![Page 1: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Overview
![Page 2: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Overview
• Benefits of RATC• Applications
― Real-time corrective ― Hour ahead corrective and preventive― Day ahead corrective― Day ahead market/economic based
• RATC algorithms
![Page 3: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Benefits of RATC
• Market models (day-ahead, hour-ahead) do not guarantee N-1 feasibility
• RATC reduces contingency violations• RATC reduces costly out of market corrections
Market Model
Contingency Analysis
Out of Market Corrections
![Page 4: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Benefits of RATC with Renewables
• Renewable resources― Renewables impose locational reserve
requirements― RATC improves reserve deliverability, reduces
need for investment in local generation― RATC minimizes costly re-dispatch caused by
renewables― Enables higher percentage levels of
renewables
![Page 5: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Expected RATC Benefits
• Cost savings: >2-5% avoided costs
• System reliability― N-1, N-m, malicious attacks can be mitigated
using real-time RATC
― Reduction in load shedding: >5-10%
![Page 6: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Real-Time Corrective
![Page 7: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Real-time Structure
• Computational time: < 5 min.
![Page 8: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Real-time Corrective Algorithm
![Page 9: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Real-time Corrective Topology Control Examples
• PJM (2010) Manual 3: Transmission Operations. http://www.pjm.com/markets-and-operations/compliance/nerc-standards/~/media/documents/manuals/m03.ashx
• Sunnyside-Torrey 138 kV Operating Guide (AEP Operating Memo T029) – Historically, the Sunnyside-Torrey 138 kV overloads on
the outage of the South Canton – Torrey 138 kV line. Opening the S.E. Canton 138 kV CB at Sunnyside will help to reduce the post-contingency flow on the Sunnyside-Torrey 138 kV line.
– Page 107
![Page 10: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Superstorm Sandy• PJM lost 82 bulk electric facilities
– 6 500kV transmission assets ; 3 345kV transmission assets ; 39 230kV transmission assets ; 25 138kV transmission assets
• Caused extremely high voltage on the system during low load levels
• “We were dealing with extremely high voltage on the system but a switching plan was developed to help alleviate these conditions.”
• Via Andy Ott, VP of PJM: several 500kV lines were switched out to mitigate over voltage concerns during these low load level periods
![Page 11: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Hour Ahead Corrective
![Page 12: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Hour Ahead Corrective Structure
• Computational time: < 15 min.
![Page 13: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Hour Ahead Corrective Algorithm (Renewables)
![Page 14: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Hour Ahead Corrective Results
IEEE 118-bus Test CaseWind uncertainty: ±16%Reserve: 5% non-wind + 10% wind or largest contingency
Results to date from IEEE 118:• RATC produces multiple candidate switching actions for
single events/contingencies• Candidate switching actions solve multiple events• Market solution (without RATC) failed N-1 contingency
analysis with forecasted wind level• Market solution with RATC is N-1 reliable and robust
against renewable uncertainty
![Page 15: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Hour Ahead Preventive
![Page 16: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Hour Ahead Preventive Structure
• Computational time: < 15 min.
![Page 17: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Hour Ahead Preventive Algorithm (Renewables)
![Page 18: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Day Ahead Corrective
![Page 19: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Day Ahead Corrective Structure
• Computational time: 2-3 hrs.
![Page 20: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Day Ahead Corrective Algorithm
![Page 21: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Hour Ahead Corrective Results
IEEE 118-bus Test CaseDemand uncertainty: ±6%Reserve: 5% hydro + 7% non-hydro or largest contingency
Results to date from IEEE 118:• RATC produces multiple candidate switching actions for
single events/contingencies• Candidate switching actions solve multiple events• Market solution (without RATC) failed N-1 contingency
analysis with forecasted demand• Market solution with RATC is N-1 reliable and robust
against demand uncertainty
![Page 22: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Day Ahead Market/Economic
Based
![Page 23: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Day Ahead Market Based Structure
• Computational time: 2-3 hrs.
![Page 24: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Day Ahead Market Based Algorithm
![Page 25: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Day Ahead Market Based RATC Results
![Page 26: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
RATC Algorithms
![Page 27: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Topology Control Algorithms
• Greedy algorithm• Based on a sensitivity analysis• Fast, scalable algorithm for large-scale systems• Medium to short-term RATC applications
• MIP heuristic• Finds the best single switching action• Long to medium-term RATC applications
![Page 28: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Greedy Algorithm
![Page 29: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
MIP Heuristic
![Page 30: 1 Overview. 2 Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519139a55034626428b4910/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
Test Systems
• IEEE Test Systems• PJM Dataset via FERC• TVA