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By: Mohammed Fareed Ur Rahman
Jazan Community College
Saudi Arabia
PROCESSOR
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PROCESSOR
The CPU is the main processor of your PC.
Everything that goes on in your PC at some
point goes through your CPU. In reference to the human body the CPU is
brain of the PC.
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The CPU's speed is a measure of MHz
(megahertz) or more recently GHz (gigahertz).
1 Mhz would be able to complete 1 Millioncycles every second
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A measure called CPI (Cycles Per Instruction)
gives a representation of the average number
of clock cycles required for a microprocessor to
execute an instruction.
A microprocessor s power can thus be
characterized by the number of instructions per
second that it is capable of processing. MIPS
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The first microprocessor (Intel 4004) was
invented in 1971. It was a 4-bit calculation
device with a speed of 108 kHz. Since then,
microprocessor power has grown exponentially.
So what exactly are these little pieces of
silicone that run our computers?
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There are two main desktop CPU
manufacturers, they are
Intel
AMD.
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INTEL VS AMD
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LIST OF INTEL PROCESSORS
80286
80386
80486 Original Pentium 32 bit
Pentium with MMX Technology
Pentium Pro
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Pentium II
Celeron (Pentium II-based)
Pentium III
Pentium II and III Xeon
Pentium M
Celeron M
Intel Core
Dual-Core
Pentium 4 Xeon
Mobile Pentium 4-M
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Pentium D
Intel Core 2
Pentium Dual Core
Celeron - 64 bit Celeron M 64 bit
Intel 32 Intel Atom
Intel 64 Nehalem microarchitecture
Core i3 Core i5
Core i7
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LIST OF AMD PROCESSORS
Am2900 series (1975)
29000 (29K)
Am*86 series K5 architecture K6 architecture
K7 core architecture - Athlon Pluto/Orion
Bulldozer core architecture (future) Bobcat core architecture (future)
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REGISTERS
When the processor executes instructions, data
is temporarily stored in small, local memory
locations of 8, 16, 32 or 64 bits called
registers.
Depending on the type of processor, the overall
number of registers can vary from about ten to
many hundreds.
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THE MAIN REGISTERS ARE:
the accumulator register (ACC), which stores the resultsof arithmetic and logical operations;
the status register (PSW, Processor Status Word), whichholds system status indicators (carry digits, overflow,
etc.); the instruction register (RI), which contains the current
instruction being processed;
the ordinal counter (OCor PCfor Program Counter),which contains the address of the next instruction toprocess;
the buffer register, which temporarily stores data fromthe memory.
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CACHE MEMORY
Cache memory (also called buffer memory) is
local memory that reduces waiting times for
information stored in the RAM (Random Access
Memory).
Level one cache memory (called L1 Cache, for
Level 1 Cache) is directly integrated into the
processor.
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SOCKET TYPES
Slot 1
Socket 7
Socket 370 Socket 939
Socket 1156
Socket 1366 Socket AM2
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SLOT 1
Slot 1 (also Slot1 or SC242) is aSlot-type connector with 242contacts.
This connector was designed for
Pentium II family of processors, andlater used for Celeron
Pentium III was the lastmicroprocessor family that used theSlot 1.
For its next generation of Pentiumprocessors - Pentium 4, Intelcompletely abandoned the Slot1architecture.
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SOCKET 7
Socket 7 was introduced by Intel for it's Pentium 133 - 200MHz processors and for Pentium MMX processor family.
The major feature of the new socket was support for dualplane voltage - the socket could supply different voltages to
processor core and I/O logic. Socket 7 has 321 pin holes arranged as 37 x 37 pin matrix
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SOCKET 370
Socket 370 (also called PGA370) is a PGA
socket designed to work with Intel Celeron and
Pentium III processors in Pin Grid Array (PGA)
package.
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SOCKET 423
Socket 423, also called PGA423, is a Pin Grid
Array (PGA) socket introduced together with
Pentium 4 microprocessor family in November
2000.
The socket supported only Pentium 4 CPUs
with Willamette core and was replaced with
socket 478 just in 9 months after itsintroduction.
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SOCKET 462
Socket 462 (also called Socket A) is a PGA socket
designed for AMD K7 family of processors.
This socket can be used with AMD Athlon and Duron
processors ranging in speed from 600 MHz to 2200MHz (3200+) and with bus frequences ranging from
100 MHz to 200 MHz (400 MHz DDR).
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SOCKET 939
Socket 939 is a PGA socket designed for
desktop K8 microprocessors. The socket is
primarily used with Athlon 64, Athlon 64 X2
and Athlon FX microprocessors.
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SOCKET 1156
Socket 1156, or LGA1156, is a Land Grid Array socket
used by the latest generation of workstation-class Intel
Core i3, Core i5, Core i7 and Xeon microprocessors.
The socket supports dual-channel DDR3 SDRAMmemory controller, on-chip Direct Media Interface
running at 2.5 GT/s, and PCI Express interface.
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SOCKET 1366
Socket 1366, also called LGA1366 or Socket B, is a LandGrid Array (LGA) socket used by the latest generation ofserver-class Intel Core i7 and Xeon microprocessors.
The socket supports triple-channel or six-channel DDR3
SDRAM memory controller and up to two QuickPathInterconnect links with frequencies up to 3.2 GHz.
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SOCKETAM2
Socket AM2 is a socket for high-performance and budgetdesktop microprocessors. The socket was officiallyintroduced on May 23, 2006.
The socket AM2 works with single, dual, triple and quad-core
desktop processors with frequencies up to 3.2 GHz. Thesocket supports dual-channel DDR2 SDRAM memorycontroller and one 1000 MHz HyperTransport link.
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Socket Pin Count CPU Families
Slot 1 / SC242 242 Intel Celeron, Pentium II, Pentium III
Socket 7 321
AMD / / - / -III
yrix x , x L, x MX, MII
I M x , x L, x MX
IDT Wi c i , Wi c i
I t l ti , ti MMX
Ris Tec l gy MP6
ST6x 6
Socket 370 / PGA370 370I tel eleron, Penti III
VIA 3
Socket 4 3 / PGA4 3 4 3 Intel Penti 4
Socket 462 / SocketA 462AMDAthlon, Athlon 4, Athlon MP,
Athlon XP, Athlon XP-M, Duron,
MobileAthlon, MobileDuron, Sempron
Socket 47 / mPGA47 47 Intel eleron, eleronD,
MobilePentium 4, MobilePentium 4-M,
Pentium 4