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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
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Function
The function of the respiratory system is gas exchange. It makes sure the body has a steady supply of oxygen while it disposes of carbon dioxide.
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Respiratory Processes
Ventilation: exchange of gases between the outside and the lungs
External respiration: exchange of gases between
the lungs and the blood Internal respiration: exchange of gases between
the blood and the tissues Cellular respiration: reaction of oxygen and
glucose to produce energy, water and carbon dioxide
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1. nasal cavity2. nose3. mouth4. bronchi5. bronchiole6. alveolus7. diaphragm8. epiglottis9. trachea10. left lung11. ribs
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Parts
Nasal Cavity: Space inside the nose Pharynx: Joint passage for air and
food Epiglottis: Flap of tissue that
prevents objects from entering trachea
Trachea: Semi-rigid tube lined with rings of cartilage
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Parts
Larynx: the voice box Alveoli: Site of gas exchange
(external respiration) Diaphragm: Dome-shaped muscle
used in breathing
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Ventilation
Ventilation is the exchange of gases between the outside and the lungs. During inhalation, the diaphragm (and intercostal muscles) contract. This increases the volume of the lungs. The pressure inside the lung drops and air moves into the lungs.
During exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes.
This decreases the volume of the lungs. The air pressure inside the lungs increases and air moves out.
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Diseases
Asthma: narrowing of the bronchi causes coughing wheezing and difficulty breathing
Tuberculosis: bacterial infection causing fever, sweats and spitting blood
Bronchitis: lung infection causing coughing, mucus production, narrowing of bronchi
Pneumonia: lung infection in which alveoli become filled. Cough and chest pain
Rhinitis: inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose