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Overview of the ABAPDictionarySrinivasulu Nettem
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Overview of the ABAP Dictionary
Definition and functions of the ABAP Dictionary
Basic objects of the ABAP Dictionary
The Database Utility
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What is a Data Dictionary?
Data
Dictionary
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No Redundant Data Definitions
Functions of the ABAP Dictionary
Integration with the ABAP
Workbench
Data
Dictionary
Data Integrity
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Data Integrity
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No Redundant Data Definitions
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Integration with the ABAP Workbench
Data
Dictionary
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Database Utility
Data
Dictionary
DatabaseUtility
DatabaseDatabase
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Data Modeling
What is data modeling?
Entities, attributes, & entity types
Data modeling vs. ABAP Dictionary terminology
Relationships and relationship types
Cardinality
Optionality
Category
Data model hierarchies Linking a data model to dictionary objects
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Data Dictionary
Real World
What is Data Modeling?
DataData
DictionaryDictionary
Data Model
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Uses of a Data Model
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EntityEntityCustomer
Basic Components of a Data Model
AttributeAttribute
30 S. 17th St.
Entity TypeEntity Type
Order
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Entity
Customer
Order
Product
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Attribute
J. ElkinsJ. Elkins
Customer30 S. 17th St.30 S. 17th St.30 S. 17th St.30 S. 17th St.
215-555-8000215-555-8000215-555-8000215-555-8000
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Entity Type
Order
CustomerProduct
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Data Modeler/ABAP Dictionary Terminology
Data Modeler ABAP DictionaryCustomer: entity record
Customer address: attribute field
Customers: entity type table
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Customer
Order
Relationships between Entities
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One - to - Many
Many - to - ManyOne - to - One
Cardinality
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Order
Order Lines
1 1 A26Order # Qty
Part #
1 3 C589
2 1 A26
Many-to-Many Relationships
Primary Key: Order Number
Primary Key: Product Number
Primary Keys: Order NumberProduct Number
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?
Customer Order
?Customer
Optionality
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Dependent Entity Type
Referenced Entity Type
Customer ID Name Address . . .
Order ID Date of Order Customer ID . . .
Customer
Order
Referenced
Dependent
Referenced and Dependent Entity Types
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SAP Graphic Notation
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Customers Orders
Example Using Graphic Notation
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Professors
Students
Practice Using Graphic Notation I
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Professors
Students
Practice Using Graphic Notation II
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StudentsEnrolmentRecords
Courses
Practice Using Graphic Notation III
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1
C
N
CN
1
C
N
CN
1
C
1
C
nn :: mmnn :: mm
SAP Text Notation
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Customers Orders
1 CN:
Example Using Text Notation
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Students
Professors
:
Practice Using Text Notation I
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Students
Professors
:
Practice Using Text Notation II
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StudentsEnrolmentRecords
Courses
:
Practice Using Text Notation III
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Referential
Hierarchical
Aggregating
?
Conditional-Referential
Specialisation
Category
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Student
Key:Student ID Number Enrollment Record
Key:Student ID Number
Course NumberCourse
Key:Course Number
Relationship Category: Aggregating
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Department
Key:Department Number
Professor
Key:Professor Number
Relationship Category: Referential
Relationship Categor
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Department
Key:Department Number
Professor
Key:Professor Number
Relationship Category:Conditional-Referential
Relationship Category
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Business Customer
Key:ID Number
Customer
Key:ID Number
Relationship Category:Specialisation
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GeneralAccounting
Chart ofAccounts
Currency
FI
. . .
..
.
..
.
Data Model Hierarchies and the SAP EDM
Linking a Data Model to ABAP Dictionary
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DataData
DictionaryDictionary
Data Model
Linking a Data Model to ABAP DictionaryObjects
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ABAP Dictionary Objects
Tables
Data Elements
Domains
Using a Table in an ABAP Program
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Accessing the ABAP Dictionary
Data
Dictionary
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Basic Objects of the ABAPData Dictionary
Table CTable BTable A
Data Element 1 Data Element 2
DomainDomain
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Tables
TABLE KNA1TABLE KNA1(Customers)(Customers)
Name 1 ORT 02MANDT KUNNRTable: KNA1Table: KNA1Table: KNA1Table: KNA1
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Create a Table
Table maintenance attribute
Enter a description (short text).Maintain delivery class
Maintain field attributes in Fields tab
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Two-Level Domain Concept
Data Element 1 Data Element 2
DomainDomain
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Data Elements
Table BTable A
Data Element 1
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Pre-Defined Data Elements
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Data Element Documentation
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Create Data Element
Enter a description (short text).Enter domain name.
intain field labels and column headers in the Field Label tab
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Domains
Table ATable A
Data ElementsData Elements
DomainDomain
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Characteristics of Domains
Table ATable A
Data ElementsData Elements
DomainDomain
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Allowed Values
Value Table
DomainDomain DomainDomain
January
February
March.......
December
fi f i ll d l
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validvalues
invalidvalues
Benefits of Using Allowed Values
C D i
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Create a Domain
Enter a description (short text).
Enter data type and length.
Explicit Values, Intervalsor
a value table may be
enteredIn the Value ran e tab
U i T bl i P C d
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Using a Table in Program Code
TABLES:YEMPLOY.
SELECT *FROM YEMPLOY.
WRITE:/ YEMPLOY_IDYEMPLOY_NAME
YEMPLOY_SALARY
ENDSELECT.
