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90°C R717 Heat Pumps for
district heating systems
and factory process applications
2 9.9.2009 Dr Andy Pearson 90°C R717 Heat Pumps
Dr Andy Pearson
Star Refrigeration
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�The three “whys”� Why Ammonia?
� Why not before?
� Why now?
�Case Study – District Heating
90°C R717 Heat Pumps
3 9.9.2009 Dr Andy Pearson 90°C R717 Heat Pumps
150th
�Case Study – Food Factory
�Conclusions
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�The “Fashionable” reasons -
� Zero GWP (R134a = 1300)
� Zero ODP
� Future Proof Refrigerant
Ammonia? – Why try?
4 9.9.2009 Dr Andy Pearson 90°C R717 Heat Pumps
� Future Proof Refrigerant
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�The “Business” reasons -
� Higher Efficiency
� Lower Running Costs
Ammonia? – why try?
5 9.9.2009 Dr Andy Pearson 90°C R717 Heat Pumps
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�The “Fashionable” reasons -
� R134a and R22 and CFCs work well
� R717 not suited to Centrifugal Systems
� R717 is for cooling “?”
Ammonia? - Why not before?
6 9.9.2009 Dr Andy Pearson 90°C R717 Heat Pumps
� R717 is for cooling “?”
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�The “Business” reasons -
� Pressure of R717 beyond most systems
� 90°C equals 52.5 Bar G
� The other compressors that can achieve this are
Ammonia? - Why not before?
7 9.9.2009 Dr Andy Pearson 90°C R717 Heat Pumps
� The other compressors that can achieve this are
small or need lots of service.
� Supply and ∴ demand both near zero
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�It is possible
�It delivers higher value
� A compressor rated at 76 Bar
� We only need 63 Bar
Ammonia? - Why now?
Recent Compressor development
8 9.9.2009 Dr Andy Pearson 90°C R717 Heat Pumps
� We only need 63 Bar
� Balanced forces = durability!
� The efficiency is better than R134a
Recent Compressor development
offers high pressure compressors
with balanced radial and axial
forces suitable for condensing
ammonia at 95oC
Picture courtesy of Vilter Mfg Corp
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�Excellent refrigerant!
Ammonia? - Why now?
A B C DE
9 9.9.2009 Dr Andy Pearson 90°C R717 Heat Pumps
A = subcooling
B = condensing
C = desuperheating
D = oil cooling
E = more subcool
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�Excellent refrigerant!
Ammonia? - Why now?
A B C DE
10 9.9.2009 Dr Andy Pearson 90°C R717 Heat Pumps
A = subcooling
B = condensing
C = desuperheating
D = oil cooling
E = more subcool
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The Limits?
�Process Heating + 90°C
�Process Cooling - 40°C
�5MW Packs
�Turndown to 10%
11 9.9.2009 Dr Andy Pearson 90°C R717 Heat Pumps
�Renewable Heat
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90°C 15 MW District Heating
�CoP> 3.0
� Heating + 90°C
� Cooling +8/4°C
� 5MW Packs
� Turndown to 10%
� Future Proof
12 9.9.2009 Dr Andy Pearson 90°C R717 Heat Pumps
� Future Proof
� Similar Capital Cost
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60°C Food Factory
�CoP> 4.5
� Renewable Heat Incentives
� Heating + 65°C
� Scavenge Rejected Heat
� Turndown to 10%
� 60% Cost of gas heating
13 9.9.2009 Dr Andy Pearson 90°C R717 Heat Pumps
� 60% Cost of gas heating
� 0.5MW Packs to 1.5MW
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60°C Food Factory
14 9.9.2009 Dr Andy Pearson 90°C R717 Heat Pumps
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Conclusions
�High Temperature Heat Pumps are
� Proven Technology
� Favourable Costs
� Future Proof
� Low Carbon
15 9.9.2009 Dr Andy Pearson 90°C R717 Heat Pumps
� Low Carbon
� Retrofit
� Expansion
� New build
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