1
TerminalEquipment
Power FeedEquipment
Cables Repeater
CABOS SUBMARINOS INTERNACIONAIS
2
INFORMAÇÕES GERAIS Historico Configuração Típica Submarine Line Terminal Equipment (SLTE) Power Feed Equipment (PFE) Repetidor Branching Unit (BU) Cabos Navios Cabeiros Robots
ARQUITETURA DE REDEINSTALAÇÃO DE UMA REDE SUBMARINAREPARO EM UMA REDE SUBMARINASISTEMAS SUBMARINOS UTILIZADOS PELA XX
3
ANO Systema Pontos interligados Arquitetura de rede MultiplexaçãoCapacidade
Vias-Blocos-Tipo
Capac. Max(3 ou 4 Khz)ou 64 kbps
Banda aloc
(Mbps)1970 BRACAN (BRA-ESP) BR-ES FLAT FDM 1 X 10 GPB 160 101980 BRUS (BR-US) BR-US FLAT FDM 1 X 16 X SGB 960 611980 ATLANTIS-1 BR-Africa, Europa FLAT FDM 1 X 22 X SGB 1,320 841994 AMERICAS-I BR-Caribe, US FALT TDM 2 X 4 X 140M 15,872 1,1201994 UNISUR BR-AR-UR FLAT TDM 2 X 4 X 140M 15,872 1,1202000 ATLANTIS-2 BR-Africa, Europa Collapsed Ring WDM 2 X 8λ X 2.5G 483,840 40,0002000 AMERICAS-2 BR-Caribe, US Collapsed Ring WDM 4 X 8λ X 2.5G 967,680 80,0002001 EMERGIA Americas Ring DWDM 4 X 48λ X 10G 23,224,320 1,920,000
Hoje podemos multiplexar 105 canais de 10Gbps em 8 pares de fibras no mesmo cabo 101,606,400 8,400,000
HISTORICO
Nota: Os sistemas de cabos submarinos Internacionais, são sistemas com REPETIÇÃO
4
CONFIGURAÇÃO TÍPICA
5
Inteface da rede terrestre com a planta submersa Realiza as funções de WDM Proteção de rede (1+N) Inclui as funções de transmissão e recepção ótica da rede Pre-enfase automática
SLTE - Submarine Line Terminal Equipment
Tem a função de alimentar os repetidores Fonte de corrente constante, regulada em 1.3A Voltagem de saida ajustável de 0 – 10KV DC conforme seja necessário Voltagem de entrada 42-60 VDC
PFE - Power Feed Equipment
6
Distância típica 40 - 80 KmProfundidade 8000 mCapacidade 1 a 105 canais por par de fibra, permitindo até 8 pares de fibra por unidade repetidora
Vida útil 25 anosSupervisão Poténcia ótica IN/OUT, corrente da laser pump, supervisão de falhas e ou quebra de fibra
REPETIDOR
7
A BU é utilizada em sistemas de cabos onde é requerido conexões paramuliplos pontos
Conectividade óptica – (Fibra ou Canal WDM) Concetividade elétrica – (Passiva ou Ativa)
BRANCHING UNIT (BU)
8
Depth 8000mFibres 16
LW LWP SAL SA DA RAUnit Values Values Values Values Values Values
NTTS* kN 50 50 200 250 400 250NOTS* kN 30 30 150 200 300 200NPTS* kN 20 20 100 150 200 150
UTS* kN 70 70 280 370 560 370Characteristics
Outer diameter mm 17 23 28 31 46 46Weight in air kg/m 0.5 0.75 2 2.6 7.5 7.4
Weight in water kg/m 0.27 0.33 1.4 1.8 5.7 5.6
*UTS: ultimate tensile strength
Performance
*NPTS: nominal permanent tensile strength*NOTS: nominal operating tensile strength*NTTS: nominal transient tensile strength
CABOS
9
Caracteristicas tipicas de un Navio da KDD (KDD PACIFIC LINK) que executa as tarefas de instalação emanutenção de cabos submarinos da fibra ótica no oceano pacífico
Owner KOKUSAI CABLE SHIP CO.,LTD.(KCS)Built 1993 by Singmarine Dock & Engineering Ltd..,Converted 1997 by Wear Dockyard Ltd. Sunderland UKPort of registry TokyoFlag JapanClassification NK NS(CL) MNS MOLength over all 109mBreadth(moulded) 20.5mDepth(moulded) 9.0mGross Tonnage 7,960tonScantling draft 7.5mDead weight 6,597ton
Cable tank capacity4,000T/2,400m3 (2 main cable tanks)500T/320m3(2 spare cable tanks)
Main generator 1,600kw x 6unitsEmergency generator 600kw x 1unitAzimuth thrusters 2,000 / 1,000kw x 2units (2speed)Side thrusters 800kw x 3unitsDynamic positioning system Triple modular redundant systemService Speed 11.5knotsEndurance 50daysCable handling equipmentDrum cable engineLinear cable engineCable plowA-frameStem sheaves
EL-HY drum type x 2units, 3.6m dia.EL-HY tire type 20pair x 1unitSMD type35T SWL1.3m width split, 3.0m dia.0.5m width, 3.0m dia.
