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Basis India China Pakistan
Independence 1947 1949 1947
1st five year plan 1951 1953 1956
Completion of
plan till 1998
8 five
yearplan
10 five year
plan till2006
8 five year
plan
Basis ofdifference
India China Pakistan
Type ofeconomic-system
Mixedeconomicsystem
Socialisticeconomicsystem
Mixedeconomicsystem
Governmentrule
Democracywith federalgovt.
PeoplesRepublic ofchina oneparty rule
Democracy
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Sector Contribution to GDP(2003)
India China Pakistan
Agriculture
Industry
Service
23
26
51
15
53
32
23
23
54
Total 100 100 100
SectoralSectoral Share of Employment and GDPShare of Employment and GDP
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China represents a huge market due to its population and theeconomy can still enjoy a very high growth rate in the nearfuture. Despite political and social uncertainties, we areconfident because of the quality of the Chinese youth. 400Million are aged between 20 and 39 (Only 110 million in
Western Europe ) and constitute the main labor force.
Given the current saving and investment rate as well as theproductivity of capital, India can hope to attain about 6percent growth per annum in the coming decades.
With the projected economic growth of 5.5% per annum andpopulation of 2% per annum, Pakistan by 2020 would haveachieved:(i)Base of $150 bn (real terms)(ii)Economy: $270 bn(iii)Population: 198 million.
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COUNTRIES
_____________
POPULATION
In the foll. Years
INDIA CHINA PAKISTAN
1950 562,579,779 369,880,000 39,448,232
1980 687,029,282 984,736,460 85,219,117
2000 1,002,708,291 1,268,853,362 146,342,958
2009 1,338,612,968 1,156,897,776 174,578,558
SOURCE - US CENSUS BUREAU ,INTERNATIONALDATABASE and other sources
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at birth: 1.14 male (s)/femaleunder 15 years: 1.17 male (s)/female15-64 years: 1.06 male (s)/female65 years and over: 0.93 male (s)/femaletotal population: 1.06 male (s)/female (2010 est.)
CHINA
INDIAat birth: 1.12 male (s)/femaleunder 15 years: 1.13 male (s)/female15-64 years: 1.07 male (s)/female65 years and over: 0.91 male (s)/femaletotal population: 1.08 male (s)/female (2010 est.)
PAKISTANat birth: 1.05 male (s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male (s)/female
15-64 years: 1.09 male (s)/female
65 years and over: 0.92 male (s)/female
total population: 1.07 male (s)/female (2010 est.)
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Indicators India China PakistanEstimatedpopulation (inmillions)
1103.6 1303.7 162.4
Annual growth ofpopulation(1990-2003)
1.7 1.0 2.5
Density (per sq. Km) 358 138 193Sex ratio
933 937 922Fertility Rate 3.0 1.8 5.1Urbanisation 27.8 36.1 33.4Improved sanitationfacilities 30 % 44 % 54 %
As on2000
-2001
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India
China
Infant mortality rate
and birth rate
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GDP India vs.GDP China
The growth rate in GDP India vs. GDP China has increased outstandingly in the recentperiod due to several factors leading to an economic upsurge in both the countries.
China and India jointly account for 2.4 billion people, which is roughly 40 percent of the
total population of the world. . It has been assumed that China is likely to excel Japan in
terms of population by the year 2016. By the end of the year 2045, China is expected to
surpass United States in the population strength also. According to a survey report on
the growth rate of China and India GDP, it has been stated that the institutional investors
have made a notable contribution in the country's economy, which led to the hike in the
GDP of both the countries.
India GDP and China GDP are likely to grow in their own ways. To be precise, in 25 years
from the current period it has been assumed that China will have a more superior
economy as it already leads the total output in the world. On the other hand, soon in the
coming years India will have superior investor returns than China. This is because of the
augmented institutional development in India which is higher and more efficient than
that of China. Considering the expected conflicts in China's economic and political
systems, it can be inferred that a wide diversification of the investors is an essential
factor that is required for a sustainable growth in the country's GDP.
Former World Bank Chief James Wolfensohn declared in one of his speeches that soon
GDP India and GDP China will witness an overwhelming growth that will transcend the
G7 countries.
