4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Source: OECD
Other Fibre/LAN Cable DSL
OECD average
Broadband Statics in OECD
OECD Fixed broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, by technology, June 2013
5
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Dedicated mobile data subscriptions
Standard mobile broadband subscriptions
Terrestrial fixed wireless
Satellite
OECD wireless broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, by technology, June 2013
Broadband Statics in OECD
8
광 가입자 망 개요
xDSL
광 LAN
DSLAM
Metro Aggregation S/W
FES L3 S/W
SER
TDM TDM
OLT ONT
MD
RN
ONT RN OLT
Speed Optical Access Network Metro Network Core Network
20km 100km 1000km
10Mbps
100Mbps
10Gbps
Coverage
DU
RU
PGW
FTTH
NG Access
Mobile Fronthaul Biz. Subscriber
100Gbps
SGW
BRAS
5G Packet Core
EPC
SER
DSL: Digital Subscriber’s Line, EPC: Evolved Packet Core, FTTH: Fiber-To-The-Home, FES: Fast Ethernet Switch, RN: Remote Node, ONT: Optical Network Terminal, OLT: Optical Link Termination, RU: Radio Unit, SER: Service Edge Router
9
광 가입자 기술 로드맵
Trend 1: 액세스망의 고속화, 광역화, 고품질화 및 융합화 방향으로 기술 진화
Trend 2: TDM에서 품질 보장이 가능한 WDM, TWDM에 이어 SDN 기반 Adaptive PON 기술로 진화
Trend 3: Legacy PON 수용하는 하이브리드 플랫폼, 무선 액세스망 수용하는 융합 플랫폼으로 진화
FTTH
EPON
2005 2010
Wired-Wireless Converged
2000 2015 연대
서비스
TDM
WDM
FDM
GPON
Injection Seeding
OFDMA-PON
1.25Gbps (2.5Gbps) 10Gbps 10Mbps 속도
물리계층 기술
100Mbps
2020~
40Gbps
40G TDM-PON
NG-PON1
NG-PON2
NG-PON3
Coherent PON
OFDM-TDM-PON
OFDM-WDMA-PON
Array/Tunable WDM-PON
WDM/TDM Hybrid PON TWDM-PON
10G EPON
XG-PON
FDM: Frequency Division Multiplexing, TDM: Time Division Multiplexing, WDM: Wavelength Division Multiplexing, NG-PON: Next Generation Passive Optical Network, EPON: Ethernet PON, GPON: Gigabit Capable PON, FTTH: Fiber-To-The-Home, XG-PON: 10G GPON, TWDM-PON: Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexing PON, OFDMA-PON: Optical Frequency Division Multiplexing Access PON, SDP: Software Defined Photonics
10
광 가입자 기술 수요 Mobile fronthaul/backhaul
Business service application
Data Center
CO consolidation
데이터센터 규모= 90km2
광섬유 길이 = 6,400km Rack 당 용량 = 100TB 매일 증설되는 서버 수 > 1,000
Typical reach is 100‐125 meters but trending toward 300‐400 meters for big data centers. The remaining 5% are long reach lengths spanning the data center or campus network from 400 meters to 1.5 km.
100G LR4 - $11,000(10km) 100G SR10- $1,500(100m)
10G EPON 및 대용량 OLT(1T급) 도입으로 광역화 수요 발생(KT)
“…45% of respondents plan to use RU and with it the CPRI protocol for “fronthaul,” that is, fiber-connecting a group of RRHs from a baseband unit…”(Infonetics Research, 2014.01.)
Dater Center내 광 연결을 위해 저가형 광 트랜시버 수요 발생
Reach Extender
대용량 OLT
10G
10G
10G
40km 20km
고분기 (1:128…)
Cloud 기지국용 광 연결 수요 발생
17
NG-PON2 TWDM PON: 10G x 4ch/8ch. DS, 2.5G(10G) λ-Tunable US
WDM overlay(PtP WDM-PON): 1-10Gbps /ch
Key Requirements
• 2.5G/10G aggregate, 1 Gb/s per sub., 40 km passive reach, > 64 subs.
• Re-use of outside plant, coexistence
• Challenge: λ-tunable TX/RX ONU, wavelength management, load balancing and etc.