F i K R l ti hi
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Foreign Key Relationships
Definition & Uses of Foreign Keys
Prerequisites for Constructing Foreign Key Relationships
Key Terminology Cardinality and Foreign Key Field Types
Foreign Keys with Multiple Fields
D fi iti f F i K
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Definition of Foreign Keys
U f F i K
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Uses of Foreign Keys
Maintain data integrity
Provide help texts
Create aggregate dictionary objects
Prerequisites for Constructing
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e equ s es o Co s uc gForeign Key Relationships The foreign key field and the primary key of the check table must share the same domain.
A value table must exist for that domain.
F i K K T i l
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Check TableCheck Table
Value TableValue Table
Foreign Keys: Key Terminology
Foreign Key TableForeign Key Table
Foreign Key Terminology:
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CheckTable
Value
Table
g y gyCheck Table = Value Table
Foreign Key Terminology:
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g y gyCheck Table Value Table
Check
Table
Valu
eTable
E bli hi F i K
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Data
Dictionary
Establishing a Foreign KeyRelationship in the ABAP Dictionary
Cardinality
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Cardinality
nn :: mmnn :: mm1
C
1
C
N
CN
Foreign Key Field Type
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Course Enrolment
STUDENT_ID ?
Foreign Key Field Type
Check Table: Students
Foreign Key Table: Course Enrolment
Foreign Key Type:
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g y ypKey Fields or Key Field Candidates
Faculty Course
Foreign Key Type:
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g y ypKey Fields of a Text Table
T005(Country Codes)
(T002)
(Language Codes)
T005T(Country descriptions)
Foreign Key Type:
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Non-Key Field Candidates
Course
Professor
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Foreign key push-button
Creating a Foreign Key Relationship
Maintaining a Foreign Key Relationships
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Enter a description (short text).
Maintain cardinality n : m
Maintain foreignkey type
Check table(defaults tovalue table)
Attributes
Foreign Keys with Multiple Fields
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Foreign Keys with Multiple Fields
Field-By-Field Assignment
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Check TableCheck Table
Field-By-Field Assignment
Foreign Key TableForeign Key Table
Partial Foreign Keys
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Partial Foreign Keys
Constant Foreign Keys
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Constant Foreign Keys
BIO
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ABAP Dictionary Tables
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in Relational Databases SAP Table Types
Technical Settings
Indexes
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Transparent TablesT TRANSP
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Type = TRANSP
Master DataMaster Data
Table Types TRANSPi th D t b
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in the Database
DB
PROFILE
Mapping a Table of Type INTTAB
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Mapping a Table of Type INTTAB
DB xx
PROFILE
Pool and Cluster Tables: Overview
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Pool and Cluster Tables: Overview
Pool Table Cluster TableCluster Table
Technical Settings
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MasterTransaction
Organization &Customizing
User
Technical Settings
Data class
Number of data records inDB storage
Single records,
generic, full, notbuffered
on or off
Size category
Buffering
Log data changes
Data Class
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Master data User data
Data Class
Organization andCustomizing data
Transaction data
DB
Size Categories
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g
Buffering Type
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g yp
None
Single Record Generic
Full
KF1 KF2 KF3 F4 F5 F6 KF1 KF2 KF3 F4 F5 F6
KF1 KF2 KF3 F4 F5 F6
Logging
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gg g
Maintaining Technical Settings
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g g
Index
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Database Utility
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ABAPABAPDictionar
Dictionaryy
DB
y
Adding Structures
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g
Substructures
Customizing Includes
Append Structures
Including Structures in Tables
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Table XYZ
.INCLUDE CI_XXX
Table T
.APPEND ZAT
Table YCUSTAB
.INCLUDE YSTRUC
Append StructuresAppend Structures
SubstructuresSubstructures Customizing IncludesCustomizing Includes
Customer Tables SAPTables
SAP Tables
Field 1Field 1Field 2Field 2......Field nField n
g
Substructure
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YS-F1 YS-F2 YS-F3...
TableTable FieldField Data elementData elementYT2YT2 S1S1
(TRANSP)(TRANSP) S2S2
F1F1
TableTable FieldField Data elementData element
YT1YT1 S1S1
(TRANSP)(TRANSP) S2S2
F1F1
.INCLUDE YS
.INCLUDE YS
YS
Customizing Include
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CI_XXX
TableTable FieldField Data elementData element
XYZXYZ S1S1F1F1. . .. . .
FnFn
TableTable FieldField Data elementData element
XYZXYZ S1S1F1F1. . .. . .
FnFn
.INCLUDE CI_XXX
CI_XXX-F1CI_XXX-F2 CI_XXX-F3
Append Structure
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ZAT-F1 ZAT-F2 ZAT-F3
TableTable FieldField Data elementData element
TT S1S1F1F1. . .. . .
FnFn
.APPEND ZAT
ZAT
ABAP RepositoryInformation System
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Information System The Repository Information System
Object Searches (Find)
Use of Objects in Objects (Where-Used) Searching for Objects Outside the Dictionary
ABAP Repository Info System: Typical Queries
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ABAPABAPDictionaryDictionary
Find (Object Search)Find (Object Search)
Find all objects ofFind all objects oftype A withtype A with
attributes X, Y, Z.attributes X, Y, Z.
Where-used listsWhere-used lists
Find all objects ofFind all objects oftype A that usetype A that use
object Bobject B
ABAP Repository: Initial Screen
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Find: Selection Screen
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Enter a singleEnter a single
value forvalue forthe searchthe search
attributes orattributes oruse the arrowuse the arrowpush-buttonspush-buttons
for selectionfor selectionoptionsoptions
Use the All SelectionsUse the All Selectionspushbutton to limit search criteriapushbutton to limit search criteria
on other object attributeson other object attributes
Selection Options
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Simplified Selection (single values)
=
>