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Chapter 16
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Demands
North- manpower, industrial, merchant marine South- Defend, friendly population, knew land
Concept of Total War
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Lincoln
Low experience-great politician, good judge of people
Follow Anaconda plan Blockades and cut off like an anaconda
Suspended writ of habeas corpus Suppress influence of confederacy
Davis Educated-stubborn, total control
leadership
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Lincoln first year-states problem
Crittenden Resolution- war fought to “defend and maintain constitution (Jacksonian) and preserve union”
Revoked 5months later Confiscation act- slave confederates be free in
union hands 2nd confiscation act- slaves of anyone would be
freed if in Federal custody Lincoln still pushed for gradual emancipation
Emancipation Proclamation
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Why emancipate?
Confident boarder states would stay Weaken confederate military Make it an issue of freedom
Proclamation All slaves freed unless seceded states return by
Jan. 1 1863 Put in place excluded union slave states, those
under union control, TN Felt no right to apply to these not in rebellion
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Europe backs Union Redefined the war not to save the union but to
create a new nation Slavery disintegrated- challenge white
authority Life was difficult for freedmen
Refugee Contraband caps Military employment Plantation life returns for many
Reaction to Emancipation Proclamation
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New economy
Prices increase Cotton decreases, grain and livestock
increase Biggest problem is food
My mind on my money and my money on my mind
Taxation and impressment Inflation
Conscription Law Davis
Suspends writ of habeas corpus Martial Law
Confederate Home Front
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Economy
Income taxes, tariffs, excise fees, bonds Economy boomed but wages decreased Corruption and fraud- take advantage of govt.
contracts Opportunities open for women Lincoln
Suspension of writ of habeas corpus Expanded power Ex parte Milligan Drafting- issue of substitutes and commutation fee
Union Home Front
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Morals decline- prostitution, drinking,
gambling Rich man’s war poor man’s fight
Both
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Volunteers- rid slavery, fight, defend North or
South Camp life
Strict- routine Disease, lack of medical care Decline in morals/push for religious peace
Change in battle- technology (musket to rifle) Effect of total war on human mind
Soldier life
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1863- confederate lose at Gettysburg and Vicksburg Grant success at Anaconda Plan through Sherman Sherman’s capture of Atlanta help Lincoln's re-election Lincoln's Election 1864
Clear fight would continue until reunion and abolition of slavery
13th amendment Davis tries to abolish slavery for recognition from G.B. South civilian moral dives Surrender at Appomattox April 4th 1865
Defeat of Confederacy
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Death toll Southern wealth lost Stimulated industrialism-creates national industries Politically- increased federal government power
Dems loose influence Jacksonian view of INDIVISIBLE Nation
Spiritual cost Sectional bitterness Tolerance of corruption Decrease in morals- focus on science, order,
materialism
Impact of war