Download - 2010 Env Quiz
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Environmental Quiz
Most recent update January 26, 2010
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The population of the world in 1950 was
2.6 billion. The world population is
currently about:
3.4 billion 6.8 billion
9.3 billion
11.5 billion
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The population of the world in 1950 was
2.6 billion. The world population is
currently about:
3.4 billion 6.8 billion
9.3 billion
11.5 billion
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World Population 1850-2010
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1850
1860
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Year
Billions
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Programs Center, 2010.
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The population of the world is currently
increasing at a rate of about 8,600 peopleper:
month
week
day
hour
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The population of the world is currently
increasing at a rate of about 8,600 peopleper:
month
week
day
hour
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Rate of Population Increase - 2010
Time Unit Population IncreaseYear 75,395,378
Month 6,282,948
Week 1,445,941
Day 206,563
Hour 8,607
Minute 143
Second 2.4
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Division, 2010.
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The estimated world population in the
year 2050 is about:
3.4 billion
6.2 billion
9.3 billion
11.5 billion
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The estimated world population in the
year 2050 is about:
3.4 billion
6.2 billion
9.3 billion
11.5 billion
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World Population 1850-2050
(Medium Projection of Growth Assumed After 2000)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1850
1870
1890
1910
1930
1950
1970
1990
2010
2030
2050
Year
Billions
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Programs Center, 2010.
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The population of the United States
in 1960 was 181 million. The U.S.population is currently about:
187 million
220 million
308 million
459 million
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The population of the United States
in 1960 was 181 million. The U.S.population is currently about:
187 million
220 million
308 million
459 million
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True (T) or False (F):
United States population growth is near
zero, with the population expected to
stabilize by about 2025.
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True (T) or False (F):
United States population growth is near
zero, with the population expected to
stabilize by about 2025.
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Growth of U.S. Population,
1776- 2100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1780
1800
1820
1840
1860
1880
1900
1920
1940
1960
1980
2000
2020
2040
2060
2080
2100
History
Projection
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division (2010)
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True (T) or False (F). Assuming a growth
rate of 5% annually, the population of theUnited States would surpass the current
population of China by 2040.
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True (T) or False (F). Assuming a growth
rate of 5% annually, the population of theUnited States would surpass the current
population of China by 2040.
At a 5% annual growthrate the U.S. population
would quadruple in only
28 years, bringing thenumber of U.S. residents
to over 1.2 billion.
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If the U.S. population were to continue
its current rate of growth for the next
700 years, the population wouldincrease to over 315 billion! (The
current world population is 6.8
billion).
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True (T) or False (F):
The United States is a net exporter of
most raw materials used by industry
today.
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True (T) or False (F):
The United States is a net exporter of
most raw materials used by industry
today.
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Due in part to domestic environmentalconcerns, the U.S. is a net importer of
most categories of raw materials used
to support our economy and lifestyle.
Most metals
Portland and masonry cement
Petroleum (the basis for plastics) Wood and wood products
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Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a
Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2008, and
by Major Foreign SourcesMaterial % Imported Principal Foreign Sources (2004-07)
Niobium 100 Brazil, Canada, Estonia
Manganese 100 S. Africa, Gabon, China, Australia
Graphite 100 China, Mexico, Canada, BrazilStrontium 100 Mexico, Germany
Bauxite/Alumina 100 Jamaica, Guinea, Brazil, Australia
Fluorspar 100 China, Mexico, S. Africa, Mongolia
Yttrium 100 China, Japan, France
Thallium 100 Russia, Netherlands, BelgiumRubidium 100 CanadaAsbestos 100 Canada
Quartz (crystal) 100 China, Japan, Russia
Thorium 100 UK, France
Tantalum 100 Australia, China, Brazil, Japan
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Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a
Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2008, and
by Major Foreign SourcesMaterial % Imported Principal Foreign Sources (2004-07)
Arsenic (trioxide) 100 China, Morocco, Hong Kong, Mexico
Indium 100 China, Japan, Canada, Belgium
Rare earth metals 100 China, France, Japan, RussiaCesium 100 Canada
Vanadium 100 Czech Rep., Swaziland, Canada, S. Korea
