RNB 6 The beta-beam study group
The Beta-beamhttp://beta-beam.web.cern.ch/beta-beam/
Mats Lindroos on behalf of the
The beta-beam study group
RNB 6 The beta-beam study group
CERN: -beam
baseline scenario
PS
Decay
RingISOL target & Ion source
SPL
Cyclotrons, linac or FFAG
Decay ring
Brho = 1500 Tm
B = 5 T
Lss = 2500 m
SPS
ECR
Rapid cycling synchrotron
MeV 86.1 Average
MeV 937.1 Average
189
1810
63
62
cms
cms
E
eFeNe
E
eLiHe
Nuclear Physics
,
,
RNB 6 The beta-beam study group
Beam parameters in the
decay ring18Neon10+ (single target)– Intensity: 4.5x1012 ions – Energy: 55 GeV/u– Rel. gamma: 60– Rigidity: 335 Tm
• The neutrino beam at the experiment should have the “time stamp” of the circulating beam in the decay ring.
• The beam has to be concentrated to as few and as short bunches as possible to maximize the number of ions/nanosecond. (background suppression)
6Helium2+
– Intensity: 1.0x1014 ions – Energy: 139
GeV/u– Rel. gamma: 150– Rigidity: 1500 Tm
RNB 6 The beta-beam study group
Layout very similar to planned EURISOL converter target aiming for 1015 fissions per s.
66He production by He production by 99Be(n,a)Be(n,a)
Converter technology: (J. Nolen, NPA 701 (2002) 312c)
RNB 6 The beta-beam study group
Scenario 1Scenario 1
• Spallation of close-by target nuclides:18,19Ne from MgO and 34,35Ar in CaO
– Production rate for 18Ne is 1x1012 s-1 (with 2.2 GeV 100 A proton
beam, cross-sections of some mb and a 1 m long oxide target of 10%
theoretical density)
– 19Ne can be produced with one order of magnitude higher intensity
but the half life is 17 seconds!
Scenario 2Scenario 2
• alternatively use (,n) and (3He,n) reactions:
12C(3,4He,n)14,15O, 16O(3,4He,n)18,19Ne, 32S(3,4He,n)34,35Ar
– Intense 3,4He beams of 10-100 mA 50 MeV are required
Production of Production of ++ emitters emitters
RNB 6 The beta-beam study group
60-90 GHz « ECR Duoplasmatron » for
gaseous RIBVery high density
magnetized plasmane ~ 1014 cm-3
2.0 – 3.0 T pulsed coils or SC coils
60-90 GHz / 10-100 KW10 –200 µs / = 6-3 mm
optical axial coupling
optical radial coupling(if gas only)
1-3 mm100 KV
extractionUHF windowor « glass » chamber (?)
Target
Rapid pulsed valve
20 – 100 µs20 – 200 mA
1012 to 1013 ions per bunchwith high efficiency
Very small plasmachamber ~ 20 mm / L ~ 5 cm
Arbitrary distanceif gas
Moriond meeting:
Pascal Sortais et al.
LPSC-Grenoble
RNB 6 The beta-beam study group
Overview:
Accumulation
• Sequential filling of 16 buckets in the PS from the storage ring
RNB 6 The beta-beam study group
SPS
Overview: Decay ring
• Ejection to matched dispersion trajectory
• Asymmetric bunch merging
SPSSPS
RNB 6 The beta-beam study group
Asymmetric bunch
merging
60 40 20 0 20 40 60ns
4
2
0
2
4
MeV
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
A
4014
3014
2014
1014 0
eVe
0 5 10 15 20 25Iterations
0
8.17 1011
esVe
rms 0.0585 eVs BF 0.16
matched 0.298 eVs Ne 1.57 1011
2 prmsp 1.2 103 fs0;1 822;790 Hz
60 40 20 0 20 40 60ns
4
2
0
2
4
MeV
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
A
4014
3014
2014
1014 0
eVe
0 5 10 15 20 25Iterations
0
8.1 1011
esVe
rms 0.0639 eVs BF 0.168
matched 0.323 eVs Ne 1.6 1011
2 prmsp 1.25 103 fs0;1 823;790 Hz
125 100 75 50 25 0 25 50ns7.5
5
2.5
0
2.5
5
7.5
MeV
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
A
4014
3014
2014
1014 0
eVe
0 5 10 15 20 25Iterations
0
8.52 1011
esVe
rms 0.0583 eVs BF 0.14
matched 0.317 eVs Ne 1.63 1011
2 prmsp 1.34 103 fs0;1 0;1060 Hz
100 75 50 25 0 25 50 75ns4
2
0
2
4
MeV
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
A
6014
5014
4014
3014
2014
1014 0
eVe
0 10 20 30 40 50Iterations
