Download - 12 September 2015 CCENT 640-822 ICND1 Exam Topics Review TCP/IP and OSI Networking Models
April 19, 2023
CCENT 640-822 ICND1 Exam Topics ReviewCCENT 640-822 ICND1 Exam Topics Review
TCP/IP and OSI Networking Models
April 19, 2023
DisclaimerDisclaimer
This review is for the exclusive non-profit use by Cisco Academy instructors and students only!Contents of this review were derived from the following
sources under the doctrine of US copyright “Fair Use” section 107:
• Cisco Networking Academy Curricula: Discovery Networking for Home and Small Businesses version 4.x
• Interactive Course Guide, Cisco Learning Institute• CCENT/CCNA ICND 1 Official Exam Certification Guide, 2nd ed.
by Wendell Odom, Cisco Press, 2008; ISBN1-58720-182-2• Cisco Learning Network
https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/docs/DOC-4987• Other references footnoted in individual slide notes area.
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CCENT Exam TopicsCCENT Exam Topics
Describe the operation of data networksUse the OSI and TCP/IP models and their associated
protocols to explain how data flows in a networkDescribe the purpose and basic operation of the
protocols in the OSI and TCP models
https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/docs/DOC-4987
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TCP/IP Protocol ArchitectureTCP/IP Protocol Architecture
The TCP/IP model is a description framework for computer network protocols created in the 1970s by the US Department of Defense.1
It describes a set of general design guidelines and implementations of specific networking protocols to enable computers to communicate over a network.2
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TCP/IP Application LayerTCP/IP Application Layer
Defines and provides services to the PC application software, such as browser requests for web page file transfersHTTP – request and responseHTML – to properly read and display received file
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TCP/IP Transport LayerTCP/IP Transport Layer
Provides the Application layer with communication session and datagram servicesTransport Control Protocol: One-to-one, connection-
oriented, reliable, error free delivery of data.User Datagram Protocol: Connectionless, unreliable data
delivery
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TCP/IP Internet LayerTCP/IP Internet Layer
Responsible for addressing, packaging, and routing functions .Internet Protocol
• Hierarchical IP addressing of networks and hosts• Packet routing by transferring data from router to router.
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TCP/IP Network Addressing LayerTCP/IP Network Addressing Layer
Defines protocols and hardware required to deliver data across a physical network.Serves the Internet layer by encapsulating data with
appropriate framing for the physical network.
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Data EncapsulationData Encapsulation
Data is “wrapped” with protocol information at each layer of the TCP/IP model when a host transmits data to another device across a network
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Data Encapsulation Example in TCP/IPData Encapsulation Example in TCP/IP
ApplicationData from browser gets an HTTP header
TransportHTTP request is segmented with each segment getting a
port and sequence number.Internet
Each TCP segment gets an IP address header and becomes a packet.
Network AccessEach IP packet gets a frame header and trailer including
frame check sum error information.Data bits encoded for proper physical delivery; copper,
fiber, wireless
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OSI Reference ModelOSI Reference Model
The Open Systems Interconnect Model was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 19847 layer model
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OSI Layering Concepts and BenefitsOSI Layering Concepts and Benefits
Less complex and easier to learnBreaks concepts into smaller easier to explain parts
Standard InterfacesVendor neutral for open developmentMulti-vendor interoperability of applications & devices
Modular engineeringApplications and hardware device development can be
done at any layer
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OSI Protocol Data UnitsOSI Protocol Data Units
PDU contains data as well as header/trailer at each layer similar to TCP/IP model