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16 March 2004 1
PXL-500 Installation
Site Preparation
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Purpose of Site Preparation
• Quick and efficient site setup– Ensure the site has all
necessary facilities– Ensure the site has all
necessary materials– Plan for placement of
equipment into maintainable locations
– Ensure proper site cabling
– Provide safety and equipment protection
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We’ll be Covering . . .
• Earth Ground– EMI– Transients
• Utility Requirements– Power Outlets– Analog Phone Lines
• Controller Mounting– Central versus
Distributed– Master Controller
• Reader Mounting– Enrollment Reader
• Cabling
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16 March 2004 4
Earth Ground
• Required by building codes for safety
• Provides the best controller operating conditions– A poor earth ground
degrades system performance
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Earth Ground versus EMI
• Reduces susceptibility to Electromagnetic Interference (EMI):– Brings all electrically
neutral lines to the earth’s surface potential (zero potential)
– Provides a return path to ground for electrical interference
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16 March 2004 6
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
• EMI is radiated electromagnetic energy from one electrical device that may affect the operation of other electrical devices
• Data lines are particularly susceptible
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16 March 2004 7
Common EMI Sources
• Power Supplies– Use only commercially
built, regulated power supplies
• Computers/Monitors– Placing a computer
monitor near a proximity reader can drastically affect the reader’s read range
• Power Lines– Power lines radiate EMI
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Common EMI Sources
• Electric motors• Power transformers• Air conditioning and
heating units• Cable routing
– Separating controller power lines from data lines provides an extra level of EMI protection
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16 March 2004 9
Earth Ground versus Transients
• Reduces susceptibility to power line transients (quick, brief surges in power):– Helps protect the
controller from electrical transients such as power surges and lightning strikes
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Transients
• Electrical surges or spikes conducted through power, input, or output lines that can easily damage electrical components
• Commonly generated when electric devices are turned on or off– Door locks– Motors– Floodlights
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Suppression Using Transorbs
• Protects against quick surges• Acts like a bi-polar diode, passes voltage up
to a certain point and then clamps off, preventing higher voltages from passing through
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16 March 2004 12
Suppression Using MOVs
• Metal-Oxide Varistor• Protects relay contacts• Acts like a capacitor, absorbs the initial surge
and releases it slowly into the system
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Suppression Using Isolation Relays
• Protects against major surges by separating the path with transients from the path connected to the controller
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An Earth Ground Increases Safety
• A poor earth ground is a safety issue, introducing the possibility of electric shock
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Earth Ground Sources
• Possible earth ground sources:– copper shrouded ground
rod– metal, cold water pipe– steel building framing (if
framing is embedded into the earth)
– electrical system ground (at the breaker/fuse box)
– telephone system ground
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16 March 2004 16
Utility Requirements
• Power Outlets
• Analog Phone Lines
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16 March 2004 17
Utility Requirements
• Power Outlets– Must have one for each power supply supporting
controllers, electric door locks, and all other accessories
– Must be easily accessible– Must be grounded
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16 March 2004 18
Utility Requirements
• Analog Phone Lines– Two are needed if communication between access control
network and host computer is done via modems
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Controller Mounting
• Review site requirements to determine where controllers should be mounted– Costs (installation and maintenance)
versus controller security
• There are two types of controller mounting to consider– Central Mounting– Distributed Mounting
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Central Controller Mounting
• All controllers mounted in one location (i.e. a facilities closet, telco room, server room)
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Central Controller Mounting
• PROs– Easier controller maintenance– Can provide greater security– Shorter cable runs for the controller network
and for unit power– Units can share a larger power supply
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Central Controller Mounting
• CONs– Longer cable runs to support readers, inputs,
outputs, door lock, etc.– May use much more cable than Distributed
Mounting
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Distributed Controller Mounting
• Places a controller by each door
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Distributed Controller Mounting
• PROs– Controller/door proximity– Easier to troubleshoot– Shorter cable runs to support readers, inputs,
outputs, door lock, etc.– May use less cable than Central Mounting
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16 March 2004 25
Distributed Controller Mounting
• CONs– Longer cable run for the controller network– Needs individual power supplies for each
controller– Harder to maintain controllers– Harder to secure controllers
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Master Controller Location
• Consider locating the master controller in a more easily accessible place:
• Advantages– easier to perform diagnostics (particularly if an
LCD-1 is installed on the controller)– easier PC to network access– enrollment reader access for presentation
enrollment and for lost card identification
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Controller Mounting
• Mount controllers in environmentally suitable locations– For indoor controller installations - mount
enclosures on any type of solid wall surface– For outdoor controller installations - controllers
must be in water tight, weatherproof enclosures
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Controller Mounting
• Easiest way to mark drilling holes for the enclosure is to have an associate hold the enclosure in place and mark the drilling holes with a pencil
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Controller Mounting
• Individual controller panel PCBs can be mounted the same way, but mounting must be done using standoffs to provide PCB/wall clearance
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Controller Mounting
• Note the cable routes to the controller and remove the enclosure knockouts that best accommodate the cable routes
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Enrollment Reader
• The “A” reader on the Master Controller– Used for presentation
enrollment– Not needed if all cards
are block enrolled
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Enrollment Reader
• Place the reader near the host computer for ease of presentation enrollment– But not too close because EMI from the computer will affect
the reader
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Enrollment Reader
• Can also be used for access control if desired, but:– Proximity to host computer may be an issue;
starting the enrollment process, then running to the reader to complete the enrollment
– Access requests are ignored during presentation enrollment which may confuse users
• The Show Face and ID Card functions also use the Enrollment Reader
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Reader Mounting
• Users need clear access to readers– It should not be mounted in a way that affects
traffic paths
• Be aware of Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requirements that can affect where you place the reader
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Cabling
• You must use proper cabling for best operating conditions– Shielded to minimize EMI– Proper gauge to
minimize voltage drop over long run lengths
– Routed in a way that allows for maintenance
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Cable Requirements
• RS-232 - Controller to Host Computer– Three conductor, shielded, stranded, AWG 24
(or larger gauge)– 50 feet maximum length (per RS-232 specification)
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Cable Requirements
• RS-485 – Controller to Controller Network– Two conductor, shielded, stranded, twisted pair, AWG 24 (or
larger gauge)– 16,000 feet maximum network length when installed using
Keri networking guidelines
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Cable Requirements
• Power– Two conductor, stranded,
AWG 18 (or larger gauge)
– 200 feet maximum length• Watch for a drop in
voltage over long power runs due to resistance in the cable length
• The controller must have 12 VDC at the controller for proper operation
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Cable Requirements
• Earth Ground– Single conductor, AWG
18 (or larger gauge)
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Cable Requirements
• Inputs and Outputs– Two conductor, stranded,
AWG 22 (or larger gauge)
– The lock output relay may require a heavier gauge of wire depending upon the current demands of the lock and the length of the wiring run
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When Routing Cable
• DO– Route cables in accessible areas for easy
maintenance– Use transient suppression across electric devices
attached to the PXL-500 or SB-593 output relays (at the device itself)
– Use an isolation relay if connecting to a parking gate, turnstile, elevator car, or any application using a large electric motor (at the device itself)
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When Routing Cable
• DO NOT– Route cables near EMI sources
• Cables can act as antennas, receiving EMI that affects controller operation
• EMI sources include power lines (including air conditioning or heating lines), door lock and power supply lines, network data lines
– Stretch cables– Route cables over sharp edges or hot objects