0
8.16 1011
esVe
rms 0.0593 eVs BF 0.224
matched 0.333 eVs Ne 1.56 1011
2 prmsp 8.5 104 fs0;1 0;415 Hz
RNB 6 The beta-beam study group
Decay losses• Losses during acceleration are being
studied:– Full FLUKA simulations in progress for all
stages (M. Magistris, CERN-TIS)– Preliminary results:
• Can be managed in low energy part• PS will be heavily activated
– New fast cycling PS?• SPS OK!• Full FLUKA simulations of decay ring losses:
– Tritium and Sodium production surrounding rock well below national limits
– Reasonable requirements of concreting of tunnel walls to enable decommissioning of the tunnel and fixation of Tritium and Sodium
A. Jansson
RNB 6 The beta-beam study group
SC magnets• Dipoles can be built
with no coils in the path of the decaying particles to minimize peak power density in superconductor– The losses have been
simulated and a first dipole design has been proposed
S. Russenschuck, CERN
RNB 6 The beta-beam study group
Tunnels and Magnets• Civil engineering costs: Estimate of 400 MCHF for 1.3%
incline (13.9 mrad)– Ringlenth: 6850 m, Radius=300 m, Straight sections=2500 m
• Magnet cost: First estimate at 100 MCHF
FLUKA simulated losses in surrounding rock (no public health implications)
RNB 6 The beta-beam study group
IntensitiesStage 6He 18Ne (single
target)
From ECR source: 2.0x1013 ions per second
0.8x1011 ions per second
Storage ring: 1.0x1012 ions per bunch
4.1x1010 ions per bunch
Fast cycling synch: 1.0x1012 ion per bunch 4.1x1010 ion per bunch
PS after acceleration:
1.0x1013 ions per batch 5.2x1011 ions per batch
SPS after acceleration:
0.9x1013 ions per batch 4.9x1011 ions per batch
Decay ring: 2.0x1014 ions in four 10 ns long bunch
9.1x1012 ions in four 10 ns long bunch
Only -decay losses accounted for, add efficiency losses (50%)
RNB 6 The beta-beam study group
Conclusions• Physics:
– Super beam, beta-beam and FREJUS: WORLD unique– Low energy beta-beam: Nuclear Physics!
• Design study proposal as part of EURISOL is now being prepared– You are welcome to join (contact
[email protected] or [email protected])
• New ideas are being further studied and could give very important improvements to the physics reach
• Workshop on Exploring the Impact of New Neutrino Beams, ECT*, Trento, Italy, 18-22 October 2004, (C. Volpe, J. Bouchez, M. Lindroos, M. Mezzetto, T. Nilsson)
RNB 6 The beta-beam study group
Collaborators• The beta-beam study group:
– CEA, France: Jacques Bouchez, Saclay, Paris Olivier Napoly, Saclay, Paris Jacques Payet, Saclay, Paris
– CERN, Switzerland: Michael Benedikt, AB Peter Butler, EP Roland Garoby, AB Steven Hancock, AB Ulli Koester, EP Mats Lindroos, AB Matteo Magistris, TIS Thomas Nilsson, EP Fredrik Wenander, AB
– Geneva University, Switzerland: Alain Blondel Simone Gilardoni– GSI, Germany: Oliver Boine-Frankenheim B. Franzke R. Hollinger
Markus Steck Peter Spiller Helmuth Weick – IFIC, Valencia: Jordi Burguet Juan-Jose Gomez-Cadenas Pilar Hernandez – IN2P3, France: Bernard Laune, Orsay, Paris Alex Mueller, Orsay, Paris
Pascal Sortais, Grenoble Antonio Villari, GANIL, CAEN Cristina Volpe, Orsay, Paris
– INFN, Italy: Alberto Facco, Legnaro Mauro Mezzetto, Padua Vittorio Palladino, Napoli Andrea Pisent, Legnaro Piero Zucchelli, Sezione di Ferrara
– Louvain-la-neuve, Belgium: Thierry Delbar Guido Ryckewaert UK: Marielle Chartier, Liverpool university Chris Prior, RAL and Oxford university
– Uppsala university, The Svedberg laboratory, Sweden: Dag Reistad
– Associate: Rick Baartman, TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada Andreas Jansson, Fermi lab, USA