Anti-rolling tank 1unitDeck crane(EL-HY) 1Unit, 3.5THelideck 19m diameter, Super Puma Helicopter or equivalentComplement 58personnel max.Navigation aids DGPS Duplicated
NAVIO CABEIRO TIPICO
10
PLOW ROV - MARCAS-III ROV - MARCAS-SBT
ARADO E ROBOT
Arado - Rebocado pelo navio, enterra o cabo entre 1-3 metros e chega a profundidades de 1500 m
ROV - Utilizado para as operações em águas profundas, chegando até 2500 m profundidade
•Diagnóstico de problemas•Escavar•Levantar o cabo•Cortar •Enterrar o cabo em até 3 metros de profundidade sob o leito
11
INFORMAÇÕES GERAIS Historico Configuração Típica Submarine Line Terminal Equipment (SLTE) Power Feed Equipment (PFE) Repetidor Branching Unit (BU) Cabos Navios Cabeiros Robots
ARQUITETURA DE REDEINSTALAÇÃO DE UMA REDE SUBMARINAREPARO EM UMA REDE SUBMARINASISTEMAS SUBMARINOS UTILIZADOS PELA XXX
12
ARQUITETURA DE REDE
Festoon Ring
Collapsed Ring Mesh Collapsed Mesh
Festoon Branched String
13
INFORMAÇÕES GERAIS Historico Configuração Típica Submarine Line Terminal Equipment (SLTE) Power Feed Equipment (PFE) Repetidor Branching Unit (BU) Cabos Navios Cabeiros Robots
ARQUITETURA DE REDEINSTALAÇÃO DE UMA REDE SUBMARINAREPARO EM UMA REDE SUBMARINASISTEMAS SUBMARINOS UTILIZADOS PELA XXX
14
1) The marine operation begins with the cable being ‘floated’ ashore to thelanding position from the cable ship. The cable is ‘floated’ ashore to preventdamage to both the seabed and the cable. Once the cable end is ashore andsecure, the floatation bags are removed s removed and the cable settles tothe seabed.
Laying a submarine network
15
2) The cableship follows the pre-determinated route and the cable is buried orsurface-laid as required. Continuous adjustments are made to ‘slack’ andvessel position to ensure a good conformity of cable to the seabed.
Laying a submarine network
16
3) Upon arrival at the other cable end (previously installed and buoyed off) theposition of the laying vessel is adjusted until both cable ends are on board. Afinal splice cable joint is made.
Laying a submarine network
4) Upon completion of the final splice joint, the cable bight is lowered overboardand deployed on the seabed.
17
INFORMAÇÕES GERAIS Historico Configuração Típica Submarine Line Terminal Equipment (SLTE) Power Feed Equipment (PFE) Repetidor Branching Unit (BU) Cabos Navios Cabeiros Robots
ARQUITETURA DE REDEINSTALAÇÃO DE UMA REDE SUBMARINAREPARO EM UMA REDE SUBMARINASISTEMAS SUBMARINOS UTILIZADOS PELA XXX
18
Repairing a submarine network
2
3
18
25
26
41
0
19
Repairing a submarine network
1) The fault is initially located by testing from the terminal stations. The repairship can recover the cable using a variety of grapnels. The grapnel is loweredfrom the repair vessel and traverses the cable line on the seabed. A grapnel is aspecial device that can simultaneously cut and seize cables.
20
Repairing a submarine network
2) After the cable is found and hooked by the grapnel , it is cut in situ and oneend is raised and brought onto the ship.
21
Repairing a submarine network
3) A buoy is attached to the end of the recovered cable, which is then replacedon the ocean floor. Recovery of the other cable end with the grapnel thenproceeds.
22
Repairing a submarine network
4) After the other end of the cable is recovered on board and the faulty cablesection is removed, replacement cable is jointed in and the cable is deployedback to the buoy.
23
Repairing a submarine network
5) The end of the cable attached to the buoy is brought aboard, and it is splicedto the replacement cable.
24
Repairing a submarine network
6) After a series of tests, the cable is released and lowered/lowered onto theocean floor.
