Download - 1 Lymphatic System. 2 Functions Return fluid to general circulation Production of WBCs Immunity
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Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System
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Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System
• Functions
• Return fluid to general circulation
• Production of WBCs
• Immunity
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Lymphatic VesselsLymphatic Vessels
• Open circulatory system
• Originate blindly in tissue interstices throughout the body except CNS and those without blood supply
• Thin walled - endothelium only
• Permeable
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Lymphatic VesselsLymphatic Vessels
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Lymphatic VesselsLymphatic Vessels
• Parallel venous flow
• Asymmetrical distribution
• Two major junctions with cardiovascular system– Thoracic duct into left subclavian vein– Right lymphatic duct into right subclavian
vein
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DuctsDucts
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Lymphatic Lymphatic VesselsVessels
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Lymphatic PhysiologyLymphatic Physiology
• Movement into lymphatic capillaries function of osmotic pressure
• Valves and muscular activity assist return flow
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Lymphatic OrgansLymphatic Organs
• Lymph nodes
• Spleen
• Tonsils
• Thymus
• Diffuse tissue
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Lymph NodesLymph Nodes
• Distributed along vascular pathway
• Filter lymph
• Encapsulated by dense CT
• stroma/framework of reticular fibers, trabeculae
• Parenchyma of cortex and medulla
• Lymphocytes/t cells
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Lymph Lymph NodesNodes
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Lymph NodesLymph Nodes
• Macrophages• B lymphocytes/b cells• Multiple afferent lymphatics• Usually a single efferent exiting at
hilus/hilum• Size variable 1-25 mm, change with
infection• Secondary tumor sites via metastasis
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SpleenSpleen
• Functions
• Fetal blood development
• Store and release blood during stress
• Recycle old blood cells
• B cell maturation into plasma cells
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Spleen StructureSpleen Structure
• 12 cm oval body in left hypochondriac region
• Splenic artery and vein enter at hilus
• Covered with peritoneum
• Structure similar to lymph node
• Parenchyma of two types
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Spleen StructureSpleen Structure
• Red pulp
• Blood filled venous sinuses
• Splenic cords/Billroth’s cords
• White pulp
• Lymphocyte production
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TonsilsTonsils
• Aggregated lymph nodes
• Concentrated in Waldeyer’s tonsilar ring– Lingual– Palatine– Pharyngeal/adenoid
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ThymusThymus
• In superior mediastinum• Two lobes• Surrounded by CT capsule• Cortex = reticular fibers + lymphocytes• Medulla - epithelial cells produce thymosin
stimulating maturation of T cells, form Hassall’s corpuscles
• Maximum size 10-12 yrs old ~ 40 grams, degenerates with age
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Diffuse Lymphatic TissueDiffuse Lymphatic Tissue
• Not encapsulated
• Widely distributed throughout body
• Found in lamina propria of digestive tract, respiratory, urinary and reproductive systems
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PathologyPathology
• Lymphangitis
• Lymphadenopathy
• Edema