Download - 41 wifi technology
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Wi-Fi Technologies
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Wi-Fi
(Wireless-Fidelity) Technologies
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Wi-Fi Tech. Agenda Introduction Purpose Wi-Fi Alliance The Wi-Fi Technology Elements of a WI-FI Network How a Wi-Fi Network Works Wi-Fi Network Topologies Wi-Fi Configurations Wi-Fi Applications Wi-Fi Security Authentication Advantages & Disadvantages
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Intro.• Wireless Technology is an alternative to Wired
Technology, which is commonly used, for connecting devices in wireless mode.
• Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a generic term that refers to the IEEE 802.11 communications standard for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs).
• Wi-Fi Network connect computers to each other, to the internet and to the wired network.
Wi-Fi works on physical and data link layer.
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PurposeThe purpose of Wi-Fi is to hide complexity
by enabling wireless access to applications and data, media and streams. The main aims of Wi-Fi are the following:
make access to information easier ensure compatibility and co-existence of
devices eliminate cabling and wiring eliminate switches, adapters, plugs, pins
and connectors
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Wi-Fi Alliance The Alliance promotes standards with the aim of
improving the interoperability of wireless local area network products based on the IEEE 802.11 standards. The Wi-Fi Alliance, a consortium of separate and independent companies, agrees on a set of common interoperable products based on the family of IEEE 802.11 standards.The Wi-Fi Alliance certifies products via a set of defined test-procedures to establish interoperability. The Wi-Fi Alliance initially complicated matters by stating that it actually stood for "Wireless Fidelity", as with the advertising slogan"The Standard for Wireless Fidelity", but later removed the phrase from their marketing.
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The Wi-Fi TechnologyWi-Fi Networks use Radio Technologies to
transmit & receive data at high speed:
• IEEE 802.11b• IEEE 802.11a• IEEE 802.11g• IEEE 802.11n
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IEEE 802.11b• Appear in late 1999• Operates at 2.4GHz radio spectrum• 11 Mbps (theoretical speed) - within 30 m
Range• 4-6 Mbps (actual speed)• 100 -150 feet range• Most popular, Least Expensive• Interference from mobile phones and
Bluetooth devices which can reduce the transmission speed.
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IEEE 802.11a• Introduced in 2001• Operates at 5 GHz (less popular) • 54 Mbps (theoretical speed)• 15-20 Mbps (Actual speed)• 50-75 feet range• More expensive• Not compatible with 802.11b
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IEEE 802.11g• Introduced in 2003• Combine the feature of both standards
(a,b)• 100-150 feet range• 54 Mbps Speed• 2.4 GHz radio frequencies• Compatible with ‘b’
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Elements of a WI-FI Network• Access Point (AP) - The AP is a wireless LAN
transceiver or “ base station ” that can connect one or many wireless devices simultaneously to the Internet.
• Wi-Fi cards - They accept the wireless signal and relay information.They can be internal and external.(e.g PCMCIA Card for Laptop and PCI Card for Desktop PC)
• Safeguards - Firewalls and anti-virus software protect networks from uninvited users and keep information secure.
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How a Wi-Fi Network Works• Basic concept is same as Walkie talkies.• A Wi-Fi hotspot is created by installing an access
point to an internet connection.• An access point acts as a base station. • When Wi-Fi enabled device encounters a hotspot
the device can then connect to that network wirelessly.
• A single access point can support up to 30 users and can function within a range of 100 up to 300 feet.
• Many access points can be connected to each other via Ethernet cables to create a single large network.
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Wi-Fi Network Topologies• AP-based topology (Infrastructure Mode)
• Peer-to-peer topology (Ad-hoc Mode)
• Point-to-multipoint bridge topology
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AP-based topology• The client communicate through Access Point. • BSA-RF coverage provided by an AP.• ESA-It consists of 2 or more BSA.• ESA cell includes 10-15% overlap to allow
roaming.
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Peer-to-peer topology
• AP is not required.• Client devices within
a cell can communicate directly
with each other.• It is useful for setting
up of a wireless network quickly and easily.
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Point-to-multipoint bridge topologyThis is used to connect a LAN in one building to a LANs in other buildings even if the buildings are miles apart. These conditions receive a clear line of sight between buildings. The line-of-sight range varies based on the type of wireless bridge and antenna used as well as the environmental conditions.
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Wi-Fi ConfigurationsWi-Fi is composed of three main sectors:
Home (individual residences and apartment buildings)
Public (Round about 70,000 “hotspots” through out the world.)
Enterprise (corporations, universities, office parks)
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Wi-Fi Configurations
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Wi-Fi Configurations
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Wi-Fi Configurations
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Employee Access
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Wi-Fi Applications• Home• Small Businesses or SOHO• Large Corporations & Campuses• Health Care• Wireless ISP (WISP)• Travellers
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Wi-Fi Security The requirements for Wi-Fi network
security can be broken down into two primary components:
• Authentication• Privacy
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Wi-Fi Security Techniques• Service Set Identifier (SSID)
• Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
• 802.1X Access Control
• Wireless Protected Access (WPA)
• IEEE 802.11i
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Authentication
• Authentication Server is used• Username and password • Risk:
• Data (username & password) send before secure channel established
• Solution• Establishing a encrypted channel before
sending username and password
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Advantages• Mobility• Ease of Installation• Flexibility• Cost• Reliability• Security• Use unlicensed part of the radio spectrum• Roaming• Speed
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Limitations OR Disadvantages• Interference• Degradation in performance• High power consumption• Limited range
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