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10.2 Summary of successes, challenges and opportunities
West Coast Fisheries Science Centers May 4, 2015
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fecundity
1st year survival
downstream survival
Estuary/early ocean survival
Ocean survival
upstream survival
harvest
Pre-‐spawn survival
• Freshwater habitat research • Climate • Riverine survival • Estuarine ecology • Ocean ecology and harvest • Hatcheries • Evolution and diversity • Life cycle modeling and synthesis
Organization of our salmon science
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 2
ESU viability assessment • Status reviews • Technical recovery planning • VSP • Monitoring
Evaluation and treatment of threats • Biological opinions • Recovery plans
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Where does it all come together?
• Life cycle modeling • Status reviews • Recovery plans
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 3
ESU viability assessment Evaluation and treatment of threats
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Overarching • Successes • Highly qualified, motivated staff • Good ties between science and management • Science has made a big difference in directing recovery
• Challenges • Salmon recovery will take a long time and lots of resources • Funding has been flat or declining as costs have increased • % of funding on salaries makes new priorities difficult • Reliance on external funding • Leverage of emergency of the day
• Opportunities • Some ESUs are approaching delisting goals for some criteria • West coast region merger • New technology • Greater focus on ecosystem approaches to management
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 4
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Theme: Status assessment and recovery • Successes • Framework for identifying DPS • Framework for developing recovery goals (VSP) • Buy-in from co-managers on the whole framework • Data compilation and management system • Methods widely used
• Challenges • Scope of the problem • Big environmental challenges • Multiple impacts across the lifecycle • Tensions between mandates
• Opportunities • Integration with ecosystem, multispecies management
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 5
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Theme: Freshwater habitat science • Successes • Shifting thinking to process based restoration • Criteria for habitat restoration • Development and application of monitoring methods for habitat • Changed paradigm on contaminant effects
• Challenges • Scale mismatch between activities and population response • Measuring long-term effects • Extrapolating measurements to non-measured watersheds
• Opportunities • Remote sensing • New technologies • Increasing emphasis on habitat
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 6
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Theme: River survival • Successes
• Developed technologies to greatly improve survival on the Columbia • Heading in that direction on the Sacramento • Developed technologies to monitor fish migrations
• Challenges • Some life stages too small to tag • Ecological interactions in large rivers • Effects of climate change – everything can change • Impassible dams
• Opportunities • Reintroductions above dams • Dam removals and ecosystem response • New technologies, applications to new systems
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 7
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Theme: Estuary and ocean science • Successes • Demonstrated the importance of life history diversity • Habitat actions lead to diversity • Maintaining ocean sampling program • Ocean indicators used by others • Progress on mechanisms underlying ocean survival
• Challenges • Trophic sampling • Maintaining funding
• Opportunities • A lot of potential restoration in estuary • More coordination with other marine survey work • Increasing use of biotechnology
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 8
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Theme: Harvest science • Successes • Developed analytical methods to evaluate management
strategies • Genetic stock ID and parent based tagging
• Challenges • Less data over time • Succession issues
• Opportunities • Greater use of new technology • More incorporation of environmental variables • Better forecasting
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 9
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Theme: Hatchery science • Successes
• Preventing extinction (e.g. Redfish Lake sockeye, Santa Cruz coho) • Better understanding of effects • Science is being used by management • Interdisciplinary approach
• Challenges • Controversy • Reluctance to do large experiments
• Opportunities • Heading toward a consensus among federal, state, tribal agencies on a
pragmatic approach • Greater appreciation for ecosystem interactions and hatcheries (e.g.
marine mammals) • New technologies such as cheap high throughput sequencing will help
address some questions
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 10
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Theme: Evolution and diversity • Successes • Greater focus on diversity • Developed technologies to measure diversity • Put in lifecycle models
• Challenges • Developing quantitative links to viability • Keeping up with technology change • Species biology challenging
• Opportunities • Increased attention to evolution issues • New approaches, new technology • Strong links to climate change
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 11
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fecundity
1st year survival
downstream survival
Estuary/early ocean survival
Ocean survival
upstream survival
harvest
Pre-‐spawn survival
• Freshwater habitat research • Climate • Riverine survival • Estuarine ecology • Ocean ecology and harvest • Hatcheries • Evolution and diversity • Life cycle modeling and synthesis
Organization of our salmon science
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 12
ESU viability assessment • Status reviews, listing • Technical recovery planning • Monitoring
Evaluation and treatment of threats • Biological opinions • Recovery plans