Download - 18.1: The Movement Begins
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18.1: The Movement Begins
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A. Origins of the Movement Challenging Segregation in Court
1. NAACPa. Goal: To fight and end
segregation through the Supreme Court; public education was the focus
b. Lead Attorney: Thurgood Marshall
c. First AA Supreme Court Justice; retired 1991; died 1993
2. Rosa Parks defended by E.D. Nixon;
boycott led by MLK
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3. Plessy v. Ferguson; 1896a. Allowed for “separate but equal”
b. Jim Crow lawsi. Legally able to separate people based on race
ii. Facilities still had to be available for AA
iii. Compare/contrast conditions?
4. de facto segregation/de jure segregation
5. The African American vote?
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6. The Push for Desegregation
a. CORE: Congress of Racial Equality
i. Sit-ins: protesters sat at segregated lunch counters until they were served
ii. Picket lines
b. Television caught “the ugly face of racism”
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7. Brown v. B.O.E. (5/1954)
a. Four case re: segregation in education
b. Linda Brown c. Supreme Court ruled
segregation was unconstitutionali. Overturned “separate
but equal” doctrine
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Fallout to Brown v B.O.E. Decision; “separate is not equal”
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8. Reaction to the Brown Decision
Resistance to School Integration
a. KKK reappears
b. Whites boycotted businesses that supported desegregation
c. States take time desegregating
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B. The Civil Rights Movement Begins
Tonight's homework: pgs. 626-629
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Rosa Parks & theMontgomery, Alabama Bus
Boycott
Taking a stand
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1. The Montgomery Bus Boycott
a. Rosa Parks not willing to give up her seat for a white man
b. She’s arrested
c. Dr. Martin Luther King asked to lead the boycott
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2. Walking for Justicea. Emphasis on peaceful
boycott
b. Changing the world with “soul force;” MLK’s influenced by:
a. Jesus, Thoreau, Philip Randolph, Gandhi
c. Boycott lasted > one year
d. Long term effects to bus company?
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3. Grassroots campaigning to help the movement
a. Churches helped with support, meetings, and volunteers
b. Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) 1957
i. Goal – nonviolent protests against second- class citizens status; voter registration
ii. Lead by MLK
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C. Eisenhower Responds1. Disagreed that the
law should interfere with segregation issues
2. Racism will gradually end on it’s own
3. Understood he had to abide by the courts ruling
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4. Crisis in Little Rocka. Governor Faubus refused the
“Little Rock Nine” to enter school; used segregation/white supremacy as election platform
b. Orders Ark Nat’l Guard to stop students from entering
c. Eisenhower placed Guard under federal control; students allowed in
d. Not protected within the school?
e. Televised…f. The following year, before
start of the school year, Faubus closed the three HS is Little Rock
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5. New Civil Rights Legislation
Civil Rights Act of 1957 created the Civil rights division w/in the Dept of Justice; Authority to take anyone to court who interferes w/voting process
United States Commission on Civil Rights – investigate allegations of denial of voting rights