Gallium 99 China, Ukraine, Germany, Canada
Gemstones 99 Israel, India, Belgium, S. AfricaBismuth 97 Belgium, Mexico, UK, ChinaDiamond (industrial) 92 Botwsana, S. Africa, Nambia, Ireland
Platinum Group 91 S. Africa, Germany, UK, Canada
Stone (dimension) 89 Italy, Brazil, Turkey, China
Rhenium 87 Chile, Germany, Netherlands
Antimony 86 China, Mexico, Belgium
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Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a
Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2008, and
by Major Foreign Sources
Material % Imported Principal Foreign Sources (2004-07)
Mica (natural) 86 China, India, Belgium, Brazil
Germanium 85 Belgium, Canada, Germany, China
Cobalt 81 Norway, Russia, China, CanadaPotash 81 Canada, Belarus, Russia, Germany
Tin 80 Peru, Bolivia, China, Indonesia
Barium (Barite) 79 China, India
Titanium concentrates 77 S. Africa, Australia, Canada, Ukraine
Iodine 74 Chile, Japan, RussiaZinc 73 Canada, Peru, Mexico, Ireland
Palladium 72 Russia, S. Africa, UK, Belgium
Tungsten 61 China, Germany, Canada, Bolivia
Silver 60 Mexico, Canada, Peru, Chile
Peat 58 Canada
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Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a
Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2008, and
by Major Foreign SourcesMaterial % Imported Principal Foreign Sources (2004-07)
Petroleum 57 Canada, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela,
Nigeria, Mexico
Diamond (indust) 56 China, Ireland, Russia, S. Korea
Silicon 60 China, Russia, Venezuela, CanadaChromium 54 S. Africa, Kazakhstan, Russia, Zimbabwe
Titanium (sponge) 54 Kazakhstan, Japan, Russia
Magnesium Cpds 52 China, Canada, Austria, AustraliaLithium >50 Chile, Argentina
Magnesium Metal 50 Canada, Russia, Israel, ChinaNitrogen (fixed) 48 Trinidad and Tobago, Canada, Russia
Garnet (industrial) 40 Australia, India, China, CanadaVermiculite 35 S. Africa, China
Nickel 33 Canada, Russia, Norway, Australia
Copper 32 Chile, Canada, Peru, Mexico
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Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a
Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2008, and
by Major Foreign SourcesMaterial % Imported Principal Foreign Sources (2004-07)
Lumber (softwood) 29 Canada, Germany, Chile, Brazil, New
Zealand
Sulfur 26 Canada, Mexico, VenezuelaGypsum 27 Canada, Mexico, Spain, Dominican Rep
Perlite 19 GreeceSalt 17 Canada, Chile, The Bahamas, Mexico
Mica (scrap/flake) 16 Canada, China, India, Finland
Cement (Portland/msry) 12 Canada, China, Thailand,S. Korea
Phosphate rock 9 Morocco
Iron and steel 8 Canada, EU, Mexico, BrazilPumice 6 Greece, Italy, Turkey, Mexico
Lime 1 Canada, Mexico
Stone (crushed) 1 Canada, Mexico, The Bahamas
Also significant import dependency for Leather, Natural Rubber, Wool.
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True (T) or False (F):
The raw material that is used in the
greatest quantity in the U.S. today, andwhich accounts for almost one-third (by
weight) of the total raw materials used
annually is steel.
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True (T) or False (F):
The raw material that is used in the
greatest quantity in the U.S. today, andwhich accounts for almost one-third (by
weight) of the total raw materials used
annually is steel.
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Annual U.S. Consumption of
Various Raw Materials, 2007
Million
Metric tons Million m3
Roundwood 210 473
Industrial roundwood* 188 427Cement 115 104
Steel 110 139
Plastics 45.7 40.3
Aluminum 5.3 1.9
Source: Data for wood from USFS (2008); for cement, steel, and aluminum from the U.S.Geological Survey (2008); and for plastics from the American Plastics Council (2008).
* Roundwood is the volume of all wood harvested. Industrial roundwood is
the volume of wood used in making forest products; the difference is firewood.
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In fact, more wood is used in the U.S.
every year than all metals andall
plastics combined!
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True (T) or False (F):
Consumption of mineral resources
globally has increased sharply
over the past 30years.
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True (T) or False (F):
Consumption of mineral resources
globally has increased sharply
over the past 30years.
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True (T) or False (F):
Energy consumption per capita
(per person) in the UnitedStates is twice that of the
European Union.
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True (T) or False (F):
Energy consumption per capita
(per person) in the UnitedStates is twice that of the
European Union.
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Per Capita Energy Consumption in the
U.S. and the E.U. Countries, 2008
Energy Consumption(kilograms of oil equivalent per person)
United States 7885.9
Finland (EU highest) 6555.0
France 4396.8
Germany 4187.0
UK 3894.6
E.U. Average 3773.4
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The number one cause of tropical
deforestation worldwide is: commercial logging.
wildfire.
clearing of lands foragricultural use.
gathering of firewood.
building of roads and cities.
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The number one cause of tropical
deforestation worldwide is: commercial logging.
wildfire.
clearing of lands foragricultural use.
gathering of firewood.
building of roads and cities.Various estimates indicate that 60 to 85% of
tropical deforestation today is due to permanent
and shifting agriculture.
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The area covered by forests in the U.S.
today is approximately ____ of theforested area that existed in 1600.
