34
Red shade Yellow
K 13201) Lead chromate
pigments
Organic
pigments
Inorganic
pigments
1): Diarylide
pigments should not
be processed at
temperatures above
200°C.
See general
recommendations in
ETAD® information
bulletin N° 2.
Color positioning according to 1/3 ISD in PVC.
Selection of alternatives
- color positioning – oranges and reds
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K 2890
K 2960 K 29251)
K 2920
PR 104
K 2430
Yellow shade
Inc
rea
sin
g c
hro
ma
C*
Lead chromate
pigments
Organic
pigments
Inorganic
pigments
Red / blue shade Orange Red
Color positioning according to 1/3 ISD in PVC.
K 3690
K 3840
K 3845
K 3845 LW
K 4060 FP
1): Diarylide
pigments should not
be processed at
temperatures above
200°C.
See general
recommendations in
ETAD® information
bulletin N° 2.
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BASF selection guide is split into:
• Polymer groups: PVC, polyolefin and polyamide.
• Products for dispersion-critical applications.
For PVC and polyolefin.
• Further split by performance level.
Top performance - Applications for longest life outdoors.
PVC: roofing, siding, tarpaulins, decorative films for cars and advertisement light boxes.
PO: crates, shading net.
High performance - Applications for longest life indoors and specific outdoor end products. PVC: higher quality flooring, decorative films for cars and advertisement light boxes.
PO: crates, shading net.
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Mid performance: indoor applications and items exposed to weather for short periods. Pipes (storage time), fairly high quality packaging, standard flooring, furniture films and household machines.
Good enough performance/ cost driven: short lifetime applications. Industrial and non-food packaging, self decorative films and low cost flooring.
Selection of alternatives
- BASF Selection Guide
Chain of requirements
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By substrate
PE
PP
PVC
EP
By drivers & end-user
EH&S
Recycling
requirements
Brand owners lists
Halogen free …
By processing requirements
Injection molding
Heat resistance
Warping
Blow-molding
Extrusion
Roto-molding…
By color effect
Yellow
Orange
Red
Magenta
Violet
Blue, Green
Transparent
Opaque
By OEM end-use
Carpets
Pipes
Yogurt cups
Toys..
Outdoor use
Indoor use…
Only those pigments were selected, which offer within the before mentioned areas the
lowest cost at acceptable performance. To define these products, following color
matching exercises were done:
A) Matching the shade of lead chromates
Standard: 2% lead chromate
Polymer: f-PVC
Thickness: 0.4 mm
Opacity: 1) Similar to the standard
2) Achieving highest transparency
B) Matching different yellow and orange RAL shades
RAL (yellow): 1003, 1007, 1023, 1034
RAL (orange): 2000, 2004, 2010, 2012
Standard: RAL shades based on lead chromates formulation
Polymer: HD-PE
Thickness: 1.25 mm Opacity: Similar to the standard
BASF Selection guide
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Recipes that match shades with consideration of economics & Performance
Internal Use Only
Cost saving by transparency
- BASF selection guide: PVC
Lead chromates pigments are classified as high opaque.
Lead chromates formulations are develop for cost/performance reasons
rather than opacity.
Opacity given by lead chromate is not always a must
Achieving similar opacity with lead free pigments is cost driver
Define highest achievable transparency to reduce costs
e.g. target: 2% Sicomin Yellow K 1922 in f-PVC – Good enough level
Similar opacity Highest transparency
2.00% Paliotol® Yellow K 1420 0.085% Cromophtal® Yellow K 1410
0.15% Paliotol® Yellow K 1760 FP 0.100% Paliotol Yellow K 1841
0.50% TiO2
Cost factor: High Cost factor: Low.
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Create value with optimized cost/performance
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1): Diarylide pigments should not be processed at temperatures above 200°C.
See general recommendations in ETAD® information bulletin N° 2.
2): Low warping solutions are available: Eupolen® PE Y. 20-0501 and Irgazin ® Red K 3840 LW.