• Additional requirements are still under debate
Tunable ONU1
Tunable ONU2
Tunable ONU3
Tunable ONU4
Tunable ONU5
Tunable ONUN
Port1
Port2
Port8
λ1
λ2
λ8
Down: 2.5 Gb/s, 10 Gb/s
Up: 2.5 Gb/s, 10 Gb/s
20km
CEx
TWDM-PON
Port1
Port2
Port40
λ1
λ2
λ40
PtP WDM
18
ITU-T standard work related Fronthaul G.metro (Multichannel bi-directional DWDM applications with port agnostic single-channel optical interfaces)
’14.3, ITU-T SG15 approved to start G.metro as a new work item with having low-cost metro application including Fronthaul
’16.6, The recommendation will be published
14 Supporting members that are committing to contributing to the work item
BT (UK), Huawei (China), Xtera (USA), Ericsson (Sweden), Italy, ETRI (Korea), Coriant (Germany), DT (Germany), Transmode (Sweden), ZTE (China), ADVA (UK), Softbank (Japan), China Unicom (China), Fiberhome (China)
Important Features
Automatically adapt tail-end transmitter (TLD was supported strongly by multi companies in ITU-T SG15 Q.6)
OD/OMs or OADMs are included in the link
Up to 10Gb/s (channel spacing frequency spacing to be discussed)
MPI-SM
for signals
going
MPI-RM
for signals
going
RS for signals going
SS for signals going
RS
SS
RS
SS
Head-end
OD
/OM
Rx2
Tx2
RxN
TxN DWDM link
Rx
Tx
Rx
Tx
DWDM network elements Rx1
Tx1
OD
/OM
Rx
Tx Rx
Tx
SS
RS
…
OADM
22
국내 이동통신 프론트홀 구축 현황
22
Current Status of Mobile Fronthaul
DU
1
2
8 1
2
16
CWDM
Core Ring • • •
COT
RT1
9
10
16 RT2
16
8 SV
SV
10G
10G CPRI
MUX
2.5G
2.5G
2.5G
2.5G
Mobile Carriers prefer ring type COT-RT architecture with cost effective CWDM
Employing 16 CWDM wavelengths in a unit ring configuration
Requiring additional 1 wavelength for supervisory and control channel besides CPRI data channels
Current commercial LTE services need one 2.5Gbps(CPRI Option 3) channel for 1 RU
In the near future, approximately 30 Gbps optical transmission capacity will be necessary for LTE-A
Rel. 10 Spec. Accommodating only 1 RU/unit ring
CPRI
MUX
CPRI
MUX
CPRI
MUX
2.5G
2.5G
2.5G
2.5G RU3
RU2
RU1
RU4
Accommodating LTE-RU 32 ea using CPRI
MUX & CWDM DeMUX @RT1
• Current: 1x2.5 Gbps/RU
• Future: Require 122.5
(~30) Gbps /RU for LTE-A
Rel. 10 spec
8
23
IF 다중화 방식 프론트홀
RU configuration
(for 20 MHz
LTE signal)
1 FA, 3 sectors,
4x4 MIMO
1 FA, 3 sectors,
8x8 MIMO
2 FAs, 3 sectors,
8x8 MIMO
Minimum required
traffic handling
capacity
14.7456 Gb/s 29.4912 Gb/s 58.9824 Gb/s
Required number
of IF carrier
20 MHz IF carrier
12 ea
20 MHz IF carrier
24 ea
20 MHz IF carrier
48 ea
1. CPRI Line Rate = 30.72Mbps x 16 bit ADC/DAC x I/Q x 1FA x 3 Sector x 4 Antenna x 8B/10B coding = 14.74Gbps 2. CPRI Line Rate = 30.72Mbps x 16 bit ADC/DAC x I/Q x 1FA x 3 Sector x 8 Antenna x 8B/10B coding = 29.49Gbps 3. CPRI Line Rate = 30.72Mbps x 16 bit ADC/DAC x I/Q x 2FA x 3 Sector x 8 Antenna x 8B/10B coding = 58.98Gbps
25
NG-PON2(TWDM-PON) 장비 OLT/ONU
NG-PON2용 저가형(어레이 광 모듈, 파장가변) 광 트랜시버 기술
NG-PON2용 CMOS 포토닉스 기반 TOSA/ROSA 기술
10G EPON Reach Extender 기술
10 Gb/s OFDMA-PON용 실시간 광모뎀 기술
연구목표
개 념
국내 R&D 동향-NG-PON2
26
TWDM-PON OLT용 광 트랜시버(CFP형)
실시간 OFDM 광모뎀 구현 기술
CMOS 포토닉스 기반 AWG, 광 검출기 단일 집적화 기술
10G EPON Reach Extender 기술
멀티 채널 고속 전기신호 인터페이스 원천기술 확보