72 percent
50 percent
33 percent 17 percent
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The area covered by forests in the U.S.
today is approximately ____ of theforested area that existed in 1600.
72 percent
50 percent
33 percent 17 percent
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Forests now cover 72% of the land area in
the U.S. that they did at the time of
European settlement
1600 2007
Forest -1,100millionacres
Forest -751
millionacres
Source: USDA - Forest Service
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True (T) or False (F). The geographic
area that encompasses the United States
today has about the same forest coverageas the same geographic area did in 1907.
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True (T) or False (F). The geographic
area that encompasses the United States
today has about the same forest coverageas the same geographic area did in 1907.
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Forest Area in the United States
1630-2007
1045
759 760 756 761 744 738 747 749 751
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1630 1907 1938 1953 1963 1977 1987 1997 2002 2007
ThousandAcres
Source: USDA-Forest Service, General Technical Report WO-78. (2009).
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True (T) or False (F). Growing trees
capture carbon dioxide from the air and
release oxygen.
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True (T) or False (F). Growing trees
capture carbon dioxide from the air and
release oxygen.
CO2 O2
Carbon
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Which of the following statements most
accurately describes U.S. forests:
Forest harvest exceeds growth by 20 percent.
Forest harvest exceeds growth by 5 percent.
Forest harvest roughly equals growth.
Forest growth exceeds harvest by 29 percent.
Forest growth exceeds harvest by 72 percent.
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Which of the following statements most
accurately describes U.S. forests:
Forest harvest exceeds growth by 20 percent.
Forest harvest exceeds growth by 5 percent.
Forest harvest roughly equals growth.
Forest growth exceeds harvest by 29 percent.
Forest growth exceeds harvest by 72 percent.
N t G th/R l R ti U S
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Net Growth/Removals RatiosU.S.,
1952-2006
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
1952 1962 1976 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006
Hardwoods
Softwoods
All Species
Source: Smith, et al., 2004; USDA-Forest Service, General Technical Report WO-78. (2009).
When net forest growth divided byremovals = 1.0, timber inventories areneither expanding or declining.
Growth/Removals Ratios U S
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Growth/Removals Ratios U.S.,
1952-2006Year Softwoods Hardwoods Total
1952 1.00 1.50 1.17
1962 1.25 1.65 1.55
1970 1.23 2.01 1.48
1976 1.25 2.25 1.54
1986 1.19 1.92 1.42
1991 1.15 1.75 1.33
1996 1.33 1.71 1.47
2001 1.33 1.71 1.47
2006 1.55 2.03 1.72
Source: Smith, et al., 2004; USDA-Forest Service, General Technical Report WO-78. (2009).
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True (T) or False (F):
As originally established, it was never
intended that the National Forests of the
U.S. would be periodically harvested to
obtain timber that would be used in
meeting the nations need for wood.
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True (T) or False (F):
As originally established, it was never
intended that the National Forests of the
U.S. would be periodically harvested to
obtain timber that would be used in
meeting the nations need for wood.
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True (T) or False (F). At current rates ofdeforestation, forty (40) percent of current
forests in the U.S. will be lost by the
middle of this century.
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True (T) or False (F). At current rates ofdeforestation, forty (40) percent of current
forests in the U.S. will be lost by the
middle of this century.
In fact, the area
covered by forests inthe U.S. is increasing.
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True (T) or False (F):
In the U.S. and globally, more species of
plants and animals have been driven to
extinction by logging activity than anyother activity of mankind.
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True (T) or False (F):
In the U.S. and globally, more species of
plants and animals have been driven to
extinction by logging activity than anyother activity of mankind.
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There is no evidence that even one
plant or animal species has beendriven to extinction as a result of
logging activity in the United States.
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True (T) or False (F). Under current
United States law, forest harvesting isallowed in federally designated wilderness
areas.
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True (T) or False (F). Under current
United States law, forest harvesting isallowed in federally designated wilderness
areas.
No harvesting is
allowed in wilderness
areas
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True (T) or False (F). Populations of
elk, pronghorn antelope, and wild turkey
have declined significantly in the U.S.
over the past 60 years.
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True (T) or False (F). Populations of
elk, pronghorn antelope, and wild turkey
have declined significantly in the U.S.
over the past 60 years.
In fact, populations of each of
these species within the U.S.
have increased by at least 800
to 1,000 percent over the past
50 years.
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Trends in U.S. Elk Populations
1930-1990
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
19 30 1 940 195 0 19 60 1970 19 80 1990
(Thousands)
Year Source: MacCleery, 1992
Trends in U.S. Wild Turkey Populations
1900-1990
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
190 0 1910 19 20 193 0 1 940 19 50 1960 19 70 198 0 1 990
Year Source: MacCleery, 1992
Millions
Trends in U.S. Pronghorn Populations
1910-1990
0
10 0
20 0
30 0
40 0
50 0
60 0
1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
(Thousand
s)
Year Source: MacCleery, 1992
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True (T) or False (F):
Considering the total annual harvest
of forests in the United States and
the total consumption of wood and
fiber products within our country,
the U.S. is a net importer of woodand wood products.