Selection of alternatives
- BASF selection guide: Examples (PO)
Performance
level
Selection guide by pigment shade area
Green shade
yellows
Mid shade
yellows
Red shade
yellows
Oranges
and Reds
Top performance
Cromophtal® Y. K 0990 FP
Sicotan® Y. K 1011
Sicopal® Y. K 1120 FG
Cromophtal® Y. K 1310 Sicotan® Y. K 2001
Irgazin® Y. K 20602)
Sicopal® O. K 2430
Irgazin® O. K 2890
Irgazin® Red K 3845 LW
High performance
Sicotan® Y. K 1011
Cromophtal® Y. K 1210
Cromophtal® Y. K 1500
Sicotan® Y. K 2001
Irgazin® Y. L 20602)
Sicopal® O. K 2430
Irgazin® O. K 2890
Irgazin® Red K 38402)
Mid performance
(Processing temp. > 200°C)
Sicotan® Y. K 1011
Paliotol® Y. K 1070
Cromophtal® Y. 2GF
Cromophtal® Y. K 1410
Paliotol® Y. K 1420
Paliotol® Y. K 1700
Paliotol® Y. K 1760
Paliotol® Y. K 1841
Sicotan® Y. K 2001
Sicopal® O. K 2430
Cromophtal® O. K 2960
Irgazin® Red K 38402)
Good enough
performance/
Cost driven
(Processing temp. < 200°C)
Sicotan® Y. K 1011
Paliotol® Y. K 1070
Irgalite® Y. K 13201)
Irgalite® Y. K 14151)
Paliotol® Y. K 1420
Irgalite® Y. K 17401)
Sicotan® Y. K 2001
Sicopal® O. K 2430
Paliotol® O. K 2920
Irgalite® O. K 29251)
Irgalite® Red K 3690
Irgalite® Red K 4060 FP
Oranges
and Reds
Selection of alternatives
- BASF selection guide: Examples (PO)
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Performance
level
Selection guide by RAL shade
RAL 1023
Traffic Yellow
C/R * RAL 1003
Signal Yellow
C/R * RAL 1007
Chrome Yellow
C/R * RAL 1034
Pastel Yellow
C/R *
Long lasting
Outdoor
Sicopal® Y. K 1120 FG
Irgazin® Y. K 20602)
+++ Irgazin® Y. K 20602)
Sicopal® Y. K 1120
++++
+
Irgazin® Y. K 20602)
Sicopal® Y. K 1120 FG
+++++ Cromophtal® Y. K
0990
Irgazin® R. K 3845 LW
+++++
Seasonal
outdoor &
Long lasting
indoor
Sicotan® Y. K 1010
Cromophtal® Y. K 1500
FP
+++ Cromophtal® Y. K
1500
Irgazin® Y. K 20602)
++++ Irgazin® Y. K 20602)
Sicopal® Y. K 1120 FG
+++++ Cromophtal® Y. K
1500 FP
Irgazin® R. K 38402)
+++
Indoor Eupolen® Y. 11-5501
Paliotol® Y. K 1760FP
++ Paliotol® Y. K 1420
Paliotol® Y. K 1841
+ Paliotol® Y. K 1841
++ Paliotol® Y. K 1841
Irgazin® R. K 38402)
+
Indoor /
Diarylide
pigments
Irgalite® Y. K 14151)
Irgalite® Y. K 17401)
- Irgalite® Y. K 14151)
Irgalite® O. K 29251)
- Irgalite® Y. K 17401)
Irgalite® O. K 29251)
- Irgalite® Y. K 1740
Irgalite® O. K 29251)
-
1): Diarylide pigments should not be processed at temperatures above 200°C.
See general recommendations in ETAD® information bulletin N° 2.
2): Low warping solutions are available: Eupolen® PE Y. 20-0501 and Irgazin ® Red K 3840 LW.
• C/R : Cost Ratio.
- Almost similar to formulation based on Lead Chromate
+++++ Very High
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Certain applications, e.g. thin film and
fibers, require excellent dispersion
properties.
Cromophtal® Yellow K 0990 FP
Cromophtal® Yellow K 1210 FP
Cromophtal® Yellow K 1500 FP
Paliotol® Yellow K 1760 FP
Paliotol® Yellow K 1841 FP
Irgazin® Yellow K 2060 FP
Alternatives are available, but be aware of
limitations: • Sicotan® Yellow K 1011
• Sicopal® Yellow K 1160 FG
• Cromophtal® Yellow K 1310
• Paliotol® Yellow K 1700
• Paliotol® Yellow K 1760
• Paliotol® Yellow K 1800
• Sicotan® Yellow K 2001
• Sicopal® Orange K 2430
• Paliogen® Red K 3580
• Cromophtal® Red K 3830
• Paliogen® Red K 3911
Dispersion Critical Applications Polyamide Applications
: Suitable : Potential
Selection of alternatives
- BASF selection guide
Certified quality from BASF
Need for lead free non-diarylide pigment
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Take the initiative and achieve competitive advantage.
Chemistry landscape (in red shade
yellow pigments)
HPP organic: High coloring costs in
relation to high performance
Diarylides: Very strong and most
cost effective pigments to formulate
with after Lead chromes
Inorganic (Pb): Excellent
combination of chroma, opacity and
coloring costs.
Inorganic (CICP): Titanates are
opaque but weak and with low
Chroma.
Megatrends
Ban the use of heavy metal
containing pigments
Continued pressure on use of
diarylide pigments
Plastic value chain willing to adopt
“good enough” solutions
Drivers are repeated increase of
RM costs and potential for
optimizing cost.
Make the world a better place
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