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2/19/2015 US II
Goal: Assess the impact of governmental efforts to regulate industrial and financial systems in order to provide economic stability.
QOD: What president do you feel made the most difference in American history and why?
Agenda: Progressive Presidents with graphic organizer/Civil Rights Activists
DUE NOW: IRON JAWED ANGELS MOVIE QUESTIONS
TEST: Tuesday February 24 Back to School night
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Progressive Presidents
and their domestic policies
Theodore Roosevelt
Republican
William Taft
Republican
Woodrow Wilson
Democrat
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Theodore Roosevelt• Influential NY family
• Grew up sickly• Changed in teens, and loved outdoors and sports
• Had a ranch in ND Badlands- – Now a National Park
• Graduated from Harvard
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Square Deal(write next to his
name)Saw the presidency as a position where he had power to get things done for the betterment of America and did exactly that.
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26th President•NY political machine nominates him for VP because VP does nothing and as Governor he was reforming
•McKinley is assassinated •Youngest Prez (42)
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Square Deal• Slogan for election– Time for Change (Obama)
1.Limiting the power of trusts (trustbuster/hated monopolies)
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Man of the People (cont.)
1.Promoting public health and safety, (Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food and Drug Act)
This came about because of Upton Sinclair’s book The Jungle
• Improving working conditions (Settle Coal Miners Strike)
• Conservation- (Opened national parks and created reserves for wildlife)
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Theory of Square Deal• Believed that the needs of workers, business, and consumers should be balanced.
• Big business is good as long as they were (equals) fair business practices.
• Give me an example of an unfair business practice!
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Presidency• Bully Pulpit- a powerful platform to
publicize important issues and seek support for his policies. Uses the media frequently to push his agenda
• 1st Impressions– Coal Strike 1902
• Roosevelt threatens federal take over of coal mines if strike didn’t end
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The Jungle Upton Sinclair
• Protecting Consumers– Meat Inspection Act: Required federal inspection if neat shipped across state lines
– Pure Food and Drug Act: forbid the manufacture sale, or transportation of food and patent medicine containing harmful ingredients.
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Created National Parksa conservationist
• John Muir– Convinced Roosevelt to save Yosemite
– Roosevelt creates the world’s first national park in Yellowstone
– Newlands Reclamation Act (1902) •Allowed Gov. to create irrigation systems for dry land making it productive
•Funded by selling federal land
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Environmental Conservatism is Roosevelt's greatest legacy.
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William Taft• Hand picked by Roosevelt but wouldn’t carry Roosevelt’s policies
• 16th Amendment –Power to levy income tax Progressive belief
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• Taft’s Approach to Progressivism split the Republicans – Tried to consolidate reforms– Passed higher tariffs– Will be the biggest trust buster breaking up over 90 monopolies
– Lacked environmental commitment
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Bull Moose Party (1912)(write on back of worksheet)
Unsatisfied with the performance of Taft, Teddy Roosevelt will create a progressive third party for the election of 1912.
Nicknamed Bull Moose Party
Why would he do this?
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Bull Moose Party
• Splits the republican vote and Wilson wins
• Spiteful
• Teddy did not want Taft to win and get re-elected
• Was he successful?
• Woodrow Wilson (Democrat) becomes prez
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Woodrow Wilson• 28th • Won due to split
• Marks the transition from old America into a world leader.
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New Freedom-Banking Reform-Creates the Federal Reserve, controls American money: run by smaller banks that kept their reserve money there. This is Wilson’s legacy
-Tariff reductions: Import taxes make products from overseas more expensive
• Stronger Anti-trust laws
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Underwood Tariff Act • Reduced tariffs to lowest level in 50 yrs
• Set up graduated income tax– More you make- more you pay
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Federal Reserve Act• 1913• Created a centralized banking system where banks can get loans in time of panic
• Controls amount of money in circulation
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Clayton Anti-Trust Act• Prohibited competing companies from buying stock in each other in order to form a monopoly
• Supported worker boycotts, strikes, and picketing legal for the 1st time
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18th Amendment
• Prohibition
• Pressure from women (WCTU) and anti saloon league to ban alcohol
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Women Suffrage• Modeled after Britain's• Gave strong war support
– Proved women were smart and capable
• Campaigned on BOTH national and state levels
• 19th Amendment- 1920
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African Americans gained nothing with any of these presidents
• Gained nothing- lost with Jim Crow
• Wilson previews “Birth of a Nation in the White House”
• Brownsville Incident- – 167 African Americans dishonorable discharged for allegedly shooting up the town
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Review from US I
• Civil War 1861-1865• Reconstruction 1865-1877: many legal
advances for African Americans– 13th amendment– 14th amendment– 15th amendment
African Americans will also be elected into office in the South
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But in 1876
• North pulls its troops out and white-supremacist Democrats take over (below is a campaign poster
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Most African Americans became sharecroppers.
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KKK had support of local officials and terrorized anyone who voted Republican.
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• Lynching became a widespread form of terrorism against African Americans, especially those who gained an economic/ social
foothold.
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This leads to the rise of two civil rights activists with totally
different agendas
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Against this historical context, and the lack of legislation (laws) by the progressive presidents two leaders emerged that will fight for rights of African Americans: Booker T. Washington – passive /gradual acceptance and vocational school (learn a trade)W.E.B. DuBois. Aggressive/immediate acceptanceFounded NAACP- civil rights through law and education
Who do these two men remind you of?
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPQvwxRdq0E
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Readings