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True (T) or False (F):
Considering the total annual harvest
of forests in the United States and
the total consumption of wood and
fiber products within our country,
the U.S. is a net importer of woodand wood products.
Th U it d St t i N t I t
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The United States is a Net Importer
of Wood and Wood Products
Net U.S. imports of
wood and wood
products amountedto 15-20 percent of
total wood
consumption and
29 percent ofconstruction
lumber consumed
in 2008.
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When waste paper exports areincluded in the net import
calculation, the U.S. net import
figure for wood and wood
products drops to 2-3 percent.
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As a percentage of all the paper used in
the United States in 2008 _____ wasrecovered for reuse.
14 percent
36 percent
57 percent
92 percent
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As a percentage of all the paper used in
the United States in 2008 _____ wasrecovered for reuse.
14 percent
36 percent
57 percent
92 percent
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Recovered paper provided _____ of theU.S. paper industrys fiber in 2008.
12 percent
34 percent
51 percent
86 percent
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Recovered paper provided _____ of theU.S. paper industrys fiber in 2008.
12 percent
34 percent
51 percent
86 percent
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True (T) or False (F). More extensive
recycling of paper could reduce harvesting
of forests in the U.S. by 60 percent or
more.
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True (T) or False (F). More extensive
recycling of paper could reduce harvesting
of forests in the U.S. by 60 percent or
more.
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Were paper recycling in the U.S. to go
to the limit of technology worldwidethe domestic timber harvest could be
reduced by about 12-13%.
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True (T) or False (F). The manufacture
of wood construction materials generallyresults in far lower environmental impacts
than when similar construction materials
are manufactured from steel, aluminum,plastic, or concrete.
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True (T) or False (F). The manufacture
of wood construction materials generallyresults in far lower environmental impacts
than when similar construction materials
are manufactured from steel, aluminum,plastic, or concrete.
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At a time when Society is seeking to more
effectively harness solar energy, it turns outthat one of our major raw materialswood
is totally produced using solar energy.
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And, very little additional energy is required
to convert wood into useful products.
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The manufacture and use of all
construction materials results inenvironmental impacts. The
impacts, however, differ
considerably.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://socioeconomic.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/strip_coal_mining3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://socioeconomic.wordpress.com/2009/02/04/syllabus-on-mining-issues-with-broad-implications/&usg=__D2LjJPIbT9kRCQEfwv0fO2i_KbA=&h=512&w=768&sz=238&hl=en&start=3&itbs=1&tbnid=8ebKdZTMDf2joM:&tbnh=95&tbnw=142&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmining%2Bpictures%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.consumerenergyreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/oil_drilling1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.consumerenergyreport.com/2009/09/03/oil-slides-just-below-68/&usg=__BtH9qyorOOUSJsTCHatd3Cnimxc=&h=611&w=840&sz=90&hl=en&start=95&itbs=1&tbnid=9UNcMZCqVOZsPM:&tbnh=105&tbnw=145&prev=/images%3Fq%3Doil%2Bdrilling%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D90 -
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If, for example, an interior
wall of a house is constructed
using steel rather than wood
studs, the result is a largeincrease in energy
consumption and emissions toair and water.
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Interior Non-Load Bearing Wall,
Wood vs. Steel
Comparative Energy Use (GJ)
Wood Steel* Difference3.8 11.5 3.0X
* 30% recycled content.
Source: Athena Sustainable Materials Institute, 1993.
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Comparative Emissions in Manufacturing
Wood vs. Steel-Framed Interior Wall
Emission/Effluent Wood Wall Steel Wall Difference
CO2 (kg) ,305 965 3.2X
CO (g) 2,450 11,800 4.8X
SOX (g) 400 3,700 9.3X
NOX (g) 1,150 1,800 1.6X
Particulates (g) 100 335 3.4X
VOCs (g) 390 1,800 4.6X
Methane (g) , 4 , 45 11.1X
Source: Athena Sustainable Materials Institute, 1993.
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Comparative Effluents in Manufacturing
Wood vs. Steel-Framed Interior Wall
Emission/Effluent Wood Wall Steel Wall Difference
Suspended solids (g) 12,180 495,640 41X
Non-ferrous metals (mg) 62 2,532 41X
Cyanide (mg) 99 4,051 41X
Phenols (mg) 17,715 725,994 41X
Ammonia (mg) 1,310 53,665 41X
Halogenated
organics (mg) 507 20,758 41X
Oil and grease (mg) 1,421 58,222 41X
Sulphides (mg) 13 507 39X