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Today
•Social GeographyRace & EthnicityReligion
© T. M. Whitmore
Questions?
•R to U migration?
•Social class/income wealth
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Race & Ethnicity
•Colonial legacy of population holocaust, slavery, and miscegenation
•Post-colonial migrations — much in 19th CenturyAsianEuropean
•=> complex map
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Current ethnic distributions• Current spatial distributions
Afro-American (Latin Americans are “Americans,” too) Brazil Caribbean (Garifuna)
Amerindian Former high culture areas of
Mesoamerica and AndesMestizo: Mexico & CA; BrazilEuro-American: Costa Rica; Southern Cone
Garifuna
Garifuna
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore
Race in Latin America
•Racial mixing – but Euro-prestige
•Racial “bleaching”
•Racism
•“Social” racesBut see TV
• Indigenismo & Négritude
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore
Catholic Heritage I•Spanish Catholic roots
•Spiritual conquest — an integral part of the conquest of the Americas
•Legacy of Church’s history in Latin AmericaIdentified with power/economic eliteReform in form of liberation theology
=> oppression of the poor is a sin
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Catholic Heritage II• Overwhelmingly people say “soy Catholico”
= “I am a Catholic” Church attendance is often lowBut presence is everywhere
• “Folk” Catholicism — merging of Roman Catholic ritual and beliefs with indigenous (Amerindian) beliefs
• Roman Catholic beliefs have merged with various African religious traditions in the Caribbean and Brazil especially
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore
© Pearson Education – Prentice Hall
Obatala known as the parent of the Orishas and all human kind. The saint he represents is "Our lady of Mercy“
© 2005-2006 www.santeriareligion101.com
Lukumi (Santería) Altar©2000 Latitude International Products
© T. M. Whitmore
Religion: Non-Catholic
• Hindu and Islam — imported with indentured labor to Suriname, Guiana, Trinidad & Tobago mostly (but minorities in all of the Caribbean)
• Judaism — accompanied 1st migrants from Spain (conversos)
• Evangelical Protestants Protestants outlawed in
Spanish/Portuguese colonial timesVery rapid growth in past few decades~40% of Guatemala~1/3 of Brazil
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Inter-Personal socio-cultural traits
• Machismo — men in control of their lives and the lives of others in their lives
• Marianismo — roughly the inverse of machismo (from the idea that the ideal woman resembles Mary in her virtue and purity)
• Role conflict (e.g., casas chicas)
• “Personalismo” — much of social, economic, indeed all life in LA depends on social/family ties & personal spheres of influence and obligation
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore