![Page 1: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses) are induced at the bottom or top of the slab • Frictional stresses – Due to the contraction of slab due to shrinkage or
due to drop in temperature tensile stresses are induced at the middle portion of the slab • Wheel Load Stresses – CC slab is subjected to flexural stresses due to the wheel loads
![Page 3: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Temperature Steel •Temperature steel is provided in the form of
wire fabric or bar mats at mid depth and isdiscontinued at joints.
•This temperature steel does not increase thestructural capacity of the slab
•Temperature steel is used to increase thespacing of contraction joints
•Temperature steel ties the cracked concretetogether and maintains load transfer throughaggregate interlock
![Page 24: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Computations using Influence Charts
These charts can be used for any shape of contact area and any wheel/axle/gear configurationThe bending moment is obtained about point O in the direction n.
The contact areas are to be drawn to the scale shown and the number of blocks (N) with in the contact areas are counted from the respective charts.
![Page 26: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The design methods are classified to three main groups as follows:
1. Theoretical methods; 2. Empirical methods; 3. Empirical-theoretical
methods.
![Page 33: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Design of joints
1 - Expansion joints The purpose of the expansion joint is to allow
the expansion of the pavement due to rise in temperature with respect to construction temperature.
![Page 34: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
2 - Contraction joints The purpose of the contraction joint is to allow the
contraction of the slab due to fall in slab temperature below
the construction temperature.
![Page 35: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Dowel bars The purpose of the dowel bar is to
evectively transfer the load between two concrete slabs and to keep the two
slabs in same height. The dowel bars are provided in the direction of the traffic (longitudinal). The design
considerations are: * Mild steel rounded bars, * bonded on one side and free on other
side
![Page 36: Temperature Stresses – Due to the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the slab, curling stresses (similar to bending stresses)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c895503460f94941d27/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Tie bars In contrast to dowel bars, tie bars are
not load transfer devices, but serve as a means to tie two slabs. Hence, tie bars must be deformed or hooked and must be firmly anchored into the concrete to function properly. They are smaller than dowel bars and placed at large intervals. They are provided across longitudinal joints.