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Reduced Lignin Alfalfa with Grasses
J.H. Cherney and D.J.R. Cherney, Cornell University
1st Production year
Hi-Gest 360 alfalfa + grasses
Seeding year
HarvXtra alfalfa + grasses
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Alforex Hi-Gest360 reduced-lignin
Pioneer 55H94 highest yielding
in Cornell trials.
2016 Production year data:
Oneida & Wyoming Counties
5 cuts in 2016
Adequate moisture vs. Drought
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10 Grasses sown with Alfalfa
Tall Fescue
Bariane late maturing
Kora very high yielding
Meadow Fescue
Pradus late maturing
Liherold early maturing, high yield
BAR FpF32 high quality
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10 Grasses sown with Alfalfa
Orchardgrass
Barlegro late maturing
Command late maturing
Dividend VL very late maturing
DflF47 sparse-heading type
Festulolium
Perseus ryegrass x meadow fescue
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Bariane Kora BarFpF32Liherold Pradus Command DflF47 Dividend Barlegro Perseus
Tons/a
cre
, 5 c
uts
4
5
6
7
8
9
4
5
6
7
8
9
Tall fescue Meadow fescue Orchardgrass Festulolium
Oneida = 1.7 + 2.1 + 1.7 + 1.8 + 0.9 = 7.5 tons/aWNY = 1.9 + 2.0 + 0.3 + 0.6 + 0.5 = 5.3 tons/a
5 Harvests: May 24, June 30, July 30, Sept. 3, Oct. 102016 DM Yield
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Grass%, weighted average of 5 cuts
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Tota
l Y
ield
, to
ns/a
cre
6.4
6.8
7.2
7.6
8.0
8.4
6.4
6.8
7.2
7.6
8.0
8.4
Tall Fescue
Meadow Fescue
Orchardgrass
Festulolium
For 10% unit increase in grass,Yield increases 0.4 ton.
Yield is correlated with grass%, under normal growth conditionsOneida County, 5 cuts, 2016
r = 0.84
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Visual Estimation of Grass%
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Alfalfa-Grass Estimation
Actual
0 20 40 60 80 100
Pre
dic
ted
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
20
40
60
80
100
R2 = 0.9914
NIRS Grass% - DairyOne
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Estimating stand composition
of mixtures pre-harvest.
Take photo of mixed stand.
Analyze photo with AI software.
Estimate alfalfa %.
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Bariane Kora BarFpF32Liherold Pradus Command DflF47 Dividend Barlegro Perseus
Gra
ss, %
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Tall fescue Meadow fescue Orchardgrass Festulolium
Wyoming CountyCut 1 (black), Cut 2 (red), Cut 3 (green), Cut 4 (yellow)Cut 5 (blue)
17%
29%
11%
14%19%
27% 26%
31%
38%
29%
Severe drought(% are weighed averages) Grass %
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Bariane Kora BarFpF32Liherold Pradus Command DflF47 Dividend Barlegro Perseus
Gra
ss, %
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Tall fescue Meadow fescue Orchardgrass Festulolium
Oneida County, 2016Cut 1 (black), Cut 2 (red), Cut 3 (green), Cut 4 (yellow), Cut 5 (blue)
29%
45%
17%
27%33%
40%
44%
50% 49%
42%
Somewhat dry(% are weighed averages) Grass %
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Cut 1 Cut 2 Cut 3 Cut 4 Cut 5
ND
FD
, %
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90MF
Fest.
TF
OG
Wyoming, 2016
May23
Jun29
Aug2Sep1
Oct11
Grass Fiber Digestibility (NDFD)
Festulolium regrowth headed out
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Cut 1 Cut 2 Cut 3 Cut 4 Cut 5
ND
FD
, %
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
MF
Fest.
TF
OG
Oneida, 2016Grass Fiber Digestibility (NDFD)
Harvested 1 week lateMay25
July5
July28
Sep7
Oct7
HiGest360 5% higher in NDFD and 5% lower in Lignin (Oneida)7% higher in NDFD and 7% lower in Lignin (Wyoming)
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Grass, %
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
To
tal N
DF
D%
30
40
50
60
70
80
30
40
50
60
70
80
1
2
3
4
5
30% grass will give you 7-8% units higher NDFD
5 Cuts Regression lines for all data in each cut
2016 Oneida County, Cuts 1-5, Total NDFD of mixtures
2.2%units increase in NDFD per 10% units grass
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1%unit NDFD = 0.5 lb milk/cow/day
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0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10010Grass % in mixed stand
Impact of Variety selection on Fiber Digestibility of Mixtures(If 1% unit NDFD in a mixture is significant)
Alfalfa 50% NDFD, Grass 75% NDFD
Alfalfa selection important
Grass selection important
As low as 5% (any) grass will increase NDFD of an alfalfa-grass mixture 1% unit.
