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1/25 Learning Target:Understand the aftermath of WWI and the Nazi Dictatorship
Accolades for Travelblogs
PresentationTAKE NOTES
You will have homework based on your notes…
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WWI to WWII and the Rise of Nazi GermanyWorld History, FHSJanuary 2010
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Do Now
Make a list of everything you know about the Nazi party. Be prepared to share.
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Europe 1914
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Treaty of Versailles
Negotiations began Jan. 1919
Consisted of leaders of 32 countries – ¾ of the world’s population
Proceedings interrupted by world conflict – armistice, Bolsheviks, assassination attempt in France
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Terms for Germany
Germany was stripped over 13% of its territory – much of it returned to France
Reduction of Germany’s economic productivity by 13% and population by 10%
Lost of all its colonies and merchant vessels
Lost 75% of its iron ore deposits and 26% of its coal and potash (used to make soap, glass and fertilizer)
Made to pay reparations for ‘civilian damage’ – 6 thousand pounds
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Terms (cont.’d)
Army and navy cut to a maximum of 100,000 volunteers
Forbidden to have an air force
Danzig established as a free city
The Rhineland was to be occupied for 15 years
Overall goal – contain Germany’s military power
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Europe 1918
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Russia - 1917February Revolution, Czar Nicholas thrown out of power and replaced with a Socialist Provisional Government
“The July Days” – war effort is going increasingly poor, economics situation in Russia is becoming more dire and workers, soldiers and sailors riot
Bolsheviks: Left-wing Socialists
Bolshevik forces under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin overthrow Provisional Government
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Russia – cont.’d
Lenin establishes a Soviet Socialist Republic
The new Soviet state has radical social, political, economic & agrarian reform
This scared Western powers who feared the spread of Communism in Europe – made them willing to compromise with right-wing regimes in 20s & 30s
Russia breaks out in civil war (1917-1922)
Makes decision to make separate peace treaty with Kaiser Germany
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Nazi DictatorshipWeimar Republic – parliamentary democracy established in Germany after WWI
Began to slip in popularity during the Great Depression
Adolf Hitler appointed chancellor by President Paul von Hidenburg Jan 30, 1933
Hitler begins laying foundation for Nazi state, also called the Third Reich
Guided by racist and authoritarian principles, eliminated individual freedoms
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Dictatorship (cont.’d)Pronounced the creation of a Volk Community (Volksgemeinschaft) – a society which would, in theory, transcend class and religious differences
Third Reich – police state in which Germans enjoyed no basic rights and the SS wielded increasing authority through is control over the police
SS – elite guard of the Nazi state
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Reichstag Fire Suspicious fire in German Parliament February 28, 1933
Decree issued
Suspension of basic civil rights (ones guaranteed under the Weimar Constitution)
Created a state of emergency in which official decrees could be enacted without parliamentary confirmation
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Nazi Dictatorship (cont.’d)
Political opponents, esp. Communists & Social Democratic Party members and Jews were subject to intimidation, persecution and discriminatory legislation
“Coordination” (Gleichschaltung) – policy followed by Hitler his first 2 yrs of chancellorship where political parties, state governments, and cultural and professional organizations were brought in line with Nazi goals
Culture, economics and law all came under Nazi control
Also attempted to bring into line German Christian churches, not completely successful, but won support of a majority of Catholic and Protestant clergymen
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Nazi Dictatorship (cont.’d)Civil Service Law, 1933
– German authorities eliminated Jews and other “politically unreliable” civil servants from governmental agencies, and state positions in the economy, law and cultural life
Nazi government abolished trade unions
Workers, employees, & employers were forced into the German Labor Front led by Nazi leader Robert Ley
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Nazi Dictatorship (cont.’d)
Enabling Law, 1933 – German parliament transferred power to Hitler’s cabinet – lost its reason for being
mid-July 1933, Nazi party was the only political party left in Germany
All other parties had been outlawed or dissolved themselves
Reichstag allowed Hitler and the Nazis to do as they pleased
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Nazi Dictatorship (cont.’d)
Hindenburg dies 1934, Hitler has himself designated as both Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor
Armed forced swore allegiance to him
Fuehrer principle (Fuehrerprinzip) – authority – in gov.’t, the party, economy, family, etc. – flowed downward and was to be obeyed unquestioningly
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Nazi Dictatorship (cont.’d)
Power as Chancellor limited by laws of German state, power as Fuehrer was not
Hitler’s will was equated with the destiny of the German nation
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Foreign PolicyDriven largely by racist beliefs
Asserted Germany was destined to expand eastward by military force
Asserted that an enlarged, racially superior German population should establish permanent rule in eastern Europe and the Soviet Union
Women played a vital role
Aggressive population policy encouraged “racially pure” women to bear as many “Aryan” children as possible
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Foreign Policy (cont.’d)
“Racially Inferior” peoples such as the Jews and the Gypsies would be eliminated from the region
From the beginning aimed to wage war of annihilation against the Soviet Union
Peacetime years of Nazi regime spent preparing German people for war
Also planned and implemented the Holocaust
Holocaust – mass murder of the Jews, considered the primary “racial” enemy
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In-Class Assignment
Write 1 additional paragraph summary of today’s lesson. This should add to the paragraph that you already have.
Each paragraph must be at least 5 sentences long.
You should end up with two paragraphs total.
Your original title should be modified to be a title for BOTH paragraphs.
(“summary” is not a title…“paragraphs” is not a title either. Imagine if your are writing the heading on a newspaper that featured your two paragraphs…what would the headline be?)
This is CLASSWORK. Your homework assignment follows…
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Homework
Read the article on HitlerTake NOTES that are clear. Make sure YOU understand them.
Write a 1 paragraph summary of the article. (5 sentences minimum, with a title)