실시간 전송 성능 감시/측정 가
능
실시간 전송 변수의 최적화를
통한 전송 효율 극대화
변수
U of Bangore
(영국)
ETRI (한국) 비고
Real-time
물리계층 최대 전송 대역폭
11.25 Gb/s
11.99 Gb/s
고정 변조 방식 실시간 모뎀 기준 세계 최고 수준
운용 가능한 서브캐리어 수
15 EA 117 EA
망 자원의 효율적 활용
극대화
4ch COT 4ch RT
Wavelength Conversion
10Gb/s Burst-mode CDR
(Fast locking)
10Gb/s Burst-mode
Signal Detection
Legacy WDM Interconnection
58 dB Link Budget 제공 가능
기존 10Gb/s WDM 정합을 통
한 전송링크 용량 확장
WDM/TDMA기술을 통한 비즈
니스 서비스망 최적화 가능
변수
IEEE802.3bk Extended E-PON
ETRI 비고
이득 +5 +28dB 10Gb/s PBEx기술 선점 거리 40km 80km
채널 1 4 64 확장 가능
CMOS Photonics (AWG+PD) Array TIA/Driver
국내 R&D 동향-NG-PON2
27
10Gbps Silicon Modulator
[Modulator Layout] [Modulator Photo]
국내 R&D 동향-Photonic Integration
10Gbps Ge Photodiode
[Photodiode Layout] [Photodiode Photo]
28
< 광 OFDM 모뎀/링크 통합 전송성능 시험 환경> < 광 OFDM 모뎀 시제품 >
4 GS/s DAC
PLL (CLK.)
4 GS/s ADC
MAC_FPGA
OFDM MAC 플랫폼
OFDM 모뎀 Tx
OFDM 모뎀 Rx
광송신기
광수신기
< 광 OFDM 모뎀 전송 성능 시험 환경 구성도>
DFB-LD OFDM 변조부 (ONU)
OFDM 복조부 (OLT)
PD RF att.
RF att.
RF amp.
RF amp.
21 dB 1X64 Splitter EDFA
SMF 40km
12 dB
국내 R&D 동향-OFDMA-PON
광 OFDM 변복조 모뎀 기술
초고속, 광대역 전송 가능 기술
최대 100 Gb/s 상/하향 전송
장거리 전송 100 km
망 자원의 유연한 활용 가능
시간/주파수 영역에서의 자원 할당
투명한 서비스
경제성
고속 DSP를 활용한 구현
단순한 광 기술(IM/DD) 활용
n-bit/symbol
• multi carrier 변조/전송
• M-QAM
29
국내 R&D 동향-Reach Extender
DWDM introduced in feeder span to increase link capacity
- DWDM, CWDM, T-LD, RSOA injection locking, etc.
Requirement for reach extender
- Recovery an optical signal within existing ODN
- Provide remote management using OMCI or user defined OAM
- Control an upstream burst signal(Reset or Reset-less needed)
- Change upstream burst signal to continuous signal
30
10G/1G EPON RE GPON RE
2-channel Extender
8-channel Extender
16-channel Extender
EPON RE
16-channel Wavelength Converter
16-channel Extender
16-channel Wavelength Converter
4-channel Extender
국내 R&D 동향-Reach Extender
10G/10G EPON RE
10G-EPON Extender Line card
31
국내 R&D 동향-Reach Extender
Items PR30 PMD Extended PMD
(PR40)
Bit-level OEO-based RE
(ETRI)
Maximum channel
insertion loss (dB) 29 33 58
Minimum range 0.5 m to 20 km 0.5 m to 40 km 0.5 m to 60 km
Split ratios 1:32 1:64 1:128
Number of fibers 1/Port 1/Port 1/Multiple Ports
Transmission Rate (Gb/s) 10.3125 10.3125 10.3125 x (# of WDM)
Giga인터넷
용량증대
32
목표: 고온 안정성과 비용-/에너지-저감을 위한 DWDM 기반 Photonic-integrated multi-wavelength laser source 개발
핵심기술: Reflective Photonic Integrated Circuit, Low-power SiGe driver, DWDM channel generator linecard, Reflective TX array, Multi-degree reflective ROADM, Data-center interconnection
EU FP C-3PO 연구동향 C-3PO (Colourless and Coolerless Components for low Power Optical networks, 2010.06.01.~2013.05.31., 2.60 million euro)
Coordinator: University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork(아일랜드)
Participants: Polatis Ltd(영국), Interuniversitair Micro-Electronica Centrum Vzw(벨기에), Constelex Technology Enablers Ltd(그리스), The Centre for Integrated Photonics
Limited(영국), Adva ag Optical Networking(독일)
<C-3PO system> As is To be
Cooled photonics, Colored linecards C-3PO for IPoDWDM
<C-3PO next-generation access network>
EU FP 연구동향
33
목표: Connectivity-demand에 따라 스위칭 노드에서 Automation을 통해 네트워크 환경(link capacity, bandwidth, switching)을 설정