25
26
INFORMAÇÕES GERAIS Historico Configuração Típica Submarine Line Terminal Equipment (SLTE) Power Feed Equipment (PFE) Repetidor Branching Unit (BU) Cabos Navios Cabeiros Robots
ARQUITETURA DE REDEINSTALAÇÃO DE UMA REDE SUBMARINAREPARO EM UMA REDE SUBMARINASISTEMAS SUBMARINOS UTILIZADOS PELA XXX
27
Americas -2Familly Repeatered
Bit rate/fibre pairs: 2500/4 WDMLength (km): 9000
Number of repeaters: 99Status Installed
Service date: 2000Landing countries: Brazil, Guyana, Trinidad, Curaçao,
Venezuela, US Virgin Islands, Martinique,Puerto Rico, USA
Purchasers: ANTELECOM, AT&T, MCII, Sprint,Embratel, CANTV, Telintar, FranceTelecom, Telecom Italia, Telefónica,Trescom Int, TSTT, Telesur
Total cost: 362 MU$
AMERICAS-II
28
Atlantis-2Familly Repeatered
Bit rate/fibre pairs: 2500/2 WDMLength (km): 8500
Number of repeaters: 145Status Installed
Service date: 2000Landing countries: Argentina, Brazil, Senegal, Cape Verde
Islands, Canary Islands, PortugalPurchasers: Telintar, Embratel, Sonatel, Cabo Verde
Telecom, Telefónica, Marconi, TelecomItalia, France Telecom, Deutsche Telekom
Total cost: 262 MU$
ATLANTIS 2
29
Columbus IIIFamilly Repeatered
Bit rate/fibre pairs: 2500/2 WDMLength (km): -
Number of repeaters: 90Status Installed
Service date: 1999Landing countries: Italy, Portugal, Spain, USA
Purchasers: Over 30 carriers including: AT&T, CPRM,Telefónica, Telecom Italia
Total cost: -
COLUMBUS-III
30
SEA-ME-WE 3Familly Repeatered
Bitrate/fibre
pairs:
2500/2 WDM
Length(km):
27000
Numberof
repeaters:
up to 300
Status InstalledService
date:1998
Landingcountries:
Germany, Belgium,England, France,Portugal, Morocco,Italy, Greece, Turkey,Cyprus, Egypt, SaudiArabia, Djibouti, UAE,Oman, Pakistan,India, Sri Lanka,Myanmar, Thailand,Malaysia, Indonesia
Purchasers 90telecommunicationscarriers including:Telstra, Belgium PTT,Cyprus PTT, OPT,ARENTO, FranceTelecom, FCR,DTAG, OTE, VSNL,INDOSAT, TelecomItalia SPA,
Totalcost:
1,372 MU$
SMW-3
31
Familly Repeatered
Bit rate/fibrepairs:
2500/2
Length (km): 2800
Number ofrepeaters:
23
Status Installed
Service date: 1998
Landingcountries:
St. Croix, Aruba, Venezuela,Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Chile
Purchasers: Telefónica, Telefónica Peru, CTCMundo, MCI, AT&T, Telintar,CANTV, ENTEL Chile, TelecomItalia, Sprint, Setar, Emetel
PAN-AMERICAN
32
TPC-5Familly Repeatered
Bit rate/fibre pairs: 5000/2 WDMLength (km): 25000
Number of repeaters: -Status Installed
Service date: 1996Landing countries: Japan, Guam, Hawaii, USA
Purchasers: KDD, AT&T, ..Total cost: 1,120 UM$
TPC-5
33
GEMINI
Gemini (South/North)Familly Repeatered
Bit rate/fibre pairs: 2500/2 WDMLength (km): 6,260/5855
Number of repeaters: 104/82Status Installed
Service date: 1998Landing countries: GBR, USA
Purchasers: Gemini Submarine Cable System Limited (aJV between Cable & Wireless plc andWorldCom Inc)
Total cost: MU$
34
SACFamilly Repeatered
Bit rate/fibre pairs: 10000x32/4 DWDMLength (km): 16,000
Number of repeaters: 288Status Under Implementation
Service date: 2000/1Landing countries: USA, Brasil, Argentina, Chile, Peru, Colombia,
PanamaPurchasers: Global Crossing
Total cost: 700 MU$
SAC
35
8
Fortaleza/BRA
Rio de Janeiro/BRA
Las Toninas/ARGValparaiso/CHL
Arica/CHL
Lurin/PRU
Salvador/BRA
Buenaventura/COL
Santos/BRA
Puerto San JoseGUATEMALA
Puerto BarrosGUATEMALA
San Juan/PRO
Florida/USA
EMERGIAEMERGIA
Familly RepeateredBit rate/fibre pairs: 10000/49/4 DWDM
Length (km): 25,000Number of repeaters:
Status OngoingService date: 2001
Landing countries: USA, Puerto Rico, Brazil, Argentina, Chile,Peru, Colombia, Guatemala
Purchasers: Telefonica SAMTotal cost: 1,600 MU$
36
1
2
3
4
5
6 7
8
9
Tuckerton/NJ
Boca Raton/FL
Punta Gorda/VEN
Fortaleza/BRA
St. David’s/Bermuda
Rio de Janeiro/BRA
SPO
Las Toninas/ARG
360AMERICAS360AMERICAS
Familly RepeateredBit rate/fibre pairs: 10000x32/4 DWDM
Length (km): 28500Number of repeaters: 303
Status Under ImplementationService date: 2000/1
Landing countries: USA, BER,VEN,BRA,ARGPurchasers: Atlantica Network, Subsidiary of 360networks
Total cost: 940 MU$
Under ConstructionUnder DevelopmentNorth Ring Segments: 1,2,3,4,5Central Ring Segments: 6,7South Ring Segments: 8,9
37
OBRIGADO PELA
PARTICIPAÇÃO