1. Climate Change & Renewable Energy
2. Historical Developments 3. Moern !echnology ". #enetration o$ %in Energy
Dr. Dharshana Mthmni 'eptember 2(()
 
 Manitoba HVDC Research Centre
CLIMATE CHANGE AND RENEWABLE ENERGY E*tract $rom a E+,-'H HER!/,E report
 
 Manitoba HVDC Research Centre
/lthogh climate change is a natral an constant process there is a strong scienti$ic an political consenss internationally an within the 56 that the crrent increase in average temperatres reslts mainly $rom increasing atmospheric concentrations o$ carbon
io*ie an other greenhose gases an that these increasing concentrations are the reslt in part at least o$ hman in$lences. !here is also general agreement that average temperatres are liely to rise even $aster particlarly in the secon hal$ o$ this
centry nless action is taen to limit an rece greenhose gas emissions. 5ner the terms o$ the 6yoto #rotocol the 56 plege to rece greenhose gas emissions by 12.7 per cent below 1))( levels by 2((8912 with a $rther nertaing to rece C:2
 
RENEWABLE ENERGY !he Earth0s climate is changing
,lobally all o$ the 1( warmest years on recor have occrre since the beginning o$ the 1))(s
Climate change is a natral an constant process bt increasing atmospheric concentrations o$ greenhose gases has in$lence the process
 
 Manitoba HVDC Research Centre
 
WIND !R"INE#  Rapily avancing in technology
o  Ratings increase $rom 2(( % to 3 M% ;< M% emerging= in the last ecae
o  :ver 3( m blae rais o  Close to 1(( m tower heights
 %in $arms integrate to the main gri
 -an sites an o$$ shore sites
 !echnology is avancing
o  %ater pmping o  ,rain grining
 
o /tomate tracing in the 1@((s
 Variable spee operation in 1@((s
/merican win mill o$ late 18((s
 
 Manitoba HVDC Research Centre
 !he $irst se o$ a large winmill 9 :hio1888
 Rotor 1@ meters in iameter
 -arge tail hinge to trn the rotor ot o$ the win
 >irst winmill to incorporate a step4 p gearbo* ;ratio 7(?1=
 DC generator operate at 7(( rpm
1888? Arsh win trbine
 
However:
Ay 1)2(s air plane instry in$lence the win blae esigns
o  /ircra$t wing pro$iles consiere $o
win trbine blaes
 Variable spee operation in 1@((s1)@@ esign with pitch mechanisms
Early 2(th centry? Electricity a$$ecte win evelopments
 
 1(( % nit in Rssia in 1)31
1.27 M% nit in 5'/ in 1)"1 o HoriBontal a*is o 2 Alae o over 7( m rotor iameter o 1 ton rotor o 28 rpm 'ynchronos machine o >aile in 1)"7? Alaes broe o$$
e to metal $atige 1.25 MW Smith-Putnam machine
 
 Manitoba HVDC Research Centre
 n +orth /merica the win trbine evelopments slowe own a$ter the 1)3(s
 Eropean evelopments contine at an mch elevate rate
 :il crisis in the early 1)@(s inecte new li$e into win power research an evelopment
 -essons an nowlege $rom the long past was not all lost
Proposed 1970s ! tur"ine
 
Mlti Mega4%att 5nits?
 Developments starte in the late 1)8(s bt almost ie by early 1))(s.
 !he nee $or ,reen power0 ? o Developments resme in the late 1))(s.
 # $o%orado Wind &arm
:ver 1(( m Diameter
:ver 17( m tall
'ophisticate aeroynamic esign
Energy cost is ecreasing
#itching
D>, ? ,A! base
 
%in spee? " 9 17 9 27 mFs
D>, ? :pti4spee
Alae Dia? )( m
 Manitoba HVDC Research Centre
amesa - 90   /eroynamic primary brae by means o$ $ll4$eathering blaes
Hyralically4activate mechanical isc brae $or emergencies
)( V 'tator " pole machine ,ear ratio 4 1?12(.7
 material? #re4impregnate epo*y glass $ibre with carbon $ibber
 
!nercon * !+2    Direct rive synchronos generator
 
!otal Capacity ;1(3.M%= ;%orl4wie= 9 /ppro*.
 
 #enetration o$ win power presents many challenges
 ,ri integration >alts Resonance isses ;''R= Control interaction isses
 Control