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The Age of Exploration
1418-1620
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Motives for Exploration
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Only one religion in Europe: Christianity
(Catholicism) European leaders were very religious and
believed it to be their duty to spread Christianity to others
Explorers read aloud (in Spanish) “The Requirement”. It offered native people the opportunity to convert to Christianity or suffer the consequences.
Spread Christianity
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A policy of extending a country's power and
influence through diplomacy or military force. Kings of Spain and Portugal wanted to claim
as much land as they could. Natural resources of the land Native people as slaves
Larger empire=more power
Imperialism
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SPICES!!!
Preserve food during winter (salt) Cover up the taste of food that had gone bad
Only accessible in the Indies (China, Japan, and India)
Very difficult, very expensive, very dangerous Muslim traders brought goods to the East Coast of
the Mediterranean Sea. Italian merchants brought them into Europe
Each group raised the price Bandits and pirates
New Trade Routes
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Knew very little about the world beyond
Europe, Northern Africa and the Middle East Few people believed the world was flat Map included Europe, Asia, and top of Africa Knew of only one ocean which they called the
Ocean Sea
New Knowledge
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Europe was involved with many wars
Fought each other and fought others War is EXPENSIVE! Needed gold, silver, and gems to pay for the wars Believed Asia was loaded riches. New ideology: Getting rich and dominating other
people was viewed as positive Europe had recent success in taking over and
exploiting island societies (Malta, Sardinia, Canary Islands
Glory, Fame and Wealth
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Spread Christianity Imperialism New Trade Routes New Knowledge Glory, Honor, and Wealth
Review
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People around the world had been traveling by
sea for a long time Prince Henry the Navigator began a school for
navigation. His ideas were based on ideas known to ancient Phoenicians and Egyptians
Evidence of earlier journeys between Europe and the Americas Two Native Americans shipwrecked in Holland
around 60 B .C. became major curiosities in Europe
Vikings to Newfoundland in the year 1000 A.D.
Advances Allowing for Exploration
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Cartography is the science and art of making
maps. Prior to the 1400s, only portolan charts
existed. Used by pilots to lay courses from one harbor to
another Gerardus Mercator created a map projection
that he designed to help with navigation. The lines of latitude and longitude are straight, and land masses are distorted near the poles
Cartography
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A knarr was a Viking ship that routinely
crossed the Atlantic Ocean
Improved Ship Design
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Ship Design Cont.
Portugal and Spain began building new and improved ships known as caravels (from the Egyptian caravos)
Small, fast, easy to maneuver Specials bottoms made it easier to travel along coast lines where the water was shallow. Lateen Sails
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Compass helped sailors know what direction
they were going (N, S, E, W) Magnetic needles.
Astrolabe allowed sailors to determine their latitude (how far north or south of the equator they were).
New Navigational Tools
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Spanish brought horses. Sailors could fire their cannons onto shore
without leaving their ship.
Improved Weaponry