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2 Parts to All Solutions
• Solvent – The part of the mixture present in the greatest amount (part doing the dissolving).
• Solute – The part or parts of the mixture present in the lesser amount (part being dissolved).
water-solventsugar-solute
greatest amount
water-solvent
lesser amount
sugar-solute
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the amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure
What is solubility?
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What is dissolving?
Dissolving happens when the solvent, usually water molecules, collide with the solute and pull it apart piece by
piece.
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• saturated – a solution is holding the maximum amount of solute possible, and more solute added would collect at the bottom.• unsaturated – more solute can be added and will still dissolve.• super saturated – more solute than should be possible at that temperature and pressure is dissolved (Ex: ‘Sweet’ tea)
3 types of solutions (based on the amount of
solute)
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How can we change the amount that will dissolve?
The solubility of a substance (the amount that will dissolve) depends on three factors:
1. Temperature2. Pressure3. Type of substance
To increase the amount of solid that will dissolve in a liquid you would need to
- Increase the temperature- Decrease the pressure
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Can we make something dissolve faster?
Stirring/shaking: brings more fresh solvent in contact with more solute.
Crushing/grinding: increases the surface area.
Increasing the temperature: speeds up the movement of the solvent particles creating more collisions with the solute.
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Can we make something dissolve faster?
Stirring/shaking: brings more fresh solvent in contact with more solute.
Crushing/grinding: increases the surface area.
Increasing the temperature: speeds up the movement of the solvent particles creating more collisions with the solute.
water-solventsugar-solute
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In the real world!
When making tea (even iced tea) you have to steep the tea bag in boiling hot water.
Timed release capsules control how fast medicine dissolves.
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Can a gas dissolve in a liquid?
Gas solutes are all around you!
– CO2 in coke
– Dissolved O2 in lakes, rivers, oceans
Fish have gills which absorb oxygen from the water…humans obviously do not!
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The solubility of a gas also depends on temperature and pressure.
– As temperature decreases, more gas will dissolve.
– As pressure increases, more gas will dissolve.
How can a gas dissolve in a liquid?