Download - 340 important non silicates
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Important Non-Silicates
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Hematite-Corundum
• Ilmenite FeTiO3 is similar
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Halite and Galena
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Pyrite
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Diamond
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Diamond
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Sphalerite
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Chalcopyrite
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Halite and Calcite
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Calcite
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Fluorite
• Uraninite UO2 is isostructural
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Goethite
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Goethite
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Goethite
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Lepidocrocite
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Lepidocrocite
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Bauxite and Limonite
Bauxite Minerals Limonite Minerals
Gibbsite Al(OH)3
Boehmite AlO(OH) Lepidocrocite FeO(OH)
Diaspore AlO(OH) Goethite FeO(OH)
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Perovskite
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Perovskite in the Mantle
• Perovskite is CaTiO3
• Enstatite (Mg Pyroxene) = MgSiO3
• Can collapse to perovskite structure at high pressure
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Rutile
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Rutile
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Rutile
• Cassiterite SnO2 is isostructural
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The Spinels
• AB2O4
• A is divalent, B is trivalent
• Oxygens in cubic close-packed structure
• In a close-packed structure, there is one octahedral site for every oxygen and two tetrahedral
• Ideally B occupies half of octahedral sites and A occupies 1/8 of tetrahedral sites
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Normal and Inverse Spinels
• In normal spinels, B (trivalent) occupies octahedral sites and A (divalent) occupies tetrahedral sites
• In inverse spinels, A (divalent) occupies octahedral sites and B (trivalent) occupies tetrahedral sites
• In real spinels there is a lot of crossover
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Important Spinels
• Spinel (normal) MgAl2O4
• Hercynite (normal) FeAl2O4
• Magnetite (inverse) Fe++Fe+++2O4
• Chromite (inverse) FeCr2O4
• Ulvospinel (inverse) Fe2TiO4
• Franklinite (inverse) ZnFe+++ 2O4
• Maghemite (inverse) Fe2O3
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Spinel
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Spinel
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Spinel
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Spinel
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Spinel in the Mantle
• Spinel = AB2O4
• Forsterite (Mg olivine) = Mg2SiO4
• Can collapse to SiMg2O4 at high pressure
• Si in octahedral sites, not tetrahedral!