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May 29th, 2008Gas Industry Micro CHP Workshop 2008
Kunihiro NishizakiTokyo Gas Co., Ltd.
The Japanese experience in The Japanese experience in micro CHP for residential usemicro CHP for residential use
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Contents
1. Introduction ~ Gas Engine
2. Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC)
3. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)
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0
10, 000
20, 000
30, 000
40, 000
50, 000
60, 00019
75
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
照明・家電・他給湯冷房暖房
Ene
rgy
cons
umpt
ion
(MJl
/ fa
mily
/ ye
ar)
Ratio @ FY2002
38 %
34 %
26 % 2 %
Transition of energy consumption rate in Transition of energy consumption rate in Japanese residential sectorJapanese residential sectorTransition of energy consumption rate in Transition of energy consumption rate in Japanese residential sectorJapanese residential sector
Jukankyo Research Institute Inc.
Lighting, etc.
Hot water
Heating
Large amount of energy for hot water
Cooling
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>Rated power: 1kW class
>Recovered heat used as hot water
What’s residential CHP in Japan?What’s residential CHP in Japan?
Fuel (city gas etc.)
Electricity (grid connected)
Recovered heat
Hot water supply
Generation unit
Hot water storage unit including backup burner
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Schematic Image of residential CHP Schematic Image of residential CHP for Connectionsfor Connections
City gas Hot water
Electric power from CHP
Commercial grid power
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Residential CHPs in JapanResidential CHPs in JapanGas Engine PEFC SOFC
EfficiencyE / H (%LHV)
22.5 / 63 37 / 50 45 / 30
Operation Start & stop Start & stop Continuous
Stage Commercial Limited market entry
Field trial
PEFC: Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell, SOFC: Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
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Gas engine based residential CHP Gas engine based residential CHP - Ecowill -- Ecowill -
Rated power : 1kW
Efficiency (LHV) :Generation : 22.5 %Heat : 63.0 %Overall : 85.5 %
Manufacturer :Honda (engine unit)Noriz or Chofu (hot water storage unit)
8Cumulative number of gas engine Cumulative number of gas engine based residential CHP in Japanbased residential CHP in Japan
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Higher electrical efficiency
Primary energy saving, CO2 reduction
Lower noise, lower vibration, cleaner exhaust
Common technology with FCV
PEFC based residential CHPPEFC based residential CHP
Strong support by the government
Aggressive development by manufacturers and energy companies
in Japan
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Hot water tank
PEFC stack
Air
Hot water
Hot water
Recovered heat
Natural gas
Fuel processor
H2 gas
DC electricity
DC/AC ConverterAC electricity
Backup water heaterA
ir
Components of residential PEFCComponents of residential PEFC
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Road Map of Residential Road Map of Residential PEFC Development PEFC Development
Road Map of Residential Road Map of Residential PEFC Development PEFC Development
Introduction phase
Development phase Penetration
phase
2005 2009
Large Scale Demonstration
DeregulationCodes & Standards
Subsidy for Market
Penetration
Technology Development Support Program
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Energy Companies - Market Research- Conceptual design for increase of market acceptance- Risk Management
Energy Companies - Market Research- Conceptual design for increase of market acceptance- Risk Management
METI - Policy making and initiative
- Subsidization- Deregulation
- Codes and Standards
METI - Policy making and initiative
- Subsidization- Deregulation
- Codes and Standards
Manufacturers
- R&D- Production
Manufacturers
- R&D- Production
Development InitiativeDevelopment Initiative
CustomerCustomer
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JGA’s stationary PEFC testing programJGA’s stationary PEFC testing program“Millennium project” (2000 - ) “Millennium project” (2000 - ) subsidized by NEDOsubsidized by NEDO
JGA: Japan Gas Association
Test Facility
PEFC systems testing related to safety, performance etc.