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India
Pakistan
China
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Service Sector Growth in IndiaService Sector Growth in India
and Chinaand ChinaDuring the 1950s and 1960s, research by Kuznets and Chenery suggested thatDuring the 1950s and 1960s, research by Kuznets and Chenery suggested thatdevelopment would be associated with a sharp decline in proportion of GDPdevelopment would be associated with a sharp decline in proportion of GDP
generated by the primarygenerated by the primary sector,sector, counterbalanced by a significant increase incounterbalanced by a significant increase in
industry and a modest increase in the service sector. Kongsamut (2001)industry and a modest increase in the service sector. Kongsamut (2001)
conducted a study on 123 countries and showed that the sector share given upconducted a study on 123 countries and showed that the sector share given upby agriculture as the economy matures goes more to the service sector andby agriculture as the economy matures goes more to the service sector and
less to the industry.less to the industry.
Furthermore, the modern view also suggests that the share of agricultureFurthermore, the modern view also suggests that the share of agriculture
declines as the economy grows with an increase in the service sector, and fitsdeclines as the economy grows with an increase in the service sector, and fits
in this pattern, quite perfectly. In the four decade period 1950in this pattern, quite perfectly. In the four decade period 1950--1990,1990,
agricultures share in GDP declined by 25 % while industry and services, bothagricultures share in GDP declined by 25 % while industry and services, bothgained equally. The share of industry has stabilized since 1990 and the entiregained equally. The share of industry has stabilized since 1990 and the entire
subsequent decline in agriculture has been picked up by the service sector.subsequent decline in agriculture has been picked up by the service sector.
However, we see that despite a considerable decline in the share of agricultureHowever, we see that despite a considerable decline in the share of agriculture
in GDP, there has been no significant decline in the share of agriculture inin GDP, there has been no significant decline in the share of agriculture in
employment. On the other hand, the share of services in GDP has risen butemployment. On the other hand, the share of services in GDP has risen butwith no increase in the share in employment.with no increase in the share in employment.
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Service Sector Growth in India andService Sector Growth in India and
China(cont)China(cont)
Software is one of Chinas fastest growing service industries. The Chinese softwareSoftware is one of Chinas fastest growing service industries. The Chinese software
industry is inherently different than Indias and will likely take different paths. Theindustry is inherently different than Indias and will likely take different paths. The
majority of Chinese software services producers are domestic companies withmajority of Chinese software services producers are domestic companies with
domestic consumers. Since software development creates more efficientdomestic consumers. Since software development creates more efficient
manufacturing processes, Chinas software industry is in high demand. In addition,manufacturing processes, Chinas software industry is in high demand. In addition,more and more Chinese are acquiring personal computers and mobile phones thatmore and more Chinese are acquiring personal computers and mobile phones that
require software advances.require software advances.
The Indian information and technology industry has been the source of muchThe Indian information and technology industry has been the source of much
discussion on the successful growth of a knowledge industry in a largely poor anddiscussion on the successful growth of a knowledge industry in a largely poor and
developing country. IT in India is spread across four key sectorsdeveloping country. IT in India is spread across four key sectors-- IT services, IT enabledIT services, IT enabled
services (ITES), software, and eservices (ITES), software, and e--business. These sectors combine for a 2008 annualbusiness. These sectors combine for a 2008 annual
revenue forecast of $87B (NASSCOM) with numerous analysts suggesting higherrevenue forecast of $87B (NASSCOM) with numerous analysts suggesting higher
revenue. Highlighting the rapid growth of IT in India, software was a small $150MMrevenue. Highlighting the rapid growth of IT in India, software was a small $150MM
industry in 1991, but grew to $5.7B in 2000, which is an annual growth rate of 50%industry in 1991, but grew to $5.7B in 2000, which is an annual growth rate of 50%
(NASSCOM).(NASSCOM).
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India: A Few Facts
7th largest country by area and 2nd bypopulation
The capital of India is New Delhi.The total area of India is 3,287,590 sq miles.
The type of government of India is democraticrepublic.
