Download - 1st year lecture 3 social class october 2016
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What is social class?
A group of people within a society possessing the same economic
status, often determined by occupation, education, income,
manners, etc.
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“Class Ridden Society”
•British concerned with social differences
•Class consciousness frames British mentality
•Class identification criteria
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The British Social Class System
The British society has often been considered to be divided into three main groups of classes:
the Upper Class
Often people with inherited wealth. Includes some of the oldest families, with many of them being titled aristocrats.
the Middle Class
The majority of the population of Britain. They include industrialists, professionals, business people and shop owners.
Lower or Working Class
People who are agricultural, mine and factory workers.
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Origins of Class Differences
• Industrial Revolution - Urban working class
• Shared experience of struggle/class unity
• 18th Century’s Middle class : tenant farmers and professional body of lawyers, doctors…
• Associated with the ownership of industry
• Bought their way to the aristocracy
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The Under Class
• Difficulties , extreme poverty
• Intellectually and morally poor
• Unemployed single mothers, idle young people of inner city areas
• No improvement of the self, Self-destructive
• Threat to themselves and to society
• « Useless class » living on social benefits
• Cutting government help
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The Working Class« Lower class , masses, prole »
• Large proportion of British
population
• Unskilled workers and low-ranking office workers train and bus conductors…
• Distinctive signs of class belonging : Local regional or broad accent (opposed to RP) Dress and hair styles
• Hostility towards classes above / Opposed to social mobility
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The Middle Class
• The bulk of British society
• Thatcher, daughter of a grocer, personifies traditional virtues of middle class
• White collar office workers, company executives, journalists, teachers, academics,etc.
• Common lifestyle
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The Upper Class
• Represents the Establishment
• Made up of the upper middle
class, the aristocracy and the
peers
• Old money, land
ownership , Eton,
Oxbridge, club ties ,
hunting, etc
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Social mobility
• The ability of individuals or groups to move upward or downward in status
• Factors can be wealth, occupation, education, or some other socialcriteria.
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Social mobility in the UK
• Britain has the lowest social mobility in the developed world.
• Earnings in UK reflect the parents’.
• Social mobility hasn't changed since the 1970s
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What Factors Affect Social Mobility?
• Parents
• Education
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Parents make the difference
• in UK the influence of parents is as important as the quality of education
• A strong link between lack of social mobility and inequality
• For the poorest fifth in society, 46% have mothers with no qualifications at all.
• For the richest, only 3% have mothers with no qualifications.
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And Education
• Education is an engine of social mobility.
• But achievement is not balanced fairly
• intergenerational transmission of income occurs through education
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Now time for the…