>Deregulation
>Codes and standards
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Large-Scale Stationary Fuel Cell DemonstrationLarge-Scale Stationary Fuel Cell DemonstrationProject (JFY 2005-2008) Project (JFY 2005-2008) conducted by METI/NEDO/NEFconducted by METI/NEDO/NEF
Large-Scale Stationary Fuel Cell DemonstrationLarge-Scale Stationary Fuel Cell DemonstrationProject (JFY 2005-2008) Project (JFY 2005-2008) conducted by METI/NEDO/NEFconducted by METI/NEDO/NEF
>Demonstrator Pair of a PEFC manufacturer and a fuel
supplier
>Applicable fuel cells 1kW class fuel cells
>Subsidy
>Total number of demonstration
JFY 2005 2006 2007 2008
\/system 6 million 4.5 million 3.5 million 2.2 million
JFY 2005 2006 2007 2008
Total 400 777 930 1120
TG 150 160 210 276
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EbaraPana-soni
cEneos Celltec
h (Sanyo) Toshiba Toyota Total
City
Gas
Tokyo gas 265 255 520
Osaka gas 4 114 106 224
Toho gas 25 13 52 90
Saibu gas 20 13 33
Hokkaido gas 20 20
Nippon gas 6 6
subtotal 330 285 114 112 52 893
LP
Gas
Nippon oil 610 610
Other 9companies
25 433 458
subtotal 635 433 1068
Kero-sene
Nippon oil 221 221
Cosmo oil 5 5
subtotal 226 226
Total 556 285 749 545 52 2187
Players in the Large-scale demonstration project (JFY2005-2007)Players in the Large-scale demonstration project (JFY2005-2007)
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Residential PEFC CHPsResidential PEFC CHPs
ENEOS celltech(former SANYO)
TOSHIBA FCP EBARA MATSUSHITA(Panasonic)
TOYOTA
Natural gas/ LPG750W
Natural gas/ LPG700W
Natural gas/ Kerosene
1,000WNatural gas
1,000W
Natural gas
1,000W
Source : NEF Home Page
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.
Ebara Ballard Corp.
Rated power: 1kW
Efficiency*(electricity): 37%
(heat recovery): 50%
(overall) : 87%
Turndown ratio: 30%
Hot water storage: 200L
Fuel: City gas (13A)
Specification of residential PEFC Specification of residential PEFC of Tokyo Gas of Tokyo Gas -LIFUEL--LIFUEL-
Specification of residential PEFC Specification of residential PEFC of Tokyo Gas of Tokyo Gas -LIFUEL--LIFUEL-
*LHV basis
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Role of Tokyo Gas in Residential FC Development
Trouble shooting 、 MaintenanceCustomer
support
Establishment of concept and specification
In-house R&D: Fuel processor, Operation
control
Evaluation through operation tests and field
trials
Easy installation, Maintainability, User manuals, etc.
Establishment of
social platform
Technical support for deregulation,
codes & standards, etc.
Product
development
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Average AC Output (W)
Ele
ctric
and
Hea
t Effi
cien
cy (
%LH
V)
Electric and Heat EfficiencyElectric and Heat Efficiency
High efficiency even at partial load in actual use
◆Electrical Efficiency, ● Heat Efficiency
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Summary of the Operation ResultsSummary of the Operation Results205 Total Average(/day)
Generation time 1015928 h 13.6 h
Supplied electricity
Amount 629 MWh 8.4 kWh
Contribution ratio
34 %
Supplied heat
Amount 937 MWh 12.5 kWh
Contribution ratio
78 %
Primary energy saving
Amount 743 MWh 9.9 kWh
Ratio 25 %
CO2 emission reduction
Amount 263 t-CO2 3.5 kg-CO2
Ratio 38 %
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SOFC based residential CHPSOFC based residential CHP
Flat tubular Cell
700W(AC) SOFC Unit
by Kyocera
Target Electrical Efficiency
:>45%LHV (@ rated power)
Higher electrical efficiency
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SOFC Demonstration Research Project SOFC Demonstration Research Project (JFY 2007-2010) (JFY 2007-2010) conducted by METI/NEDO/NEFconducted by METI/NEDO/NEF
SOFC Demonstration Research Project SOFC Demonstration Research Project (JFY 2007-2010) (JFY 2007-2010) conducted by METI/NEDO/NEFconducted by METI/NEDO/NEF
>Objectives Clarification of the issues including durability
through actual usage
>Budget \765million for JFY2007, \800million for JFY2008
>Players in JFY2007 (Operator / Manufacturer) Osaka Gas / Kyocera: 25 sites Tokyo Gas / Kyocera: 3 sites Saibu Gas / Kyocera: 1 sites Hokkaido Gas / Kyocera: 1 sites Nippon Oil / Nippon oil: 2 sites (LPG, Kerosene) TOTO / TOTO: 2sites (small commercial, 2kW)