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Lewis County, 2016 seeding
Entries - Alfalfa
HarvXtra Reduced lignin
Hi-Gest 360
LegenDairy XHD
Pioneer 55H94
Entries - Grass
Bariane TF
Fojtan festulolium (TF x ryegrass)
BAR FpF32 MF
Dividend VL OG
DgLf47 OG 2 Cuts but pitiful 1st cut
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Entry
HarvXtra LegenDairy Hi-Gest P55H94
ND
FD
, %
42
45
48
51
3.0
4.0
5.0
Lign
in, %
Alfalfa, Lewis Co., Cut 2HarvXtra lower lignin than rest, similar in NDFD to Hi-Gest
6.0
50
46
48
45
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Entry
BARFpF32 Bariane Fojtan Dividend DgLF47
ND
FD
, %
60
65
70
75
80
60
65
70
75
80Grass, Lewis Co., Cut 2
MF higher NDFD than rest.
76
7273
6867
Grass% in stand, end of seeding year20% 15% 8% 30% 33%
MF TF Festul. OG OG
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Ithaca, 2016 seeding (USDA)
Alfalfa Entries
Hx2017 2017 ‘HarvXtra’
WL355RR (High quality check)
Grass Entries
BARFpF32 MF
Fojtan Festulolium
Dividend OG
Same study seeded in KY & MN
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WL 355RR Border row HarvXtra
Double seeded
White flags in the middle of both 6’ wide plots.
HarvXtra 2017WL355RR
2016 seeding
Interaction of cultivar and drought
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HarvXtra Air Seeding, northern NY, Spring, 2016
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Fall 2016
Alfalfa cultivars looked similar,
WL yielded 10% more than Hx.
Spring seeding
Ithaca, 2016
Severe drought
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Sulc et al. 2016
WL355RR yielded about 10% higher than HarvXtra
Pure Alfalfa stands
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Ithaca, 2016 seeding, USDA
Alfalfa Entries, NDFD
NDFD
Cut 2
Hx2017 52.7 7.5% higher
WL355RR 49.3
Lignin
Hx2017 4.61 16% lower
WL355RR 5.53
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Ithaca, 2016 seeding, USDA
Grass Entries, NDFD (no Cut 1 grass)
NDFD
Cut 2 Grass%
BARFpF32 MF 76.5 9% MF
Fojtan Fest. 74.6 2% Fest.
Dividend VL OG 70.6 19% OG
MF 8% higher NDFD than OG
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Days of Regrowth, Cut 2
18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38
ND
FD
, %
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
10 days
HarvXtra
WL355RR
HarvXtra vs. WL355RR, 6 states, Cut 2 of seeding year, 2015
Ithaca, seeding year, 2016
7 days
NDFD drops 0.5%unit/day
Sulc et al. 2016
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Sulc et al. 2016 Pure Alfalfa stands
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Grass% in a mixture
0 10 20 30 40 50
Da
ys t
ha
t H
x h
arv
est
ca
n b
e d
ela
ye
d
3
4
5
6
7
8
3
4
5
6
7
8
Based on Hx 50% vs. Normal 45% NDFD at Day 0 (the day Normal gets cut)
Alfalfa 0.65%units/dayGrass 1.0%units/day
Grass 75% NDFD
How long can you delay HarvXtra harvest in alfalfa-grass mixtures?
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HarvXtra & Hi-Gest vs. Check
12+ separate harvests
7-state average Lignin NDFD
HX vs. Pioneer 14%i 7.5%h
3-state average
HG vs. Pioneer 5.5%i 5.6%h
2-state average (FGI)
HX vs. Pioneer 22%i 16%h
HG vs. Pioneer 4.8%i 5.5%h
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Conclusions
Festulolium & orchardgrass OK for beef.
5% (any) grass significantly increases mixture NDFD.
30% Meadow fescue/HQ Alfalfa:1/3 to 2/3 more tons/acre
8-11%units higher NDFD in mixture
Optimum grass%: Seeding Yr 5-15%1st production yr 20-30%.
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THE END