The life expectancy is for males is 62.55 and for
female is 63.93.The literacy rate is 52 %.The birth rate is 23.79 per 1,000.The death rate is 8.62 per 1,000.
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China: A Few FactsChina: A Few Facts 3rd largest country by area and 1st by population. The capital of China is Bejing. The population of the country of China is 1,236,914,658. The total area of China is 9,596,960 sq miles. The type of goverment of China is communist state. The currency is 1 yaun=10 jiao. The religon of China is Doasism (Toaism). The language of China is Chinese. The life expectancy is for males is 69.9 and for female is 72.7. The literacy rate is 73%.
The death rate is 6.99 per 1,000. The birth rate is 15.73 per 1,000. The major imports are: mineral fuels, plastics, and fabrics. The exports: footware, toys, leather, and plastics. The natural resources of China is coal, iron ore, and petroleum. Chief crops are tea, cotton, and rice.
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Pakistan: A Few FactsPakistan: A Few Factsy Population: 149 milliony Growth Rate: 2.06%y Literacy rate: 51%
y
Male 53%y Female 29%
y GDP (per capita): $492y Population below poverty line: 32%
y Urban 22%y Rural 39%
y Health Expenditure 0.7% of GDP
y Rural population access to:(i) Safe drinking water 48%(ii)Sanitation: 23%
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The World Bank assessments report theThe World Bank assessments report theextent and causes of poverty and proposeextent and causes of poverty and proposestrategies to reduce it. Countries havestrategies to reduce it. Countries havevarying definitions of poverty, andvarying definitions of poverty, and
comparisons can be difficult. Nationalcomparisons can be difficult. Nationalpoverty lines tend to have higherpoverty lines tend to have higherpurchasing power in rich countries,purchasing power in rich countries,where standards used are more generouswhere standards used are more generousthan in poor countries. Poverty measuresthan in poor countries. Poverty measures
based on an international poverty linebased on an international poverty lineattempt to hold the real value of theattempt to hold the real value of thepoverty line.poverty line.
PovertyPoverty
India
Pakistan
China
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Data here cover child labor, gender issues, refugees, and asylum seekers. ChildrenData here cover child labor, gender issues, refugees, and asylum seekers. Childrenin many countries work long hours, often combining studying with work for pay.in many countries work long hours, often combining studying with work for pay.Gender disparities are measured using a compilation of data on key topics such asGender disparities are measured using a compilation of data on key topics such aseducation, health, labor force participation, and political participation.education, health, labor force participation, and political participation.
Social DevelopmentSocial Development
India Pakistan China
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Natural and manNatural and man--made environmentalmade environmental
resourcesresources fresh water, clean air, forests,fresh water, clean air, forests,grasslands, marine resources, and agrograsslands, marine resources, and agro--ecosystemsecosystems provide sustenance and aprovide sustenance and afoundation for social and economicfoundation for social and economicdevelopment. The need to safeguarddevelopment. The need to safeguardthese resources crosses all borders.these resources crosses all borders.
Today, the World Bank is one of the keyToday, the World Bank is one of the keypromoters and financiers ofpromoters and financiers ofenvironmental upgrading in theenvironmental upgrading in thedeveloping world. Data here coverdeveloping world. Data here coverforests, biodiversity, emissions, andforests, biodiversity, emissions, andpollution. Other indicators relevant topollution. Other indicators relevant to
the environment are found under datathe environment are found under datapages for Agriculture & Ruralpages for Agriculture & RuralDevelopment, Energy & Mining,Development, Energy & Mining,Infrastructure, and Urban Development.Infrastructure, and Urban Development.
EnvironmentEnvironment India
Pakistan
China
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To reduce poverty faster, begin with Agricultural Reforms.
Make Reforms gradually and carefully.
Reform incentives before opening markets.
Improve health, education, infrastructure.
Land use at an early stage.
Focus on public investments that can boost Agricultural Productivityefficiently.
Promote Rural Diversification and Vertical Coordination.
Use Well-Targeted Antipoverty Programs and Safety Nets to Help thePoorest.
Work to Make Governance Both Effective and Transparent.
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