핵심기술: Flexible transponder 기술, Flexible switching 기술, Multi-carrier 시스템을 위한 network planning 및 control plane 연구
EU FP FOX-C 연구동향 FOX-C (Flexible Optical Cross-connect Nodes enabling next generation flexible optical networking, 2012.10.01.~2015.09.30., 3.64 million euro)
Coordinator: Optronics Technologies A.B.E.T.E.(그리스)
Participants: Research and Education Lab. in Information Tech.(그리스), University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork(아일랜드), Finisar Israel Ltd(이스라엘),
W-ONE SYS SL(스페인), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem(이스라엘), Aston University(영국), France Telecom SA(프랑스), Karlsruher Institut Fuer Technologie(독일)
<COMBO 프로젝트 개념도> <스위치 노드에서의 링크 용량 계층화>
EU FP 연구동향
34
목적: Adaptive-rate-transceivers를 이용하여, traffic-demand에 따라 optical path 및 bandwidth를 할당
핵심기술: Bit-rate flexible optical transceiver, Photonic integrated chip, Optical OFDM/Nyquist WDM, Programmable modulation format, Programmable data rate, Programmable FEC
EU FP ASTRON 연구동향 ASTRON (Adaptive Software defined Terabit tRansceiver for flexible Optical Networks, 2012.10.01.~2015.09.30., 4.61 million euro)
Coordinator: Optronics Technologies A.B.E.T.E.(그리스)
Participants: Research and Education Lab. in Information Tech.(그리스), University College London(영국), Enablence Switzerland AG(스위스), Finisar Israel Ltd(이스라엘),
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung E.V(독일), ECI Telecom LTD.(이스라엘), Aifotec Fiberoptics GMBH(독일), National Institute of
Information and Communications Technology(일본), Universita Delgli Studi Roma Tre(이탈리아)
<Software-defined Terabit transceivers를 이용한 flexible optical network 구조>
Adaptive Optical Transmitter Adaptive Optical Receiver
EU FP 연구동향
35
목표: λ-to-the-user(1G-to-the-Home + 10G-to-the-Antenna) 개념의 40G+ Ultra Dense WDM 솔루션 개발
핵심기술: Coherent transmission 및 detection 기술, 고속 DSP 기술, 파장 제어 및 스펙트럼 관리 기술, Polarization handling 및 OBI 저감 기술 연구
EU FP COCONUT 연구동향 COCONUT (COst-effective COhereNt Ultra-dense-WDM-PON for lambda-To-the-user access, 2012.11.01.~2015.10.31., 3.97 million euro)
Coordinator: Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e di Perfezionamento Sant'anna (이탈리아)
Participants: Ericsson AB(스웨덴), OPTRONICS Technologies A.B.E.T.E.(그리스), III V LAB GIE(프랑스), Promax Electronica S.L.(스페인), British Telecommunications
Public Limited Company(영국), Uvibersitat Politecnica de Catalunya(스페인), Research and Education Laboratory in Information Technologies(그리스)
10G mobile back-haul
Time/wavelength assignment function
OLT ONU
EU FP 연구동향
36
목표: Clean-state 접근법에 의한 Common PHY Infrastructure를 갖는 네트워크 구조 및 대역폭 자원의 유연성 제공 연구
핵심기술: Long-reach access 기술, Flat optical core(=OEO 및 Electronics 절감) 기술, 네트워크 자원 공유 기술, 에너지-저감의 유무선 네트워크 통합 기술 연구
EU FP DISCUS 연구동향 DISCUS (The DIStributed Core for unlimited bandwidth supply for all Users and Services, 2012.11.01.~2015.10.31., 11.65 million euro)
Coordinator: The College of The Holy & Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth near Dublin(아일랜드)
Participants: Interuniversitair Micro-Electronica Centrum Vzw(벨기에), University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork(아일랜드), III V LAB(프랑스), Polatis
