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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
U.S. OER PolicyNicole Allen
Director of Open Education, SPARC
OER Policy Workshop (#OERPolicyWorks)
March 18, 2014 Warsaw, Poland
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
SPARC®, the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition, is an international alliance of academic and
research libraries working to create a more open system of scholarly communication.
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
Policy Levels
• Federal• State• Institutional
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
Legislative
(makes laws)
Executive(enforces laws)
Judiciary(interprets laws)
Congress
Bills (Laws)
Resolutions
The President
Regulations
Courts
Case Law
Executive Actions
House Senate Agencies
U.S. Federal Structure
Plans
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
U.S. State Structure (Same)
Legislative
(makes laws)
Executive(enforces laws)
Judiciary(interprets laws)
Legislature
Bills (Laws)
Resolutions
Governor
Regulations
Courts
Case Law
Executive Actions
House Senate Agencies
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
U.S. K-12 Textbooks
• Publishing market $18.3 billion (2011)
• Textbooks are selected and purchased by states or districts
• No federal control over curriculum
• 45 states have adopted the “common core”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_United_Stateshttp://www.aepweb.org/aepweb/?p=3261&option=com_wordpress&Itemid=68
http://www.corestandards.org/
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
Common Core Adoption
http://www.corestandards.org/
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
U.S. Higher Ed Textbooks
• Textbooks & supplies ~$1,200 per student per year
• Textbook market is $8.8 billion per year
• Textbooks selected by individual professors and purchased by individual students
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_United_Stateshttp://www.nces.ed.gov/programs/digest
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
“Broken Economics”
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-13-368
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
“65% of students said that they had decided against
buying a textbook because it was too expensive… 94% were concerned that doing so would hurt their grade.”
-- 2014 report by U.S. PIRG
http://www.studentpirgs.org/reports/sp/fixing-broken-textbook-market
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
U.S. OER Advocacy
• Policy driven by problems in the system
• Wide variety of policies at many different levels
• Most victories spearheaded by small coalitions or individual groups
• OER Advocacy listserv & monthly call
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
Policies Investing in OER
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
Types of OER Policy
1. Invest resources explicitly in the creation or adoption of OER
2. Inject open licensing into systems that create educational resources
3. Endorse or call for OER4. Remove barriers to OER
* This is a working theory, let’s see if it holds true outside the U.S.
*
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
Federal Agency Program (2010)
http://www.doleta.gov/taaccct/
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
http://www.doleta.gov/taaccct/
Federal Agency Program (2010)
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
http://www.doleta.gov/taaccct/
Federal Agency Program (2010)
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
Federal Bill (proposed 2013)
http://www.sparc.arl.org/advocacy/national/act
Affordable College Textbook Act
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
Federal Bill (proposed 2013)
http://www.sparc.arl.org/advocacy/national/act
Affordable College Textbook Act
(3) OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE- The term `open educational resource' means an educational resource that is licensed under an open license and made freely available online to the public.
(4) OPEN LICENSE- The term `open license' means a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, perpetual, irrevocable copyright license granting the public permission to access, reproduce, publicly perform, publicly display, adapt, distribute, and otherwise use the work and adaptations of the work for any purpose, conditioned only on the requirement that attribution be given to authors as designated.
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
State Bill (2012)
Open source textbook bill passes state Legislature
http://www.dailycal.org/2012/09/05/open-source-textbook-bill-passes-state-legislature/
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
State Bill (2012)
http://apps.leg.wa.gov/billinfo/summary.aspx?bill=2337&year=2011
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
Open Licensing Policies
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
Institutional Policy (2013)
http://www.californiacommunitycolleges.cccco.edu/Portals/0/DocDownloads/PressReleases/SEP2013/
PRESS_RELEASE_CreativeCommonsBY_090913_FINAL.pdf
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
Federal OER Licensing Bill?
SPARC supports FASTR, a bill to expand open access to federally funded research. We are working to build interest in a similar policy for educational resources.
http://sparc.arl.org/advocacy/national/fastr
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
Policies Endorsing OER
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
Federal Tech. Plan (2010)
4.3 Support the development and use of open educational resources to promote innovative and creative opportunities for all learners and accelerate the development and adoption of new open technology-based learning tools and courses.
The value of open educational resources is now recognized around the world, leading to the availability of a vast array of learning, teaching, and research resources that learners of any age can use across all content areas. Realizing this value will require new policies concerning the evaluation and selection of instructional materials so that digital resources are considered and processes are established for keeping educational resource content up to date, appropriate, and tagged according to identified content interoperability standards.
http://www.ed.gov/technology/netp-2010/executive-summary
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
Federal Bill (proposed 2013)
Transforming Education through Technology Act
http://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-bill/521
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
State Resolutions (2013)
http://openstates.org/nd/bills/63/HCR3009/documents/NDD00006411/
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
Institutional Policy (2004)
http://faculty.deanza.fhda.edu/PublicDomain/stories/storyReader$7
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
Student Resolution
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
Policies that Remove Barriers
to OER
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
Federal Bill (2008)
http://www.studentpirgs.org/news/congress-moves-cut-textbook-costs-landmark-bill
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
Notable Programs
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
State Program (2012)
http://utahopentextbooks.org/2012/01/25/114/
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
Provincial Program (2012)
http://open.bccampus.ca/
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
Institutional Program (2013)
http://www.tcc.edu/news/press/2013/TextbookFreeDegree.htm
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
Library Program (2011)
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#oerpolicyworks@txtbks @sparc_na
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
U.S. OER PolicyNicole Allen
Director of Open Education, SPARC
OER Policy Workshop (#OERPolicyWorks)
March 18, 2014 Warsaw, Poland