Ltd(영국), Alcatel-Lucent Deutschland AG (독일), Telecom Italia S.P.A(이탈리아), Coriant R&D GMBH(독일), Atesio GMBH(독일), Kungliga Tekniska Hoegskolan(스웨덴),
Aston University(영국), Telefonica Investigacion y Desarrollo SA(스페인)
<DISCUS architecture> <CO-metro network bypass>
EU FP 연구동향
37
목표: QoE 향상 및 비용-/에너지-저감을 제공하는 Multi-operator FMC 기술
핵심기술: 네트워크 플랫폼 제어 기술, 네트워크 동기 기술, 무선 셀 핸드오버 지원 기술, 유무선 자원 통합 제어 기술 연구
EU FP COMBO 연구동향 COMBO (COnvergence of fixed and Mobile BrOadband access/aggregation networks, 2013.01.01.~2015.12.31., 11.17 million euro)
Coordinator: JCP-Consult SAS (프랑스)
Participants: DOCOMO Communications Lab. EU GMBH(독일), France Telecom SA(프랑스), Centre Tecnologic de Telecommunicacions de Catalunya(스페인), Adva Ag
Optical Networking(독일), Fon Wireless Ltd(영국), Aitia International Informatikai Zartkoruen Mukodo RT(헝가리), Telefonica Investigacion y Desarrollo SA(스페인), Deutsche
Telekom AG(독일), Adva Optical Networking Limited(영국), Lunds Universitet(스웨덴), Alcatel-Lucent Italia S.P.A.(이탈리아), Ericsson AB(스웨덴), Budapesti Muszaki es
Gazdasagtudomanyi Egyetem(헝가리), Institut Mines-Telecom(프랑스), Politecnico di Milano(이탈리아), Telnet Redes Inteligentes SA(스페인)
<COMBO project concept> <COMBO technical approach>
EU FP 연구동향
39
광 가입자망 기술 표준화
NG-PON2 표준 제정 완료에 따라 후속 기술에 대한 기술백서 작성 ’15년 하반기 착수 예정 백서 작업에 이어 후속 기술(가칭 NG-PON3)에 대한 표준화 착수(’16년 하반기~’17년 상반기)
41
NG-PON3 요구사항 Optical access being residential users dominated is more driven by
Higher performance
Lower OPEX, Lower cost
Higher speed (with higher bandwidth)
Longer reach
Lower power consumption
NG-PON3 will be introduced:
Wavelength flexibility appears as a limiting factor for deployment
To simply wavelength spectrum allocation (co-existence)
To achieve a green efficiency (NG-PON3 could be developed due to strict power consumption figures)
To achieve versatile customer (high rate and low cost ONU)
‘OTh3A.7, OFC 2013’ is working on FDM PON with Photonics Silicon devices to enlighten the future of PON:
Only 2 wavelength (one Up and one Down)
Co-existence of high and low bit rate ONUs
Source: “Post NG-PON2…”: Can the spectrum be exploited more intensively in PON’s?, OFC workshop on NG access, 2013.
42
Key Elements for NG-PON3 Transmitter at OLT
Monolithic / Hybrid Photonics Integrated Circuit (PIC) / CMOS / Array Optics
Novel packaging
Provides small size and power consumption, cost advantage
Dispersion and non-linearity in fiber is no longer negligible at higher line rate
Receiver at ONU
Monolithic / Hybrid Photonics Integrated Circuit (PIC) / CMOS / Array Optics
Increased sensitivity with PON BW
EDC needed
APD and power control are already used in 10G PON
High-speed FEC is unavoidable -> latency
High-speed RF electronics increase complexity, power and cost.
Other remedies
Use optical amplifier to improve sensitivity
Is it worth the complexity to go to coherent transceiver techniques?
43
맺음말
NG-PON2 표준화는 ’15년 상반기에 완료 예정이며, 시장 형성 전망
액세스망은 고속화, 광역화, 유무선 융합 방향으로 기술의 진화
이동통신의 유선구간 (프론트홀)을 수용하는 통합 플랫폼으로 진화
OLT와 DU의 통합 플랫폼
Legacy PON 수용하는 하이브리드 플랫폼
SDN 기반 액세스망 기술로 진화
망 신뢰도를 높이기 위한 가상화, 지능화, 유연화
CapEx, OpEx 절감